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I摘要针对现有常规CA6140普遍车床的缺点提出数控改装方案和单片机系统设计，提高加工精度和扩大机床使用范围，并提高生产率。本论文说明了普通车床的数控化改造的设计过程，较详尽地介绍了CA6140机械改造部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。采用以8031为CPU的控制系统对信号进行处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲，经一级齿轮传动减速后，带动滚动丝杠转动，从而实现纵向、横向的进给运动。改造过程如下（1）机械部分的改造，包括纵向进给方向的改造和横向进给方向的改造。主要包括对滚珠丝杠螺母副及反应式步进电机的计算选择及纵向、横向机构装配图方案的制定。（2）电气控制部分的设计，主要包括MCS51系列单片机及扩展芯片的选用和电气控制图的设计。关键词数控，单片机，步进电机，滚珠丝杠，改造ABSTRACTIIIABSTRACTToremedythedefectsofordinarylatherC6140,adesignofdataprocessingsystemanditssinglechipmicrocomputersystemprogramisputforwardtoraisetheprocessingprecisionandextendthemachinesusage,andtoimproveproductionrate。Thispaperpresentstheprocessofdesigningnumericalcontrolreform，andexplicitlyintroducesthedesignofmechanicalandnumericalcontrolsystemreforms。Weadoptcontrolsystemwhichhas8031ascputocopewiththesignal，andoutputthesteppulsethroughtheI/Ointerface。Aftertransmittingandslowingdownbyforce1gear,thesteppulsesdrivetheleadingscrewtoroll。Thusachievetheverticalmovementandthecrosswisemovement。Reformprocessasfollows1Thereformationofmachinepart,includetoenterlengthwaystothereformationofthedirectionwithhorizontalentertodirectionofreformation.Mainlyincludetorolltheballscrewshaftnutandthecalculationchoiceofreactionsteppingmotorandtheestablishmentoflengthways,horizontalorganizationassemblediagramproject.2Thereformationofelectricitypart,mainlyincludethechoiceofMCS51familysinglechipandexpandchipandthedesignofelectriccontrolchart.Keywordsnumericalcontrol,singlechip,steppingmotor,ballscrewshaft,reformIV目录摘要.....................................................................................................................ⅠABSTRACT（英文摘要）.....................................................................................Ⅱ目录.....................................................................................................................Ⅲ第一章前言...........................................................................................................1第二章总体方案设计...........................................................................................22.1机械部分改造.................................................................................................22.2数控系统部分设计.........................................................................................2第三章机械部分改造设计...................................................................................43.1横向进给系统的设计与计算.........................................................................43.1.1横向进给系统的设计............................................................43.1.2横向进给系统的设计计算.....................................................43.1.3步进电机的选择...................................................................73.2数控车床的传动装置设计.............................................................................73.2.1螺旋传动.............................................................................73.2.2轴的结构设计......................................................................93.2.3透盖的结构设计...................................................................103.2.4螺母座的结构设计...............................................................103.3自动转位刀架的设计.....................................................................................11第四章微机数控系统设计...................................................................................134.1概述.................................................................................................................134.2数控系统的硬件电路设计.............................................................................134.2.1微机机型和扩展存储器的选择..............................................144.2.2确定I/O接口.......................................................................154.2.3键盘接口设计......................................................................164.2.4显示电路设计......................................................................174.3软件设计.........................................................................................................184.3.1插补原理及其程序设计........................................................19ABSTRACTV4.3.2步进电机的控制及其程序设计..............................................214.3.3间隙补偿功能......................................................................294.3.4键盘的诊断..........................................................................304.3.5自动换刀程序设计...............................................................31结论.........................................................................................................................33参考文献.................................................................................................................34
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