杨忠语言学概论课后综合测试题及中文版答案

综合测试题（一）I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets：(10 points) ：() 1. General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. () 2. The total number of words stored in the brain is called morphology. () 3. The sentence “The woman cant bear children” is structurally ambiguous. () 4. Categorization refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.() 5. Metaphors can create similarities between the target domain and the source domain.() 6. According to referential content, deixis can be put into person deixis, place deixis, time deixis and discourse deixis. () 7. Phrase structure rules are rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. () 8. Modality can be categorized into probability and Usuality. () 9. Age is not the learner factor that has been an issue in second language acquisition research. ()10. Register, as a variety of language in use, is analyzed on three dimensions: field, mode and tenor.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. _ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. A. creativity B. arbitrariness C. displacement D. interchangeability2. Syntactically, Japanese is _ language. A. analytic B. isolating C. synthetic D. agglutinating3. The general roles language plays are termed A. metalanguages B. metafunctions C. metadiscourses D. metagrammar4. _ is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real or supposed suffix. A. Blending B. Eponyms C. Backformation D. Clipping5. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a _. A. suffix B. prefix C. morpheme D. morph6. _ theories are those that attempt to explain acquisition on the basis of assuming an innate biological endowment that makes learning possible.A. Environmentalist B. functionalist C. nativist D. both a and b7. Words and phrases like now, yesterday, next week, in three day, etC. are called _. A. person deixis B. time deixis C. place deixis D. discourse deixis8. Every syllable has a(n) _, which is usually a vowel. A. nucleus B. onset C. code D. rhyme9. _ is defined as the study of meaning. A. linguistics B. semantics C. morphology D. pragmatics10. A _ is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community.A. pidgin B. creole C. Esperanto D. natural languageIII. Match the terms in column A with the phrases in column B and put a, bj into brackets: (10 points)A( ) 1. Socialinguistics( ) 2. Applied Linguistics( ) 3. Morphology( ) 4. Phonetics( ) 5. Linguistics( ) 6. Syntax( ) 7. Psycholinguistics( ) 8. Pragmatics ( ) 9. Phonology ( ) 10 SemanticsBa. the analysis of sentence structure b. the analysis of meaning in context c. the analysis of meaning d. the study of sound systems and patterns e. the application of linguistic theories to other spheres f. the study of speech sounds g.the study of the relationship between language and society h.the study of word structure i. the scientific study of language j. the study of the relationship between language and mindIV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) they all share: (10 points)1. td 2. m n 3. f s h 4. d n z l r 5. i: i u: uV. Consider the following words and fill in the form: (10 points)Words analyzed number of morphemes troublesome free morphemesstepmother psycholinguistics understatement antidisestablishmentarianismVI. Interpretate the following ambiguous sentences: (10 points)1. The duck is too hot to eat. (1) _ (2) _2. Visiting friends can be boring. (1) _ (2) _VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points)1. derivation 2. learner factorsVIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points) 1. What is the difference between “a red and a redcoat”? 2. What are the features of modern linguistics? 3. According to Austin, what does a speech act consist of?综合测试题（二）I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points)() 1. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and logical metafunction. () 2. Duality is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. () 3. Modality can be categorized into modalization and modulation according to Halliday.() 4. Morphology is the study of the internal structure and the formation of words. () 5. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning.() 6. Second language acquisition is a complex process which involves social factors and learner factors. () 7.Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional dialets, sociodialects and registers.() 8.Functional linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. () 9.Euphemism is an expression that substitutes one which may be seen as offensive or disturbing to the addressee. () 10. Intonation is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The language used to talk about language is called _. A. language B. metalanguage C. natural language D. artificial language2. +continuant specifies _. A. all the fricatives B. all the fricatives and glidesC. all the fricatives and liquids D. all the fricatives, liquids and glides3. _ is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words. A. Coinage B. Blending C. Acronmyms D. Clipping4. A _ is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit. A. morpheme B. word C. phoneme D. allophones5. The word “multinationality has _ morphemes. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 56. _ is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varieties according to use”, in contrast with regional dialects and sociolects, both of which are “varieties according to user”.A. field B. mode C. tenor D. register7. _ are a fundamental unit of conversational structure. A. back-channel signals B. adjacency pairsC. pre-sequences D. insertion sequences8. The idea that people cooperate with each other in conversing is generalized by Grice (1975) as _. A. the principle of relevance B. cooperative principleC. the politeness principle D. the theory of prototypes9. Beauty and siren both refer to a good-looking woman, but they differ in _. A. affective meaning B. style C. collocation D. register10. “John explained the theory” is a _ process according to Halliday. A. material B. mental C. verbal D. behavioralIII. Complete the blanks with necessary words beginning with the letter given: (10 points)1. Specially, there are four m_ under cooperative principle generalized by Grice. 2. M_ is unanimously acknowledged by researchers and language teachers as an important factor in second language acquisition. 3. A speech act consists of three dimensions. The act of producing a meaningful linguistic expression is called l_ act. The act of communicating intention through utterance is termed i_ act. The act of bringing about an effect is known as p_ act. 4. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as m_. 5. C_ is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables. 6. A morpheme may be represented by different forms, called a_, 7.The term language a_ refers to the natural process of children language development. 8. A d_ is a variety of a language that is distinctive from other regional varieties in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.IV. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points)A() 1. This vet is very famous in the town. () 2. This classroom is large and bright. () 3. He is watering flowers. () 4.Orlon is a kind of cloth material. () 5. Watt is the measurement unit of electricity. () 6. EEC is an important organization in the world. () 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper. () 8. The road was enlarged last year. () 9. Some young people have brunch quite often.Ba. Conversion b. Derivation c. Blending d. Backformatione. Acronym f. Compounding g. Coinage h. Eponym i. ClippingV. Pick out the sound that does not belong to the group of the sounds according to the natural class of sounds. And then name the feature(s) that define the one picked out and the group of sounds: (10 points)For example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. z voiced/voiceless _ _ _ _ f z s m ? l n p b m v w s z d i: i ? u e i: ?: e ? _ _ _ _ _VI. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “He found his book on Wall Street”: (10 points)VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points)1. language and linguistics 2. semantics and pragmaticsVII. Answer the following questions:(40%) 1. How do you understand creativity, one of the features of human language? 2. What do Taboo and Euphemism mean? What is the relationship between them?3. What are the general roles language plays according to Halliday?综合测试题（三）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets. (10 points)()1. A morpheme is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrast words in meaning and in form. () 2. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. () 3. The word “went” contains two morphemes.() 4. The approach that analyzes word meaning by decomposing it into its atomic features is called componential analysis (CA). () 5. Euphemism refers to a prohibition on the use of, mention of, or association with particular objects, action, or persons. () 6. The distinction between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is whether it can be used independently in speech or writing. () 7. In English, the two liquids l and r are phonemes, but in Korean, they are allophones. () 8. Mood is a syntactic constituent made up of the Subject and the Predicate. () 9. Compounding is one type of word formation by combining both free morphemes and bound morphemes. ()10. The total number of words stored in the brain is called the lexicon.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The followings are all features of language except _. A. duality B. productivity C. changeability D. displacement2. The lexical sense relation between flour and flower is _. A. synonymy B. antonym C. polysemy D. homonymy3. _ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class. A. Conversion B. Abbreviation C. Eponyms D. Blending4. Children all undergo _ stages of language development. A. babbling, two-word, holophrastic and the telegraphic speech B. babbling, two-word, telegraphic speech and the holophrastic C. babbling, holophrastic, two-word, and the telegraphic speech D. babbling, holophrastic, telegraphic speech and the two-word 5. The followings are acknowledged as important factors in second language acquisition except _. A. motivation B. nationality C. age D. learning strategy6. Speakers consider the matter of face for themselves and others. Based on this observation, Leech (1983) proposes _.A. the cooperative principle B. the principle of relevanceC. the politeness principle D. speech acts7. Minimal pairs can be exemplified by _. A. moon/noon B. foot/food C. she/sheet D. sea/sea8. The features that are found over a segment or a sequence of two or more segments are called _. A. distinctive features B. non-distinctive featuresC. suprasegmental features D. free variation9. The _ function (sometimes also referred to as experiential function) is realized by the transitivity system of language. A. ideational B. interpersonal C. textual D. logical10. Free morphemes were traditionally called roots, and bound morphemes _. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. affixes D. inflectional morphemesIII. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points)A( ) 1. Most children like drinking Coca-cola. ( ) 2. UNESCO is a branch United Nations. ( ) 3. The police machineguned the gang.( ) 4. I like sandwiches very much. ( ) 5. There are a lot of fruits in the fridge.( ) 6. Infotech is popular nowadays.( ) 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper.( ) 8. His stepmother is very kind to him. ( ) 9.The street was widened last year. Ba. Conversion b. Derivation c. Blending d. Backformation e. Acronym f. Compounding g. Coinage h. Eponym i. ClippingIV. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.(10 points)1. labiodentals 2. interdentals 3. back vowels 4. high vowels 5. palatal affricates V. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket. (10 points)A( ) 1. The noise annoyed him. ( ) 2. The police caught him ( ) 3. There are two books on the table. ( ) 4. John explained the theory to me. ( ) 5. He watches TV every day.( ) 6. The conference is on MondayBa. Material process b. Relational process c. Mental process d. Verbal process e. Behavioral process f. Existential processVI. Explain the following terms: (10 points)1. arbitrariness 2. voicingVII. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “They can fish”. (10 points) VIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points)1. 2. What is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse? What is conversion in terms of word formation? Illustrate it with examples.3. What are the components of metaphors?综合测试题（四）I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points)( ) 1. English is a tone language. ( ) 2. Bound morphemes are always attached to free morphemes to form new words. ( ) 3. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meanings. ( ) 4. Metaphor is an essential element in our categorization of the world and our thinking process. ( ) 5. Overgeneralization is found universal in second language acquisition. ( ) 6. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are experiential metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and discourse metafunction. ( ) 7. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. () 8. There are two types of language in the world: natural language and artificial language. ( ) 9. Coinage is a process of inventing words based on existing morphemes.( )10 Environmentalist theories hold that experience is of more importance than innate contributions in learning a second language.II. Multiple choice: (10 points)1. The word “antidisestablishmentariaism” is composed of _ morphemes. A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine2. _ refers to the vibrating of the vocal cords when sounds are produced. A. Voicing B. Voiced C. Nasalization D. Aspiration3. Smog is a _ word. A. derived B. clipped C. blended D. compound4. The idea that the learners have a sense of achievement as long as they learn if of vital importance. This kind of motivation may be termed _ motivation. A. instrumental B. integrative C. cognitive D. none of them5. u: possesses the features _. A.+high+back+round-tense B. +high-back+round+tenseC.+high+back+round+tense D. -high+back+round+tense6. English is an example of _ languages. A. VSO B. SVO C. SOV D. SVO7.A _ is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrast words in meaning and in form. A. phoneme B. phone C. morpheme D. morph8. Free morphemes were traditionally called _. A. affixes B. prefix C. suffix D. root9. The lexical sense relation between elephant and animal is _. A. hyponymy B. synonymy C. antonymy D. homonymy10. Words like male and female, pass and fail, etc. are _ antonyms. A. gradable B. complementary C. reversal D. relativeIII. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracketbefore the sentence. (10 points)A( ) 1. John is talking to Jane. ( ) 2. Tom is the leader ( ) 3. There is a cat on the bed. ( ) 4. The bad ne