2012年6月英语四级模拟题带答案（一至五）.doc

大学英语四级考试模拟题一PartWriting（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic:ONEOFFCHOPSTICKS.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：1.你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。2.餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源，并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；3.你对此事的看法和采取的做法。One-offChopsticks注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。PlasticBagPollutionTheuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.Theyrelightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushes,andfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxicparticlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.ProductionofPlasticBagsPlasticbagsaremadefromethylene(乙烯)，agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers(聚合体)chainsofethylenemoleculescalledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbagsthelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE),whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene(LDPE).UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags(3.6billion)aremadefromHDPE.DangerstoSeaLifePlasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastemostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbagsadeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisntapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines(肠道)andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome“home”tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthatswasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea；everybagthatsflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea；everybagthatsblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldietofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.PollutionTaxes&BansDifferentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTainwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby90%injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwerehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesarentdifficulttomake?Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?Orevenbetterturnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsastheyreaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhatsmoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoarecyclingunit.Findoutiftheresare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.GreenhouseGasesSomecountrieshaveintroducedsocalled“environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags”thatarebiodegradable(可生物降解).Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane(甲烷)whichisagreenhousegas.Itsalsopossibletoget“plastic”bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,theyremoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.GarbageBinsOnequestionthatsoftenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?Toanswerthat,letsgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedo?Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidntfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost(肥料)forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasntneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessarytheresreallynopointinbringithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.IndividualEffortByrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,thats332plasticbagslesseveryyear.Thats332bagslessthatwill:releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsitesstayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyearsgetintothefoodchainthroughanimalswasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocesskillanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollutionTheseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundaffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?Thatsuptoyoutodecide.1.Manythick,clothing-carryingplasticbags,madefrom_,canhardlyberecycled.A.highdensitypolyethyleneB.lowdensitypolyethyleneC.oilandcoalD.gasandcola2.Theannualuseofplasticbagsin_exceeds6billion.A.SingaporeB.AustraliaC.IrelandD.Taiwan3.Plasticbagscanbecomeahorribleserialkillerbecauseof_.A.theirtoxicparticlesB.theirlightweightC.theirincrediblyslowrateofdecayD.theiroverusebypeople4.InSouthAfrica,inlinewithanewgovernmentregulation,_willbebannedfromproduction.A.thicker,moredurableplasticbagsB.plasticbagssuitableforreuseC.thinner,short-livingplasticbagsD.thicker,higher-qualityplasticbags5._,thoughfriendlytotheenvironment,costtoomuchinmanufacturetowidelyused.A.ThepetrolbasedbagsB.Themethane-releasingbagsC.Thecarbon-releasingbagsD.hecorn-basedbags6.Whatisbotheringpeopleinconnectionwithplasticbagdilemma?A.Thequestionofwhatshouldbeusedtoreplaceplasticbagsasgarbagebinliners.B.Thefactthatonlyoneinevery200plasticbagsendupbeingrecycled.C.Theincreasingamountofgarbage.D.Thehighcostinvolvedinproducingenvironmentallyfriendlybags.7.Itsestimatedthateveryyearabout_arekilledbydiscardedplasticbags.A.10,000animalsB.100,000seaanimalsC.100,000landanimalsD.10,000wildlife8.Thefinaldestinationofmanycarelesslydiscardedplasticbagsis_.9.InIreland,followingthecollectionofa15eurocentperbagtax,plasticbagusagehasdroppedby_.10.Theso-calledenvironmentallyfriendlessbagsaremuchquickertobreakdown,butwillreleaseagreatdealof_.PartListeningComprehension（35minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A.ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B.Themansfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C.Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D.themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.A.Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget.B.Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C.ApplyforaseniorpositionintherestaurantD.Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.A.Afinancialburden.B.Agoodcompanion.C.Arealnuisance.D.Awell-trainedpet.14.A.Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.B.Thewomanwasmistakenherself.C.Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.D.Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.15.A.Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.B.Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.C.Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.D.Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.16.A.Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B.Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C.Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D.TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.17.A.Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B.Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C.Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D.Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.A.Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.B.Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C.Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.D.Itlltakeyearstobeingairpollutionundercontrol.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A.Enormoussizeofitsstores.B.Numerousvarietiesoffood.C.Itsappealingsurroundings.D.Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.20.A.Anancientbuilding.B.Aworldofantiques.C.AnEgyptianmuseum.D.AnEgyptianMemorial.21.A.Itspowerbillreaches$9millionayear.B.Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C.Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D.Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.A.11,500.B.30,000.C.250,000.D.300,000.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A.Transferringtoanotherdepartment.B.Studyingaccountingatauniversity.C.Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.D.Makingpreparationforherwedding.24.A.Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B.Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.C.Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D.Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.25.A.HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B.Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C.Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife.D.HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A.Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B.theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C.Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D.Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansorwaterrecreation.27.A.Waterscooteroperatorslackofexperience.BVacationersdisregardofwatersafetyrules.C.Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D.Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.28.A.Theyscarewhalestodeath.B.Theyproducetoomuchnoise.C.Theydischargetoxicemissions.D.Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife.29.A.Expandoperatingareas.B.Restrictoperatinghours.C.Limittheuseofwaterscooters.D.Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A.theyarestable.B.Theyareclose.C.Theyarestrained.D.Theyarechanging.31.A.Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B.Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C.Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D.Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.32.A.Countoneachotherforhelp.B.Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.C.Keepafriendlydistance.D.Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A.Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.B.ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C.Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D.Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.A.Itislessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B.Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C.Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D.ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.35.A.Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers.B.Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C.Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D.Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Iminterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedoneifweareto(36)_asacountry.Icertainlydontknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlyget(37)_inahurrywhenyougetintothem.ButIwonderifsomethingcouldntbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingImconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting(38)_injailwhohaventharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystem(39)_theycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof(40)_anotherdebtbygoingtoprisonandofcoursecomingoutthe(41)_ofhardenedcriminals.Imalsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare(42)_forseriouscrimes.Ofcourseonealternativetothisisto(43)_capitalpunishment.ButImnotsureIwouldbeforthat.Imnotsureitsrighttotakeaneyeforaneye.(44)_.Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanityplea.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherpersonslifeintentionallyisinsane.However,(45)_.Itsaidofcoursethatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislifeor(46)_.PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofch0icesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour