专题二高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

1、最新 料推荐高中英语语法 1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 （可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语” 和“同位语” 的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语， 因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。 同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。考点 1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线 （一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线 （短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语

2、上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点 1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体， 一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.不定式5.动名词6.主语从句等表示。7. 名词化的形容词（如 the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。 如果它们在句首时， 句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。On the desk aresomebooks. (主语是 books，所以用 are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是 the boy，所以用 ju

3、mps )Gone arethe days. (主语是 the days，所以用 are)练习 1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does h

4、arm to the health.6. The rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn t at home is not. true10. There comes the bus.11. Beyond the village lies a small village.12. Now comes your turn.考点 2. 谓语谓

5、语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：A. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicesrunning every morning. He readsnewspapers every day.B. 复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waitingfor you all the time. I would stayat hom

6、e all day.最新 料推荐Has he come back?He didntattend the meeting yesterday. 由系 加表 构成。 系 不能 独作 ，要和表 一起作 。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.考点 3. 表 表 多是形容 ，用以 明主 的身份、特征和状 ，它一般位于系 （如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表 一般由名 、 代 、形容 、分 、数 、不定式、 名 、介 短 、副 及表 从句表示。练习 2. 画出下列句中的表 ，并 明由什么充当。1. O

7、ur teacher of English is an American.2. Is it yours?3. The weather has turned cold.4. The speech is exciting.5. Three times seven is twenty-one.6. His job is to teach English.7. His hobby（ 好） is playing football.8. The machine must be under repairs.9. The truth is that he has never been abroad.考点 4.

8、 宾语 由名 性的 充当， 表示 作的 象或承受者，一般位于及物 和介 后面。 分 动词宾语 和介 。练习 3. 画出下列句中的 , 并 明由什么充当。1. They planted many trees yesterday.2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.4. I wanted to buy a car.5. I enjoy listening to popular music.6. I think （ that）

9、he is fit for his office.考点 5. 足 足 和 构成 上的主 关系。 句 ，在意思上， 相当于 的主 。 有 足 的一般句型 ： 某些及物 （如 make 等） +宾语 + 。 可由名 、形容 、副 、不定式、分 、介 短 和从句充当。练习 4. 用下划 画出下列句中的 足 ，并指出是什么 充当，同 体会 和 之 的 关系。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Let the fresh air in.4. You mustn t force him to lend h

10、is money to you.5. We saw her entering the room.6. We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your cityis now.8.I want your homework done on time.考点 6. 主 主 的 充。含有 足 的句子在 成被 ， 作主 ， 原来的 就成了主 足 。He was electedmonitor.She was foundsinging in the next room.He was advis

11、edto teach the lazy boy a lesson.考点 7. 定 定 是 名 或代 起修 、 限定作用的 、短 或句子， 中常用“的”表示。定 通常位于被修 的成分前。在英 中， 多情况下，定 是放在所修 后面的， 点与 不同， 也是 多同学不能 懂 句的主要原因。 定 后置常 的有以下几种情况：A. 副 用作定 一般要后置。People there are very friendly. (那儿的人 ) He didntlike the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）最新 料推荐B. 形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，

12、而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）C. 介词短语作定语时要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom（. 树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our classis John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）D. 现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话 )The boy crying over thereis my classmate

13、.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The housebuilt last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）练习 5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3. We need a place twice larger than this one.4. She carried a basket full of eggs.5. It s a book

14、 worth no more than one dollar.6. It s a city far from the coast.7. He has money enough to buy a car.8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.11.A boy calling himself John w

15、anted to see you.12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.13.There are many clothes to be washed.14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.15.Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.考点 8. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 , 说明动作或状态特征的句子成

16、分，叫作状语。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(认真地写，慢 慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语 )This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词，作状语）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词 slowly, 因此 very 是副词，作状语）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）A. 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式 地点 时间一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式 地点 时间。如：I found a

17、lost pen outside our school yesterdaymorning.He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.B. 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大先写时间，再写上 /下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。I invited him to watch a movie at 5 p.m. on Thursday, August 28th, 2015.I was born at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000.He lives at 1120 Green Street, Lon

18、don.C. 频度副词 often, always, usually, sometimes, never 等在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后 , 实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He often came late.最新 料推荐D. 状语按意义分类在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认， 如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多， 可以表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。练习

19、6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。1. How about meeting again at six?1. The young man, my brother, works in the office.2. Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang, often helps us with study.3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.I. 单句改错根据所学主语相关内容，改正下列句中的错2. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.3. Last night

20、 she didn误。 t go to the dance partybecause1.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.of the rain.2.Gone is the days when I had to go to school4. She put the eggs into the basket with greaton foot.care.3.Play basketball is my favorite sport.5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6. In order to

21、catch up with the others, I must workharder.7. To make his dream come true, Tombecomes veryinterested in business.8. The boy needs a pen very much.9. The boy really needs a pen.10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.11. She works very hard though she is old.12. I am taller than he is.13

22、. I shall go there if it doesn t rain.14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs apen.考点 9. 同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明， 近乎于后置定语。如：We studentsshould study hard. (students是 we 的同位语，都是指同一批“学生” ）It s good to studentsus.练习 7. 画出下列句中的同位语。4. G

23、ive up English is not an option.5. By doing part-time jobs can help them gain social experience.6. Without a friend will feel lonely.II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）7. They planned_(take) two days off next week.8. He practiced _ (speak) English every day.9. Here _(be) your books.10. On the wall _ (hang) two pictur

24、es.III.写作技能提升A. 注意句子主语的形式。11. 在我看来，早睡早起将对我们的健康有好处。（ in my opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our health）12. 他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（ he failed the exam, make, upset）13. 在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（ between the two tall buildings, stand, teaching building）14. 我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有 帮助 。（ wh

25、at we are learning now, be of great help to, our life and work, in the future）B. 用形容词作后置定语。最新 料推荐15. 你 Tom 旁 的那个人 ？（ know, next to）16. 尽 早 把 他 送 到 距 你 家 最 近 的 医 院 。（sendto, nearest to, as soon as possible）17. 我 有一个能容下 3000 学生用餐的餐 。（dining hall, large enough, hold）C. 注意状 的 序。18. 那 他正在教室内 真地写作 。（do hi

26、s homework, in the classroom, carefully, at that moment）19. 上周日我 在校园内栽了很多 。 （ plant lots of trees, in the schoolyard）20. 他昨天在演 比 中表 得异常 秀。（ perform incredibly well, speech contest） D. 注意 度副 的位置。 QQ32995088521. 我永 不会忘 他那天 我 的 。（will, forget, what he told me, never）22. 我 经 常 去 那家 超 市 。（ frequently, th

27、e supermarket）23. 他 是帮助 人。（always, helping）24. 我们 什么时 候都不能 那样 对 待 老人 。（ never, treat an old man like that, should）25. 活到老，学到老。（one, never, too old to learn）最新 料推荐答案：练习 1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular（名.词）2. We often speak English

28、in class（.代词）3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语）5. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）6. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided（.主语从句）8. It is necessary to mas

29、ter a foreign language.（it 作形式主语， 真正的主语为后面的不定式）9. That he isn t at homeisnot true. ( 主语从句， that 不能省略 )10.There comesthe bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，名词 the bus作主语 )11.Beyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的名词短语 )12.Now comes your turn . （副词不能作主语，主语是后面的名词）练习 2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。1. Our tea

30、cher of English is an American（.名词）2. Is it yours?（代词）3. The weather has turnedcold.（形容词）4. The speech isexciting.（分词 /形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了）5. Three times seven istwenty-one.（数词）6. His job is to teach English.（不定式）7. His hobby（爱好） is playing footbal.（动名词）8. The machine must beunder repairs（.介词短语）9. The t

31、ruth is that he has never been abroad.（从句）练习 3.画出下列句中的宾语 , 并说明由什么充当。1. They planed manytreesyesterday.（名词）2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.（数词）3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday（.名词化形容词）4. I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语）5. I enjoy listening to popular music（.动名词短语

32、）6. I think that he is fit for his office（.宾语从句）练习 4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。1. His father named him Dongming.（名词）2. They painted their boat white.（形容词）3. Let the fresh air in.（副词）4. You mustn t force himto lend his money to you.（不定式短语）5. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）6. We found everything

33、in the lab in good order.（介词短语）7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）8. I want your homework done on time(.过去分词短语 )练习 5.口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。最新 料推荐1. The letter on the deskis for Mr. Wu.桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。 （介词短语作后置定语）2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mo

34、ther .怀里抱婴儿的那个 妇女是他的母亲。（with 的复合结构作后置定语）3. We need a place twice larger than this one.我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。（形容词短语作后置定语）4. She carried a basketfull of eggs.她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。 （形容词短语作后置定语）5. It s a bookworth no more than one dollar.那是一本仅值一美元的书。 （形容词短语作后置定语）6. It s a cityfar from the coast.它是一座距海岸很远的城市。 （形容词短语

35、作后置定语）7. He has moneyenough to buy a car.他有足够能买一辆车的钱。 （形容词短语作后置定语）8. The man downstairswas trying to sleep.楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。 （副词作后置定语）9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。 （现在分词短语作后置定语）10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animalsfeed on meat.属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。

36、（现在分词短语作后置定语）11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.一个自称为 John的男孩想见你。（现在分词短语作后置定语）12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.在回家的路上，他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。（现在分词短语作后置定语； 副词短语作后置定语）13.There are many clothesto be washed.有许多要洗的衣服。 意译为：有许多衣服要洗。（动词不定式短语作后置定语）14.M ost of the singers i

37、nvited to the party were from America.大多数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。（过去分词短语作后置定语）15.Then the great day came when he was tomarch past the palace in the team.接着，他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。（定语从句修饰 the great day）练习 6.指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。1. 时间状语2. 地点状语 3. 原因状语4. 方式状语5. 伴随状语 6. 目的状语7. 目的状语8. 程度状语 9. 程度状语10. 结果状语 11. 让步状语 12. 比较状语13. 条件状语 14. 时间状语；地点状语15. 原因状语练习 7.画 出 下 列 句 中 的 同 位 语 。QQ3299508851. The young man, my brother , works in the office.2. Our English teacher,Mrs Wang often helps us with study.3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairi