物流论文+英文版

1、.物流专业英语班级：物流三班姓名：秦汉乾学号： 2013041975;.introduction to logisticslogrstics is the management of the flow of the goods, information and other resourcesin a repair cycle between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requiements of customers. logistics involves the integrtio

2、n of infomation, transportation, detailed list warehousing, materil handling, and packging, andand occasionallysecwit. logisticsis a channel of th supply chain which adds the value of0f time and place utility. today the complexity of poduction logistics can be modeled,d analyzed, visualized and opti

3、mized by plant simulation softwarethe term logzshcscomes from the greek logos (2byos), meaning speeclt, reason, ratro, mtionalit, language, phrase, and more specifically from th greek word lqgisrtki gaytonkq),), meaning acounting and financial organization. the word logistics has its aigin in the fr

4、ench verbb loger to lodge or t quarter. its original use wasto describe the science ofmovemcnt, srppying &g & maintenance of military forces in the feld. lateron it was sed to desaibe the managemcnt ft 0f materials fiow through an o:ganization, from raw materials through to saished goodlogisticsis c

5、onsideredto have originated in the militarys nead to;.supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved 6rom their base to a forward position. in ancient greek, roma and byzantine empires, military officers with the titie lagistikasswere responsible for financia and supply distributi

6、on mattersslogistics management is that part of the supply cbain which plans, implernents and controls the efficient, effective forwad and reverse flow and storage of goods, savices andd related information between te point of origin and the poin of consumptioo in crder tott mect customer and legal

7、requirements. a professioal woricing in the feld of logisticscs management is called a logisticianlogistics management is known by many narnes; the most common are as fodowsmaterials managementchannel managementdistnbution (or physical distribution)business or logistics managemenlsupply chain manage

8、mentbusiness logisticslogastics as a business concept evolved m the 1950s business logastics can be defined as having the right item in he rightt quantity at the right time at the tight place for the right pnce in te nght condition to the nght customer , and is the science of processs;.the main fimc

9、hoas of a qualified logsshcran include invcntory managemeru, inachasmg, transportabon, warehousing, consultation and the organizing nd plarming of these activitiess logrsticrans combme a professional imowledge of ech of these fimctrcn to coordmate resowcesee in ao organization. there are two ftmdame

10、ntally dfferent forms of logistic3: co8 opriniaoaa a steady flow of mateial; the other coordinates a sequence of resources to cnry otd some peujectc peopproduction logisticsthe tenn production logisticsis used to describelogistic processes within an induatc) the purpose of production logistics is to

11、 ensure that each machine and workstation is being fed with he right product in the right quantily and qualityat the rigt time. the concem is nctncc the transportation itself; but to streamline and control the flow through value-adding prcessess and eliminate non-vlue-adding ones. production logisti

12、cs can be applied to existing as welll as new plants. manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing procss. prothaetionn logistics provides he means to achieve customer response and capital efficienc)warehouse management systems and warehouse control systems although there is some ftin

13、ctionality overlap, the. differencesbetween warehouse management systems) and warehouse control;.systems (wcs) can e significant. aa wms plans a weekly ctivity forecast based on such factots as statistis and trends, whereas a wca acts s4pervisor, working in real time toneaaa for instance, a wms get

14、the job docbe b the mostt ctock-keepl gunft(sku,)aandfiveofcan. tell the tystem rt n comsideratioosmay avee sku b hours m advance, bot by the_ trme it acts. other as going to need five of tri come into play, a wcs can ume and adapting to the situation and operational s 9tatus. working synrgisticali,

15、 dy making a last-minute decaston based preventthatproblembwarkinginreal11y, wms and wcs can resolve these issues.logistics has evolved to unmatched heights because of advances in the field all over the globe. many organizationswhich used to treat the process as a buden are now focusingon the growth

16、 and development of logisties by making it as an integralorganization. those with an interest in the 6eld may find some 101 part of te ll uutially confusing, so we present definitions of some frequently used dhraser phraserabc aoalysisit refers to the process of classification of products as per the

17、 level of terms of their relative criteria such as purchase or sales volume. it can be :mportance ia l tectinique that is used in a businesssense for;.denoting a categorization of lage voltt descnhed 18 a data into groups. these groups can be mrked as a, b and c. this means thatt ume or l activities

18、 thes l are considered high on prioriy are labeled as a, those witha lesser priority atete coder b and the groups of activities that are last on the list of priority are labeled c groupedopen pollcythis refers to a cargo insurance pohcy that has an open contracl an open pollform of lcy asa l cargo i

19、nsrance policy that is used to cover all grpes of sbipments undertakcn b j l tbe insured party. sometimes referred to as blanket coverage, the client is covred forr sl:ation specified in the tems and conditions of the insurancee agreement, as long s those ll shipments have been properly declared to

20、the company that underwrites the policyconsagneetbisrefers to an individual, company or manufacturer to whom a shipper or seller sends l merchandise. intermediate consignee refrs to a patty who is responsible for merchandisee delivery to the ultmate imate consignee,on te other hmd, refe

21、rs to a party j l who is in the actual receipt of the merchandisein an export-related ransactionn;.air way billthisrefers to a bill of lading that is related to air transportation which tends to serve as l the shipprs receipt. it indicates that the carrier company has consented to th licted goods j

22、l and under an obligaion to carry the products that are delivered in the form of a ll consignment to the destination airport in accordance with te conditioos specifid to fr j l consignee and consignor. air way bills are always non-negotableeloglshcs can be referred to as an enternse planrung network

23、 used for the purnose off purpose information, material management, capital flows. in the words of a layman it cat bee described as deliveing at the right time, for the right prie and in the right condition. whenen seen in te modem day competitive business action, it includes complex information alo

24、ngg with importance to the control and communication systems of the organizaticrn. no matter the size and the area of operations of ati organization, logistics information plays an important role in the achievement of the goals of the organizationlogistics does not refer to a single activity perform

25、ed for delivery of goods; it extends to delivery of goods at the right time, at the right place, in the right condition and at the right price the loglshcs manager ensures that no fraud is committed dunng the logrstrcs process and the logistics systems nm in accordance with the predefined plans and;

26、.policiesof the organization. an efective and efficient logisticssystem ensures the smooth fimctioning ofthee organization and it is rightly considerd as an integral part of the plans of th organizationonthe plan must be clearly defined so that there is no confosion in the minds of the iogisticsteam

27、. this clarity will help to accomplishthe desired objectives of the organization. it must be drafed in accordance with the objectivesof the organization. itst aam must be to provide timely delivery of goods besides rendering noml ftmctions off logistics under strct deadlines and in conformity with b

28、usiess goals1sthe loglstics team works under predefined objectives to ensure that the product is delivered as and when needed, for an economtcal pnce and in the nght condition it may use the services of various modes of transportation such as trucks, bses, trolleys, coutii er companies, flights, boa

29、ts or outsource he task to third-party logistics (3pls).ithus, logistics do play an important role in the execution of normal tasks associated with an organization. the orgnization must make necessary plans and guidelines to0enslue that their logistics information system is ftinctioning smoothly at

30、all times.a diversity of modestransportmodes are the means by which people and freight achieve;.mobthty. they fall into one of tluee basic ypes, depending on over wbat suiface thcy travel - land (roadd nil and papelines), water (shipping), and air. eschmode is charactcrizedby a set of teehnioal, opa

31、ational and commercial charactetistics:road transportatonfroad infrastriicbaesare large consumersof space with the lowest lcvel of physical co:iataints among tansponationa modes. road transportation has an average opaatenalal flexibility as vehislescan serve several pnrposc but are ranely sble to mo

32、ve oirtcide roada. road transport systemshave high maintenance costs,both for the vehicles and infrastriictures. tey are mainly liaked to light industries where rapd movements of freightht in smatl atches are the normmrail transportationrailways ate composed of traced paths on wbieh sce bound vebicl

33、es. they have an average level of pbsical constrains linked to the types of tocomotivesand a low gradient isb required, particularty fot freight. heay industriesare traditioaally linked with rail trnapprtrr systema, lthough containerization has improved th fexibi:ity o roil transportaion by by linki

34、ng it with roa and maritime modes.ipipelloespipeline routes ete practically unlimited as they can be laid on land ar under water pipeline constriiction costs vary accoalg to the diameter;.and increase proportinally withitt the distance and wih the viscosigr of fiuids (from gas, low viscosity, to oit

35、, ttigb viscosity).- the trans alaskan pipeline, which is 1,oo km long, was built under diffrcutt conditionss and bas to be above ground fbr most of ita path. pipeline tenninals are very important aince they conespoad to refineries and harbors.maritime transportationmaritime trensportation is the ma

36、st effective mode to move large quantities of cargo over long distances. main maritimc routes are composed of oceans, coats, seas, lakes, riven and ebannels. bowever. due to the location of economicactivities mantime cinulation takes place on specific parts of the maritime space, particulerty over t

37、he norht atlantic and inc notb prcific. mantime tiansporlation has bigh terminl costs, since portrt infraatuchaes are aong the most expensie to btdld, maintain and impdoe. higbigb inveotory costs also charactierize maritime transponation. mcre than any other ade, maritime ransportiton is linkcd to h

38、eavy industris, such as steel and petrochemcalica1 frcilitie adjaeent to poct sites.air transportationair routes are practically unlimited, but they are denser over the north atlantic, inside north ameica and europe and over the noath pacifi. air transport constraints arere multidimensional and incl

39、ude he site (a commercial plane needs about 3,300 meters off runway fbr;.landing and taldng off ), the climate, fog and aerial currents. air activities are linked to the tertiary and quatemary sectors, notbly finance and tourism, which lean on tete long distance mobility of people. more recently, ai

40、r transportation has been acconunodating growing quantities of high vaue freight and is playing a growing role in global logisticssintermodal transportationconcernsa variety of modes used in combination so that the respective advantages of each mode are better exploited. althoug intermodal transpora

41、tion applies for passengerer movements, such as he usage of the diffrent, but interconneted modes of a public transitsit system, it is over reight transportation that the most signficant impacts have beenen obsenred, contrinerization has been a powerful vector of intermodal integration, enabling mar

42、itime and land tansportatin modes to more effectively inerconnectecttelecommunicationscover a grey area in terms of if they can be considered as a transport mode since uolike true transportation, telecommunicationsofen does not have physicalhhty yet, they are structured as networks with a practicall

43、y unlimited capacity with verv 11 very low constraints, which may include te physiogrphy and oceanic masses thatat may impair the settng off cables. tey provide for the instantaneous movement of;.informati,l theory). wave transmlssaons,because of their hmited coverage, often on (speed of light in re

44、quire substations.such as for cellula phone networks. satellites ar often uslsl ing a geostationary orbit which is getting eowded. hig network costs and low distribtioni0n costs chaacterize many telecommuication networks, which are linked to th tertiary and quaternary sectors (stockck markets, busin

45、ess to business information networks, etc). telecommunications can provide a substittion for personal movements in some economic sectors introduction to warehousingwt.aeo:_hos_ingia the storage of goods for profit as the part offirms logistics system. thshpiz51-n:locujte,thewarchouse.isastoragefecrt

46、lythat recelves goos and productsctshlstoryware-houstng s roots date back to the crcatton of grananes to store food d of fbmine. as european explorers began ngarehouses at the ports grew in importance for thc storage of products and commodn to creale shipping-trade routes with other narions, from af

47、ar. as railmads began to expend ravel andd t les for the storage of materials became necessary.later, because the trnnsportation, the creation of rail depots resinctionson railroads, govemment placed more commercial wa:ehousing began to grow. world war n also;.mpactedwarehousutg. asmass productlon g

48、rewthroughoutmamfactunng, theneeds offefficientand effective wuehousingcapabilitiesgrewwith it.modern developmentarehouse industry also cofed with new methods of distribution, such as just-in-hme u) maoufacturing-where warehousing is unnecessary because products are shipped dvectly to customers. war

49、ehousig companie8- are now striving to beb nnfly storage facilities. they a:e transforming temselves into third-party logisticss provjders or 3pls that provide a wide array of services aad flancioos. con;emporaryy arebousing facilities ofrer ligkt manufacturing, cah centers, labeling, and othre non-

50、sto:age optrons.warebouse classificationswarehouses are divided into public warehouse, private wa:ehouse, leased warehouse aod contract werehouse. public warehouse uwolves he client paying a staadard fee fior thee storage of merchandise. private warehouse is storage and operations controlled complet

51、ely .by a sinle manufacturer. leaed warebouse is an optioa for more stabte inventoryrr contract warehouse clients fay fees regrdlessof whether thy are usin the space or not:ot: the space is always there for them to use, however. aecording to overiew of warebousingg in north america, contract waehous

52、e accounts for more tban 60 percent of the u.s.+;.commercial market.warebouse fnnctionswarehousingis a key eomponent of the overall businesssupply chain. warehouse fia:etions includethe storage of goods to permit managing product fow or to accommodate longerproduction runs;a mixing point where produ

53、cts from difrerent suppliers are mixed and then distributed to fulfll customer orders;a sales branch and customer service location:a source of supplies for production;a staging area for final packaging or finishing warehouse operation and managementthe basic function of a warehouse is to receive cus

54、tomer orders, retrieve requheditems, and finally prepare and ship those items. there are many ways to organize theseoperationsbut the overall processin most warehousesshares the following common phaseareceiving-theprocessof unloading, checkingquality and quantity, anddisassembling or repacking items

55、 for storage;.put-away-4efining the appropriate location for items and transferring them to thespecified storage location to wait for demandorder picking-retrieving items from their storage locations and transporting themeither to a sorting process or straight to the shipping area shipping-inspectin

56、g,packing, palletizing and loading items into acarrier for furtherdeliverywarehouse operations need clear visibility and real-time information on the locationand movement of items. using bar code, rfid, advanced labeling and wireless datacollection technologies, your warehouse eliminates costly inefficiencies in your receiving,put-away, picking and shipping processesaii. items are accounted for with bar code labelsand rfid tags. inventory locationsare clearly identified with long-range scannable labe