特级英语教师讲高考《完型填空的解题技巧》

特级教师讲高考-第三讲同学们，你们好！今天这一讲的题目是完型填空的解题技巧。完型填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力，这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。有些考生的听力基础知识部分做的还比较好，但是完型填空却只能做对一两道，有的甚至对完型填空产生了恐惧心理，导致全军覆没。那么，如何做好完型填空呢？请先看 07 年各地完型填空词性的分布情况：序号 试卷名称 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 代词1 全国卷 I 6 6 3 1 4 0 02 全国卷 II 7 1 6 3 0 1 23 北京 6 4 4 3 1 0 14 天津 7 4 4 3 1 0 15 重庆 11 1 4 1 1 1 16 辽宁 7 5 2 2 1 3 07 浙江 6 6 4 2 1 1 08 湖北 9 4 4 1 1 1 09 湖南 8 4 4 2 1 1 0汇 总 67 35 35 18 11 8 5一、做题的技巧：1、跳读全文，了解大意 2、利用语境，找到提示3、实词为主，动词核心4、结合语法，注意搭配5、辨析词义，准确选词二、做题三部曲1.快速浏览，掌握大意，不看选项。重点了解五个 W,即whowhatwhenwherewhy 以及 how。2.根据故事情节的发展谨慎选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。3.将所选定的词放到文中复读检查。下面我通过例句来说明：Eg.、通读全文，全面认识As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strangest_ 36_things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that_37_me so much (年北京高考卷完形填空 )36.A. way B. time C. place D. reason37. A. wounded B. destroyed C. surprised D. frightened2、利用上下文线索进行巧妙处理when all the buses were _48_ up along the street, I was afraid that Id get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfimiliar neighborhood48. A. called B. backed C. lined D. packedThen, the husband and wife _44_ to Paris for a weekend The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which showed a famous dancer walking out of a plane for Paris.44. A. flew B. drove C. sailed D. bicycled.3、寻找线索，进行猜词Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter（柜台） and made 47 movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He 48 his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk 49 him some nails.47.A. cutting B. hammering C. waving D. circling48. A. nodded B. raised C. shook D. turned49. A. brought B. packed C. sent D. sold4.上下通顺，搭配一致 形容词与名词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配、固定的搭配等1. Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of2. We are _to go back for class again when the headmaster called us together.A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure5. 辩词义1. He has been gone many years now， but I think of him often. I wonder if he 52 I was unwilling to be seen with him during our 53 (walks) . 52.A. sensed B. smelled C. agreed D. recognized2. In his spare time, he likes to get out in the country and take some _of animals.A. foods B. drawings C. paintings D. pictures6. (1)完形填空中的复现原词复现Jack was at the theatre early and he was already in a policemans clothes long before the end of the first sceneHe even thought of going out into the street to see whether he could pass as _45_ out there.A. a policeman B. an inspectorC. an officer D. a manager(2)完形填空中的复现-同义词、近义词复现My first customer was a pretty girl wearing a red dress To my surprise the first customer was a girl_31_ a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper.A. of B. with C. on D. in(3)完形填空中的复现-同源词复现First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _33_ at least six windows.A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean(4)完形填空中的复现-上下义词复现Jim got his reward, a large piece of paper from the headmaster, who told him to write a composition on the dangers of smoking. What could Jim write about? He hadnt listened to the lecture and had nothing to say on the _60_ .A. lecture B. point C. matter D. subject(5)完形填空中的复现- 反义复现Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very， very .A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous(6)完形填空中的复现-上下义词复现Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over theTodd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pulled in for _44_.A. directions B. repairs C. gas D. parking那么，如何做好完型填空呢？一、平心静气不急不躁对完形填空心存恐惧，是导致失误的根本原因，有些考生满脑子的畏难思想，殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外，根本无法进入思维，还谈何理解文章的内容呢？所以，集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。另外做完形填空题要有耐心，不能急躁。20 个空要一个空一个空地看、做，能做的先做，不能着急，以免出现过失失分。做完全题后，考生还应有个回首的过程，结合自己的选项，把全文再通读一篇，检查是否还有不妥当之处，以便加以纠正、改进。 二、浏览全文把握大意浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向，把握文脉，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的判断。考生在答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件。短文开头的第一、二句通常是主题句，或是告诉考生文章所要讲的主要内容是什么。完形填空首句一般不预留空白，因此认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句，有利于考生准确地预测和推断短文的主旨。 另外，通读浏览全文后就可联系上下文展开逻辑思维，准确把握词义、排除干扰项。通常情况下一篇完型填空必有几处答案难以确定，在推敲疑点时要紧扣文意情景，从上下文中寻找线索，务必使答案填入后句子的结构和意思都能上下连贯。三、识别短语注意搭配要特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常识的运用。完形填空是考查考生熟练地掌握词组、习语和句型的有效题型，因此考生平时要注意词组、习语和句型的积累，特别是教学大纲和考试说明中要求掌握的那一部分词组、习语和句型；特别是动词的搭配和词语类型试题是完形填空测试的重点，多数题目涉及到动词的语法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词紧密相连，测试的范围较广。这就要求考生多读、多记，对所学短语动词能牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。 在答题过程中，考生如能迅速地判断词组、习语和句型，不仅提高了答题的准确率，而且可以节省答题时间；辨别同义词的不同含义是考查考生对词汇掌握的重要途径，很多词语在不同的上下文中会有不同的意思，因此考生一定要在认真读懂短文的基础上作答；运用生活常识也是正确答题的有效手段。四、分析结构领会关系只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的，也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容，因此就更容易选准答案了。这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识，这对于理解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。如 1、表示列举的连词：first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude 2、表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that 3、表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 4、表示让步和转折的连词： however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever 5、表示对照的连词：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 6、表示补充的连词：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 7、表示时间顺序的连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once 8、表示目的的连词：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 9、表示条件的连词：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)五、运用语法理顺关系语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌离神不离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到 “牵动荷花带出藕 ”的功效。所以做题时应注意文章中的搭配： 1、逻辑搭配：包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否定等； 2、语义搭配：包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词； 3、结构搭配：指名词、动词、形容词等在句中与其他词的搭配； 4、惯用搭配：即通常所说的固定短语。六、学会“放弃“纵观全局做题时学会“放弃“。完形填空题是在一个语篇中进行考查的。做题时，不大可能一气呵成。能做的，先做。不能做的，暂时放弃。待处理完全文，甚至在处理过程中，往往会有柳暗花明之时。 另外要有全局观。通过上下文来选择答案：该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大，