高考英语阅读技巧-猜词

得阅读者得高考！,40/150,9年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息(细节题)；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,高考阅读技巧       猜测词义,0608年重庆卷阅读理解试题分类情况,The underlined word “ ” refers to (means)             .Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ ”?What is the meaning of “ ” as the words are used in the text?Which of the following has the closest meaning to  the  word “ ”?,常见词义猜测题型,常用词义猜测技巧,一、依据针对性解释,二、依据内在逻辑关系,三、根据构词法猜测词义,常用词义猜测技巧,一、依据针对性解释,1、利用定义线索,2、利用解释说明线索,3、利用举例线索,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,1、利用定义线索,特征：常有 be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。,例1 ,nrpldiAnthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _.,人类学,例2 Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.  Desertrefers to_.,沙漠,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,2、利用解释说明线索,特征：常有 that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。,例1 In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields.To irrigate means_.注：or=mean 表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语,例2His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. Zoologist refers to _.,动物学家,灌溉,例3 simntiksSemantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. Semantics means_.,例4The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. Herdsman refers to _.,牧人,语义学,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,3、利用举例线索,特征：常有 for example, for instance, such as, like等词语来提示。,例1,piridiklYou can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. Periodicals means_.,期刊，杂志,例2silebriti Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like. The word “celebrities”means_.,名人,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,4、利用对比关系线索,5、利用因果关系线索,6、利用同类关系线索,7、利用一般常识线索,三  常用词义猜测技巧,4、利用对比关系线索,特征：常有but, however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,instead,despite  等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。,二、依据内在逻辑关系,例1 Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knowHis brother，in contrast，is quite humble（谦虚的） and modest supercilious means _.,傲慢的，目空一切的,例2 Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Grubby means _.,肮脏的,常用词义猜测技巧,5、利用因果关系线索,二、依据内在逻辑关系,特征：常以 because, so that, so/suchthat    等词汇及结构来体现。,例1 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员） because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others autocratic means _.,独断专行的,例2 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow（浅的）.  Turbid  means _.,浑浊的,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,6、利用同类关系线索,特征：常有and,or, like, similarly, also 等表示词语来提示。,例1 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your healthThey also regard drinking as harmful detrimental means _.,有害的，不利的,例2 The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady. eccentric means _.,奇怪的,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,特征： 一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。,7、利用一般常识线索,例1  My parents went out and got a new TV. That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof. antenna means _.,天线,例2 The students were jubilant when they learned that their school had placed first in the competition.   jubilant mean_.,兴高采烈的,常用词义猜测技巧,三、根据构词法猜测词义,8、利用构词法中的词缀法,9、利用构词法中的合成法,10、利用构词法中的转化法,常用词义猜测技巧,三、根据构词法猜测词义,特征：1、利用前缀和后缀构成新的单词2、利用合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的单词3、利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词,前缀：1. in-, im-,il-,ir-,non-, un-, dis-,mis-常表示否定,如：incorrect, impossible, illegal,irregular, nonstop, unfair ，disappear， mislead后缀:1. adj.-ness,如： happiness, illness, selfishness2. V.-ment,如：equipment, entertainment, movement3. V.-tion,如：education, communication,operation4.形容词词性的词缀：-able, -cal, -ish, -ful, -ous, -al,如： comfortable, physical, childish, hopeful, delicious, dangerous, national,例1When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. impassable means_.,无法通过的,例2Saint Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for loversBoys like to give girls flowers as presentsOn that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand forget-me-not means _.,勿忘我,例3 Today its his turn to empty the rubbish. empty means_.,倒空,小试身手：,1 Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学  B. 生态学  C. 心理学  D. 考古学2Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just   three  months, he has already made much  greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级B. 前任  C. 同事  D. 下级3 The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy  as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的B. 亢奋的  C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的4.  All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的  C. 有效的D. 匆促的,D,B,A,B,5. Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can't see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself. Thus someone who says that "she is a 12-year-old girl." could really be an old man.A.  making a wrong judgement aboutB.  understanding somebody wronglyC.  giving a wrong description ofD.  forming a wrong opinion about,C,6（2002年全国卷E篇） A childs birthday  party  doesn't have  to  be  a  hassle ; it  can  be  a  basket  of  fun , according  to  Beth  Aneclerio, an Evaston mother  of  two , ages 4 and 18 months.74、What  does  the  underlined  word  “hassle”  probably  mean?A.  a  party  designed  by  specialistsB.  a   plan  requiring  careful  thought C.  a  situation  causing difficulty  or  troubleD.  a demand  made  by  guests,C,9.“But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior(领导,上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”,( 2005 上海 B),full of respect        B. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experience  D. too shy and quiet,10. Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. （ 2005 广东 B）The underlined word “ cultivated” roughly means: A. encouraged      B. compared    C. examined         D. developed,D,11 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display（ 2006 江西  B）  Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?A. Messy and untidy.                        B. Rich and expensiveC. Comfortable and calming.                  D. foreign and unusual,D,7（2004的辽宁卷B篇）Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green”