立式铣床立铣头设计论文.doc -- 8 元

I立式铣床立铣头设计摘要随着制造业的发展，高速度、高效率、高精度和高刚度已经成为当今机床发展的主要方向。为了满足当前机床市场的需要，铣床已经成为了当今机械行业一个重要的发展趋势，特别是在工业制造，加工过程中有着举足轻重的地位。在各式各样的机床中，立式铣床有着独特的加工对象。主要是对大型的平面、沟槽等进行铣削。在对铣床的研究中达到了一定的水平，从而铣床的主要配件立铣头的研究在一定程度上也达到了空前的规模。通过以往的加工经验可以对立铣头的研究在一定程度上有所改进，铣床主轴是靠齿轮进行传动的。铣床铣头的转动方式有多种多样，每种机床铣头的形式都不尽相同。立铣头的传动方式也是多种多样，立铣头主轴传动系统采用齿轮传动，传动形式采用集中式传动，主轴变速系统采用多联滑移齿轮变速。齿轮传动具有传动效率高，结构紧凑，工作可靠、寿命长，传动比准确等优点，齿轮机构是现代机械中应用最广泛的传动机构，用于传递空间任意两轴或多轴之间的运动和动力。现在的工业发展对铣削有了更加苛刻的要求，高精度、高速度、高效率、复合型、智能型等是今后发展的主要趋势。关键词铣床齿轮传动传动系统图立铣头IIVerticalMillingMachineLegislationXitouAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthemanufacturingsector,highspeed,highefficiency,highprecisionandhighrigidityofthecurrentmachinehasbecomethemaindirection.Inordertomeettheneedsofthemarketatpresentmachine,millingmachinehasbecometodaysmachineryindustryanimportantdevelopmenttrend,especiallyintheindustrialmanufacturing,processingisapivotalposition.Inallkindsofmachinetools,verticalmillingmachinehastheuniqueobjects.Themainismilling,suchastheplaneandgrooveact.Millingspindlesisonthegeartransmission.Millingheadturnswayeacharenotidentical,Themainaxismillingmachineisrelyingonthepowertransmissiongear.Spindledrivesystemusinggeartransmission,transmissionusingcentralizedformoftransmission,multispindletransmissionsystemofslidinggeartransmission.Geartransmissionwithhighefficiency,compact,reliable,longlifeandaccuratetransmissionthantheadvantagesofmodernmachineryisgearingtheapplicationofthemostextensivetransmissionmechanismforthetransferofspaceoranymultiaxisbetweenthetwoaxesofmovementandMomentum.KeyWordsMillingmachinegeartransmissionverticalmillingheadTransmissionsystems0目录摘要..............................................................................................................IAbstract.......................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................01.1课题研究的目的及意义...............................................................................................01.2国内外机床的发展现状...............................................................................................01.3机床的发展趋势...........................................................................................................31.4目前铣床方面存在的一些问题..................................................................................41.5立式升降台铣床其主要组成部分...............................................................................51.5.1铣头....................................................................................................................51.5.2主轴....................................................................................................................51.5.3工作台................................................................................................................51.5.4床鞍....................................................................................................................51.5.5升降台................................................................................................................61.6立铣头结构..................................................................................................................62总体设计.................................................................................................72.1立铣头的功能分析......................................................................................................72.2方案的提出..................................................................................................................72.3详细的设计.................................................................................................................102.3.1分析拟定传动方案...........................................................................................102.3.2选择电动机.......................................................................................................112.4进给转速图和传动系统图的设计.............................................................................122.4.1设计步骤...........................................................................................................122.4.2确定极限转速...................................................................................................132.4.3确定公比...........................................................................................................132.4.4求出主轴转速级数...........................................................................................132.4.5绘制转速图.......................................................................................................132.4.6应该注意的问题...............................................................................................142.5铣削三要素与计算.....................................................................................................142.5.1铣削三要素.......................................................................................................142.5.2进给量...............................................................................................................142.5.3背吃刀量pa和侧吃刀量ea.............................................................................142.5.4切削深度...........................................................................................................142.5.5切削层宽度......................................................................................................152.5.6切削层面积.......................................................................................................152.6铣削用量的选择.........................................................................................................152.6.1铣削用量的选择原则.......................................................................................152.6.2铣削吃刀量的选择..........................................................................................162．7切削液.....................................................................................................................162.7.1切削液的作用..................................................................................................162.7.2切削液的加注方法...........................................................................................172.8铣床加工误差、故障分析及排除方法.....................................................................172.9铣床及其刀具的介绍.................................................................................................182.9.1铣床的介绍......................................................................................................182.9.2铣刀的名称与用途..........................................................................................213主轴的设计..............................................................................................233.1主轴的基本要求........................................................................................................233.1.1旋转精度..........................................................................................................233.1.2刚度..................................................................................................................233.1.3抗振性..............................................................................................................243.2主轴组件的布局........................................................................................................263.2.1适应刚度和承载能力的要求...........................................................................263.2.2适应精度的要求..............................................................................................27