A knowledge of how to reduce mental pressure 英语论文.doc

a knowledge of how to reduce mental pressurecontentsabstract21 current situation of peoples mental pressure32 the causes of mental pressure42.1 social factors42.2 environmental factors62.3 personal factors73 how to reduce mental pressure83.1 physical methods83.2 mental methods83.3 make time for fun84 conclusions9work cited10abstractwith the accelerated pace of modern life,mental pressure emerges in peoples field more and more frequently. the psychological pressure is namely mental pressure and everyone has experience in modern life.mental pressure generally has three sources:society,life and competition. pressure appears everywhere in our life and it is quite true that the pressure inspires the motivation,but the pressure beyond the mental capacity can lead to psychological imbalance,depression,anxiety and other psychological diseases. above all, mental pressure is an inevitable part in our normal life. too much stress can seriously affect our physical and mental health,so we should have a knowledge of how to reduce mental pressure.the degree of pressure is positively correlated with the development of the times and peoples education levels.in the age of extreme shortage of material, few talked about the pressure.even in the present era that competition is very intense, those who talk a lot about the pressure is not those who lack of substances but those material and spiritual life is no shortage, such as employees, intellectuals especially the college students and so on. this paper aims at the mental pressure in modern life, including current situation of peoples mental pressure,the causes of mental pressure and how to reduce mental pressure.key words：mental pressure, modern life, stress.1 current situation of peoples mental pressurein 2010,from january 23 the first suicide of foxconn employee to november 5, 2010, the number had reached 14 ,which had caused the concern of the community and the world. according to a survey of china social investigation, 26% of the college students interviewed have the thought of suicide1. the other exact statistics show that in 2008, only in those directly under the ministry universities 63 college students suicide incidents happened and only in the first half of 2009, there were 14 cases of beijing college studentssuicide. in 2010, only chongqing university had six students who have commit suicide. in a survey of college students causes of accidental death, suicide, accidental death, traffic accidents, kidnapping, drowning, other reasons account for 23%, 22%, 45%, 2%, 4%, 4% respectively, which shows that suicide become the first leading cause of suicide of the employees and the college students2.the causes of the college studentsaccidental death2 the causes of mental pressurein an increasingly complex modern society, people bear the pressure from all sides, which leads to a variety of psychological problems.in view of the more and more serious psychological problems in current situation, first of all we should analyse the causes of mental pressure, and then propose the measures about how to reduce mental pressure. generally speaking, the causes of mental pressure in modern life have three main aspects:social factors,environmental factors and personal factors6.2.1 social factorstodays society is an age of anxiety which is constantly undergoing rapid and significant change. poor social environment can cause people adverse social behavior. when the individuals level of competence can not adapt to the needs of the external environment, they will feel lower self-confidence, anxiety, and other negative emotions, which may cause all sorts of mental pressure. social development mental pressure owing to social development mainly caused by the following aspects:a. we must accelerate the pace of life to cope with the rapid development of society, resulting in mental pressure.b. the high technology development and explosive knowledge required to update are forcing people to continue their education and constantly learn new knowledge, resulting in mental pressure.c. the intense competitionand, the desire to higher achievement and the eager to business success can result in mental pressure.d. urbanization, industrialization, concentrated population can result in mental pressure3. technology development with the arrival of the information age, information technology becomes more widespread and integrated into more aspects of our life. for example, in a enterprise, information technology has made significant changes on production design, management control, decision-making and organizational design. today, enterprise and managers would find it difficult or impossible to function without information systems, information technology has played an important role in production and management. computers have helped businesses tackle data collection operations, transaction handling, and report creation. all managers perform tasks such as writing, scheduling, calculating, and performance graphing. one of the most powerful uses of information systems lies in helping managers with these needed applications. information systems are the key to maintaining, searching, analyzing transactions, making decisions, and cutting costs. but the new information technology fundamentally changes an organizations structure and communications. with these changes, employees work under more mental pressure and therefore the employees mental health should not be neglected. many studies have focused attention on peoples mental health problems in the information age. an employers gathering of informationand the characterization of mental problems are crucial for success of the mitigation effort: managers should devote careful attention to their employees mental health.at the same time, there is a need for specialized staff support, training for managers and employees, and a redefinition of jobs. however, not all information system should be accessible to all employees, which deeply affecting employees work and life. it has also made employees work under greater mental pressure and sense of anxiety and pessimism. managers need to consider the effects of various new problems aroused by information technology, including overcoming resistance to the use of computers, empolyees mental pressure and security of information,because empolyees mental health is the key to success of an enterprise.when information technology completely changes an employees way of work, mental health becomes most important. employees mental health has several aspects as follows: a. resistance to new technology as each new technology is introduced, new standards and new rules are created, some employees will be afraid of losing their jobs and benefits, so they can exclude the new technology . b. dismay and panic many employees lack the mental preparation. while they are well acquainted with their work before the technology change, when the change comes, they tend to feel dismay and fear. this phenomenon is especially prevalent among employees of age 35-60 years. these employees particularly may lack training in computer usage, and, as a result cannot adapt easily to the new work environment and methods. additionally, information systems can disrupt their quiet lives-even the very rhythm of their life and their work efficiency may suffer. with the notion of incompetence come the loss of courage and self-confidence. employees will tend to increase pessimism and fear. c. feel anxious and take a passive attitude in the past, some enterprises provided a form of lifetime employment guarantee to their workers. as long as the workers continued to do their jobs and remained loyal to the enterprise, their jobs were secure. even in more difficult times, when employees were laid off, they were often encouraged (through extensions of unemployment benefits) to wait until the economy improved when they could be rehired. today, in almost every industry and in many nations, enterprises increasingly rely on a temporary workforce. individuals are hired for specific skills and tasks. so the workers will become anxious and uncomfortable in their work and life. some of these employees are dissociated from information technology . they may feel anxious and take a passive attitude to their work.d. risks to mental health enterprises are increasingly required to improve productivity, which means that each year managers must increase production without increasing the number of workers. employees must perform more tasks and lower cost.although information technology is critical to this improvement, the employees work time and efficiency must be extended. then some diseases related to computer work may arise,including irascibility, hostility, impatience, and mental fatigue4. change of ideologyin the new era of reform and opening process, we will gradually establish a new system, new concepts to replace the old and obsolete system,concepts.reform and opening up is a kind of change in which both the internal and external environment change. when people can not cope with this change ,or feel this change is a threat, they will feel the pressure of change. as society develops, peoples values and the living structure have taken place great changes.for example,the traditional view is that several generations live in a crowded family,however in the modern family generations own independent living5.2.2 environmental factorspeople can not live off the environment. environment not only supports peoples daily operations, but also limit the possibility of human activities.people will take the initiative to create an environment and give the environment a personal or social significance. however, if the environment interferes with peoples normal life, it could bring pressure, such as stress, anxiety, fear, or depression. pressure affect not only the individual, but also on family, community and society. having a knowledge of the sources of environmental stress can make us more effective adaptation to ensure peoples mental health. some sources of stress are long-standing, for example, the noise along the railway, and some are accidental but intense, such as earthquakes or floods. some stressors can be clearly predicted,and some could not easily anticipated. some stressors are easier to control, such as indoor air temperature and some stressors are difficult to control. the impact of different environmental stressors on the human is different, so we should treated differently. natural disasters natural disasters are abnormal phenomena in the nature and their harm to human is often horrifying,such as some sudden disasters including earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslides, tsunamis, typhoons, floods and so on,and some disasters of gradual change over a longer time including land subsidence, land desertification, drought, shoreline change and so on. natural disasters can cause stress, anxiety, depression and other emotional and perceptual problems. in floods, tornadoes, hurricanes and other naturaldisasters, the victims show evil thoughts, anxiety, depression and other emotional problems which can last a year. understanding the causes of these disasters and minimizing the harm in a scientific sense have become acommon theme in international community7. environmental pollution as science and technology advance and the improvement of living standards, environmental pollution is also increasing, especially in developing countries. environmental pollution has increasingly become a common task for all countries in the world. for example, people living in cities, are often eager to get rid of from crowded traffic and the noise of building site and aircraft , and free themselves in the countryside or nature. noise refers to the sound that people do not want to hear, but it can not predict and control and its volume is more than 80 decibels . it will make our stimulus overload, result in pressure and lead to a series of negative consequences: the performance of disorders, attention lax, unresponsive, irritable ,serious hearing damage and so on. in addition, air pollution would be extremely harmful to the survival environment, and we can be aware of some air pollution,such as,car exhaust, factory emissions and so on, while some air pollution we can not be aware of, such as,air, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen and so on. long-term exposure to air pollution will lead to headaches, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, gastrointestinal disorders, memory loss, weakened vision and hearing and other symptoms ,even cancer. life stress life stress also can lead to mental pressure,such as low income,high price ,overcrowd and so on. for example, in a crowded environment, people will increase the chance of friction and more easily trigger some negative emotions, such as,irritability, depression, anxiety, and even aggressive behavior. its worth noting that recently food safety incidents occur frequently,dyed steam buns,lean meat powder and so on. the foodpoisoning, deaths and other events caused by food safety problems will lead to social instability, and thus might lead to mentalpressure of the mass.2.3 personal factorsthe generation of peoples mental pressure is related to not only external factors , but also their own factors. personality personality is hidden behind the mask which is the true nature of a person and everyone has his own unique personality. facing different types of events, different personalities may react differently. in daily life,little things can cause great emotional fluctuations for some people who can show the tension and anxiety.however,some people may still be calm even though they suffered some major setbacks, or even disasters. health disease is one of the main factors of the causes of mental pressure which has brought a lot of inconvenience to work, life and learning,so thsoe who suffer from an illness always feel inadequate and that they cannot use of their talents. social relations often arguing with others, the cold war, behind snitch and not livin