大学英语1复习纲要B

201203 学期大学英语 1复习纲要 BPart I. Vocabulary and Grammar Directions: For each of the following 10 incomplete sentences, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1Experiments of this kind _in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.Ahave conducted Bhave been conductedChad conducted Dhad been conducted2_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.AWhich BWhat CThat DWhom3Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months.Aworks Bworked Chave been working Dhad been working4I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.Amust not Bneed notCwould not Dmight not5Its important for the figures _ regularly.Ato be updated Bto have been updatedCto update Dto have updated6Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _ , of course, made all the others upset.Awho BwhichCwhat Dthat7That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there.Atakes Bhas takenCtook Dwas taking8Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been9_ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.ASince BOnce CUnless DWhile10Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.Astudied Bwould studyChad studied Dwas studyingPart II. Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1“I Went Skydiving at 84!”As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. But the experience turned out to be very dull. Around that time ,I told my husband that I wanted to skydive. So when our retirement community（社区） announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided to write about my dream.In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating George Brush Sr. did it at age 80. Why not me? I was just 84 and in pretty good health. A year went by and I heard nothing. But then at a community party in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners. I just couldnt believe it. Inspired by this, I decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.One June 11, 2009, nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane. My instructor, Jay, guided me through the experience. The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in, but I wasnt frightenedI was really just looking forward to the experience. When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane. When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought, “What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer. We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute（降落伞）, then we just floated downward for about five minutes. Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever feltmuch better than the hot air balloon. I was just enjoying it.Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life. I hope other people will look at me and realize that you dont stop living just because you are 84 years old. If theres something you want to experience, look into it. If its something that is possible, make it happen.11What happened to the author in 2001? _.AShe flew an airplane BShe entered a competitionCShe went on a hot air balloon ride DShe moved into a retirement community12The author mentioned George Bush Sr. in her essay to_.Abuild up her own reputation Bshow her admiration for himCcompare their health condition Dmake her argument persuasive13How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane? _.AExcited BScared CNervous DRegretful14What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving? _.AThe beautiful clouds BThe wonderful viewCThe company of Jay DThe one-minute free fall15What did I do on my birthday of 2011? _.ARide in a hot air balloon BHave a wonderful viewCHave a party DThe one-hour free fallPassage 2Beyond the Factory: Child Labor in the CitiesAt the beginning of the nineteenth century, factory owners faced few restrictions on the way they employed their children workers, who were between the age of 7 and 12. Gradually laws came into being.The first child-labor laws were passed at the state level in America and usually focused on both required education and a minimum age for employment. And added rules limited the length of the workday for children. Pennsylvania, for example, limited the workday to 10 hours for children under 12. However, government officials cared little whether businesses followed the law. In fact one group of children was left entirely unprotected by labor laws the children of immigrant families.By the beginning of the twentieth century, piecework appeared, for which people were paid by the piece. Significant numbers of women sewed baby dresses or mens neckties and made the artificial flowers used to decorate hats. Piecework turned homes into factories that were free from the law, and countless children worked long hours alongside their mothers and old sisters.Manufactures exploited the system shamelessly and paid the lowest wages they could. Embroidering (刺绣) a silk dress, which was a 10-day job, might generate a five-dollar payment. In the case of “willowing“, workers needed to add more strands to ostrich feathers used on hats to make them longer and more graceful. The first willowers were paid 15 cents per inch, but a few months later, the pay was reduced to 13 cents. Within three years, willowers were earning only three cents per inch.In order to survive under these circumstances, pieceworkers had even their youngest children help them. In one Italian neighborhood, a three-year-old girl helped her mother sew clothes. In another case, a child of eight who had lived in New York for three years had never been to school at all and could speak almost no English. Slowly child labor laws brought these abuses to an end.16The first child-labor laws required _.Aworkplace safety and conditions Bminimum payment and ageCeducation and working time Dminimum payment and schooling17Manufactures who hired women to do piecework _.Awere kind and concerned employersBwere sometimes called “willowers“Cusually paid the lowest salaryDforced children to turn home into factories18“Willowing“ was a kind of _.Ahandwork activity BworkplaceCpayment requirement Dworkers19By raising the example of the three-year-old girls experience in the last paragraph, the author intended to _.Ashow how poor the situations were for children workersBblame those adult pieceworkers for allowing children to workCattract attention to protect young childrenDemphasize the importance of educating young children20Which of the following sentences best summarizes the passage? _ AThe first child-labor laws were limited due to working at the state level.BEarly child-labor laws offered no protection to children who worked at home.CSome immigrant children did not learn English because of their piecework.DChild-labor laws should have come into being before children became workers.Passage 3SHANGHAI-Famed Chinese scientist Qian Weichang died here on Friday morning, saddening millions of his countrymen.He was 98.Qian, a pioneer in mechanics and applied mathematics in modern China, was one of the three famous “Qians“ in Chinas science and technology field. He was well known alongside Qian Xuesen, the father of Chinas space program, and Qian Sanqiang, a nuclear physicist who oversaw the development of Chinas nuclear program.Wu Shuqing, former president of Peking University, said Qian was an internationally well-known scholar whose modesty and conduct has set a good example for following generations.After learning about Qians death, millions of Chinese people offered their condolences (吊唁) online.Many students from Shanghai University, where Qian was a former president, burst into tears after hearing the news, saying it was a great loss to the university and to China.For those off campus for the summer vocation, many visited their university website, which had been turned gray. Some said they planned to return to the campus to mourn him. Many of those still on campus voluntarily joined preparations for a mourning (哀悼) service that will begin at the university on Saturday.The university has set up two mourning halls at two of its campuses and publicized the mourning time and phone numbers at the two sites.Qian was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, in 1912. Although he was initially not good at science, he chose to study physics at Tsinghua University because he believed science and technology were the keys to strengthening China in the 1930s.He graduated from Tsinghua in 1935, and earned his PhD in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in Canada in 1942.He returned to China in 1946 and became a mechanics professor and later vice-president at Tsinghua University.Qian made great contributions to the engineering applications of sciences, such as the fluttering of airplanes, armor penetration, the design of instruments and pipe systems.He is an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.21Qian Weichang used to work at _.ATsinghua University and Peking UniversityBShanghai University and Toronto UniversityCPeking University and Shanghai UniversityDTsinghua University and Shanghai University22According to the passage, the students expressed their sadness to Qians death in the followingways EXCEPT that they _.Aheld mourning meetings in the universityBcould not stop crying for losing himCwent to the university to mourn him themselvesDoffered their help to the mourning service23The passage tells us that _ made Qian Weichang aim at science in his university time.Ahis talents at study Bhis failures at scienceCthe familys expectation Dhis love to the country24Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage? _ AQian Weichang graduated from Tsinghua University.BQian Weichang used to work side by side with Qian Xuesen and Qian Sanqiang.CQian Weichang spent at least four years studying and living abroad.DQian Weichang was not good at science before he went to university.25What is the best title of this passage? _.ARespected Scientist Passes on at 98BThe Great Lif