英语六大句式及十大从句类型.doc

一、 句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词如： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 二、句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词) 当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式） 她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 四、句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有： buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。 句型六：There be + 主语 + 其它 这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致： 1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground第一：定语从句。定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。 先行词和引导词 被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词； 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。 引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。 关系副词有：when,where,why。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.第二：状语从句。在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。 状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等。在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。第三：宾语从句。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。 宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。第四：同位语从句。在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列， 补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句， 被称为同位语从句。Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。第五：主语从句。一 what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等连接代词引导的主语从句 以that, whether从属连词引导的主语从句 以 when,where,how,why等连接副词引导的主语从句第六：强调句: It is + 被强调的内容 + thatEg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。第七：倒装句。Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。第八：被动语态。Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。第九：分词结构：包括现在分词和过去分词。Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。第十：插入语。一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。Eg: