沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

1、沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“to do sth”（有时可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充当谓语外其他成分都可以充当，如主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等，这学期我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。1.作宾语需要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, like ,begin,start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan,refuse, agree, help 等。Remember to post t

2、he letter.I hope to stay with you拓展：（ 1）当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常需要形式宾语式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语 +it+ 宾语补足语it 代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定+动词不定式。I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.（ 2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.He began to read and write after dinner.（ 3）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where(why除外

3、)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。How to control the water pollution is a big problem.The trouble is whom to invite.（ 4） ”疑问词 +动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句I don tknow what to do next time.= I don tknow what I should do next time.2.作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时， 放在宾语的后面， 表示宾语是什么或者怎么样。 其后接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask, tel

4、l, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。The doctor advised him to take a good rest.We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.拓展：（ 1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时，在使役动词和感官动词后面需要省略to，常见的此类动词有：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.The boss made the workers work over 10 hours a da

5、y in the past.I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike,（ 2） help 接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号可以省略也可以不省略。He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work.3.作目的状语动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.练习1.The children decide _ their school yard

6、this Friday afternoon.A.cleanB.to cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned2.He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wife s return.沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习A.to stayB.stayedC.staysD.stay3.How kind you are! You always do what you can _ me.A.helpB.helpingC.to helpD.helps4.It was time for class. Mr King asked

7、all the children_ down quietly.A.sitB.sat C.to sitD.sitting5._ a book in the library, you should enter a key word into the computer first.A.To findB.FindC.To writeD. Write6.-Which dress do you like best, Madam?-Sorry, I can tdecide _ now.A.to buy which oneB.buy which oneC.which one to buy D.which I

8、should buy it7.Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting _ a foreign language.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.to learn8.-I will go ho Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?-I haven tdecided where _.A.goB.wentC.goingD.to go9.- Why don tyou go out to play, Rose?-Because I hav

9、e much homework _.A.doB.doesC.doingD.to do二、动名词Communicating is more than just speaking. 交流不仅仅是说话Debbie enjoys smiling and always looks friendly. 黛比喜欢微笑并且看上去总是很友好 I m looking forward to going to Beijing. 我正盼望着去北京。动名词是由“动词原形+ing ”构成，它在句中可作多种成分。变化规则一般在词尾加ing。 buy-buyingwait-waiting以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去掉e 再加

10、ing 。以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加少数以 ie 结尾的动词，变ie 为 y，再加 ing 。以 oe,ee,ye 结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ing 。用法rain-raininguse-usingride-ridinging。 begin-beginning cut-cuttingdie-dyinglie-lyingtie-tyingsee-seeingflee-fleeing1.作主语常位于句首，此时位于动词应使用第三人称单数形式。Swimming in the sea is her favourite sport.2.作表语用于表示主语是什么。My favourite ho

11、bby is collecting stamps.3.作动词和介词的宾语I practice speaking English everyday.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.4.作定语动名词可以用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可以使用“for+ 动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词前。a swimming pool=a pool of for swimming.1.The retired couple enjoy_ photos. They always go out with their cameras.A.takeB.tookC.

12、to takeD.taking2. -Thanks very much for _ （ invite ） me to your birthday party.3._ the competition brought her more than just fame.沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习A. WinB. WinningC. WonD. Winner4.Watching TV too much _ good for your eyes.A.isB.isn tC.areD.aren t5.-Would you mind_ the window?- Not at all.A.openingB.o

13、penC.to openD.opens6.What about_ the guitar?A.practising playingB.practise to playC.practise playing7.They left the room without _ a word.A.sayB.to sayC.sayingD.saysD.practising to play三、被动语态1.No nets are required for this type of fishing. 这种捕鱼方式不需要网。2.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of

14、 places in South-East China.曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业.3.A music show will be held in the school hall at 4p.m. on Tuesday, 4 May.5 月 4 日星期二下午4 点，将在学校大厅举行音乐表演。说明：句1 是一般现在时的被动语态，句2 是一般过去时的被动语态，句3 是一般将来时的被动语态。英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1.基本构成be+过去分词Football is played all over the world.足球风靡世

15、界。Is it made of bamboo?它是用竹子做的吗？2.基本变法We Visitedthat factorylast summer主动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分That factory was visitedby us last summer被动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分宾语提前做主语，主语变为介词by 的宾语，谓语变为 be+过去分词，时态根据主动语态来确定。3.常见的几种被动语态一般现在时am/is/are(not)+ 过去分词English isn tspoken by people here.一般过去时was/were(not)+ 过去分词This book was writt

16、en by Lu Xun.一般将来时will/shal(not)l+be+ 过去分词Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever,现在进行时am/is/are(not) being+ 过去分词Many trees are being cut down now现在完成时have/has(not) been+过去分词Man-made satellites have been sent up in to space.含情态动词can/may/must(not) be+ 过去分词All the exercises must be finished before 4

17、p.m.4.省去 by 的几个条件(1) 不知道、没必要或不想说出动作的执行者。Rice is grown well there.(2) 强调说明动作的承受者I was sent to teach them English.(3) 汉语中有“据说、大家说”等It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.5.各种时态的被动语态(1) 一般现在时的被动语态沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习am/is/are+ 过去分词I am often given gifts by Tom.The things on show are all ma

18、de in China.Is the room cleaned everyday?(2) 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+ 过去分词Jim was asked to go there.The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy snow.(3) 一般将来时的被动语态will be+ 过去分词或者am/is/are+过去分词Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.The children won tbe allowed

19、 to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?6.特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态感官动词和使役动词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带主动： The boss made her work for 10 hours a day.被动： she was made to work for 10 hours a day.练习：to，但变被动句时必须加上to.1.-Didn tyou see the sigh “No Parking! ”on the right?-Sorry, I didn t. Bu

20、t now I know parking _ here.A.wasn tallowedB.isn tallowedC.won tallowD.doesntallow2.Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.A.invitesB.is invitedC.was invitedD.has invited3.-A new park _ in our hometown next year.-Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful.A.will buildB.will be built

21、C.is built4.-Excuse me, I m looking forBe the Best of Yourself.-Sorry. The book you ask for is _ out.A.is selling outC.is soldC.was sellingD.will be sold5. Each year quite a lot of food _ around the world. Its really time for us to do something.A.was wastedB.is wastedC.wastedD.will be wasted6.Flowers _ along the road last year.A.plantB.plantedC.are plantedD.were planted7. It is said a new museum _ in our city next year.A.buildsB.is buildingC.will be builtD.was built8.-Does she like singing English songs?-Yes, she_ to sing English songs in