2015年职称英语理工B阅读+完型重点文章 考前划范围 考场版 零基础可用.doc

ford abandons electric vehicles汽车公司停止生产（given up）阅读理解电池动力汽车不会是工具（not be）toyota and nissan仍在生产（toyota and nissan）混合动力汽车里程更长（more miles）汽车生产商希望允许生产更多（allow more）world crude oil production may peak a decade earlier than some predict点燃很刺激（stimulated）石油产量峰值时开始下降（decline after global）现实准确（realistic）新研究成果2014年（in 2014）赫尔伯特模型科威特（kuwaiti）citizen scientists生态学家需要数据（data）公民科学家要交数据库（database）一个公民科学家（a citizen scientist）只有budburst计划（only）目的是气候（climate）motoring technology事故与新燃料（new fuels）交通事故司机的失误（ mistakes）安全设施不包括挡风玻璃（windscreens）实现机器人司机还要时间（take some time）late-night drinking咖啡是刺激物（stimulant）咖啡减半（halves）三段在睡觉（on sleep）四段少激素（less hormone）作者吃晚饭（supper）making light of sleep闹钟24小时周期（cycle of 24 hours）二段青春期（adolescents）三段很不利（bad effect）四五闹钟与自动（alarm clock automatically）最后两段眼睛有一个（had one）sugar power for cell phones1段细胞大量生产（ mass production）维持酶（ keeping enzymes）5段葡萄糖进入袋子（glucose pocket）燃料细胞是开始（ beginning）最后一段需要时间（time）eiffel is an eyeful艾菲尔铁塔来涂鸦（scribble）浪费时间很奇怪（wasting time ）richard有数字（747，19，4）建塔目的是研究（ research）创造想象（imagine）egypt felled by famine金字塔有文明（civilisation）气候对灭亡负责（climate）正确的是两河分支（white and blue）旱灾期过后衰败（after drought）单词是破坏（damaging）young female chimps outlearn their brothers捕白蚁母亲教（mothers）工具是蔬菜（vegetables）雌猩猩捕更多（females，more）雄猩猩是猎手和斗士（fighters and hunters）捕食猴子不正确（hunt monkeys）when our eyes serve our stomach第一段饱食了（stomach-full）要延迟两组（two groups）作者说大脑（brains）实验结果闪太快（too fast）推断出需要（need）florida hit by cold air mass一二段没提温度（temperature）第二段南佛罗里达降温（south florida）king被寒流袭击（sudden cold）governor jeb来鼓励（encourage）最后一段弗罗里达（florida）invisibility ring哈利波特搞发明（invent）微波波长长（longer）隐形装置反射光（bounce off）coaster去保护（protect）隐形斗篷与微波（microwaves）japanese car keeps watch for drunk drivers概念车与引擎（ignition system）volvo呼汽酒精监测器（breathalyzer）第4段是否需要（needs）doi减少死亡率（fatality rate）第6段车将自动（automatically）winged robot learns to fly第二段有数据（data）机器人获得高度（gained height）机器人不会飞（never really fly）运动探测仪测高度（movement detector）最后一段都是对的（all the above）japanese drilling into core of earthunzen山1991爆发（1991）预测不是目的（predicting）原因有活火山（ living volcanoes）地点在半山腰（half way up the mountain）标题是中心的孔（a hole）a sunshade for the planet前2段科学家们有办法（some options）不想人们认为已解决（solved）美沙酮很有效（effective）stephen涂防晒霜（sunscreen）防晒霜不减少（decreases）thirst for oil克服依赖因为石油减少（ decreasing）第2段没说环境不好（environmentally unfriendly）美国消费汽油最大（the united states）专家们说能源危机（energy crisis）燃料不使海平面上升（sea level）musical robot companion enhances listener experience前三段shimi不是发明者（creator）shimi会选择（selects）shimi有创新（creative）作者描述研究中心（research center）weinberg想象shimi进家庭（in homes）explorer of the extreme deepalvin是潜艇（submersible）6,500不对（6,500）海洋很神秘（the ocean）hov和alvin形似（shape）hov和alvin两种不同（both） plant gas沼气缺氧（oxygen-free）测沼气要氧浓度相同（halves）温度与释放量成正比（on sleep）沼气没有微生物（microbes）沼气有益是更少（less）snowflakes教授认为没有相同（the same）六边形最简单（six-sided）湿温度最影响（humidity and temperature）作者在欣赏（admires）教授不能制造相同（exactly alike）powering a city? its a breeze荷兰木木（wooden）涡轮机高科技（high-tech）最小的不用吊车（without a crane）荷兰国小人多（small，large）风力发电安在后院（installed，backyard）underground coal fires a looming catastrophe警告污染（pollute）地热自燃（its own，fire and burns ）教授谈煤火（coal fires）发现监测不正确（detected and monitored）控制切断（cutting off）eat to live eat to live童年减肥不正确（childhood）二段证明影响（effect）老鼠得炎症（inflammation）老年老鼠最有兴趣（old age）后两段节食（dieting）male and female pilots cause accidents differently大学研究关系（relation）性别差异不正确（gender differences）研究者进行研究（ studied）女飞行员起飞或降落失控（and stalling ）男女对比男易错（ decision-making）driven to distraction不开车不可能撞到人（impossible）三四段全正确（all）五段有处理（deal with）六段有方法（best ways）男爱笼统女爱线路（general，route）sleep lets brain file memories睡眠帮助记忆吗？（useful order）新皮海马相作用（work together）第四段很穷（ poorer）越萎缩记忆越差（more shrinks ,poorer ）健身水平（levels）iii be bach大卫编古典（classical）大卫创歌剧（opera）大卫编数据（database）作曲家创旋律（melodies ）艾米是软件（software）艾米更辛苦（more work）digital realm语音识别在初级（initial stage）第二段有思想（our thoughts）发展数码（development ，digital world）四段什么都有（all of the above）个性市场满足需要（tailored）hurricane katrina飓风眼有中心（central）二段温暖又平静（ warm and calm）drive三段来提供（supply）热带低压（low ）经济大萧条不正确（great depression）mind-reading machine神经元发送信息（neurons）大脑开发不是作者意思（brain develops）句意被标记（marking）两人实验（two）标题有扫描（scanned）experts call for local and regional control of sites for radioactive waste替换请撤消（canceling）地方政府去安置（local people and states）决定被接受不正确（accepted）四段地点来适应（suit）意思来自地方（regional ）utterly=totallyvague=unclearvigorous=energeticvirtually=almostwitty=smart（理工类）14年完形填空第一篇captain cook arrow legend(库克船长弓箭的传说)it was a great legend while it lasted, but dna testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of british explorer captain james cook who died in the sandwich islands in 1779.“there is no cook in the australian museum,” museum collection manager jude philip said not long ago in announcing the dna evidence that the arrow was not made of cooks bone. but that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, “uncovered: treasures of the australian museum,” which does include a feather cape presented to cook by hawaiian king kalaniopuu in 1778.cook was one of britains great explorers and is credited with discovering the “great south land,” now australia, in 1770. he was clubbed to death in the sandwich islands, now hawaii.the legend of cooks arrow began in 1824 when hawaiian king kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to william adams, a london surgeon and relative of cooks wife, saying it was made of cooks bone after the fatal fight with islanders.in the 1890s the arrow was given to the australian museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.dna testing by laboratories in australia and new zealand revealed the arrow was not made of cooks bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said philp.however, cooks fans refuse to give up hope that one cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of cooks body was buried at sea in 1779. “on this occasion technology has won,” said cliff thornton, president of the captain cook society, in a statement from britain. “but i am sure that one of these days one of the cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”avalanche and its safety(雪崩和安全问题)an avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.all avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a numberof factors.terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on flat slopes. human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest is between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. the rule of thumb is : a slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. additionally, avalanche risk increases with use; that is , the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, thd more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. good avalanche safety is a continuous process, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather conditions, and human factors. several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. if local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.giant structures(巨型建筑)it is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more wonderful constructions appear.here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.the petronas twin towerthe petronas towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.with a height of 452 metres;the tall twin owers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of kuala lumpur.at the 41 flool,the towers are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city.the american architect cesar pelli designed the skyscrapers.constructed of high-strength concrete,the building provides around 1800 square metres of office space on every floor.and it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.other features of this impressive building include double-deckder lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.the millau bridgethe millau bridge was opened in 2004 in the tarn valley, in southern france. at the time it was built, it was the worlds highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. the bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridge in the world. it was built to relieve millaus congestion problems. the congestion was then caused by traffic passing from paris to barcelona in spain. the bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!the itaipu damthe itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. it consists of a series of dams across the river parana, which forms a natural border between brazil and paraguay. started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two countries. the dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. in 1995 it produced 78% of paraguays and 25% of brazils energy needs. in its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 eiffel towers. it is a truly amazing wonder of engineering.animals “sixth sense”(动物的”第六感”)a tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the indian ocean in december, 2004. it killed tens of thousands of people in asia and east africa. wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. this phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said.sri lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24000 people along the indian ocean islands coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“no elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. i think animals can sense disaster. they have a sixth sense. they know when things are happening,” h.d. ratnayake, deputy director of sri lankas wildlife department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. the waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at yala national park in the ravaged southeast, sri lankas biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“there has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. but it has not been proven,” said matthew van lierop, an animal behavior specialist at johannesburg zoo.“there have been no specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting,” he told reuters. other authorities concurred with this assessment.“wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said clive walker, who has written several books on african wildlife.animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.the notion of an animal “sixth sense” or some other mythical power is an enduring one which the evidence on sri lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to.the romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.singing alarms could save the blind(警报器救盲人)if you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. a company in leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capalbe of guiding you to the exit.sound alert, a company run by the university of leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in cumbria. the alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.deborah withington of sound alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. “it is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “its life-saving potential is great.”she conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. it took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. she says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. alarms based on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.the alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. they were developed with the aid of a large grant from british nuclear fuels.car thieves could be stopped remotely(远程制止偷车贼)speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. but he is in a nasty surprise. the car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.for now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. but remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the uk in two months.the idea goes like this. a control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a gps satellite positioning receiver. if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.there are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.in the uk, an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “the pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says martyn rand all of thatcham, a security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.he says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. but only if the car is more than 10 years old.modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key. in the uk, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.but determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. in 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken by using the owners keys, which doubles the previous years figure.remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointless. a group that includes thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the customer expects.an intelligent car(智能汽车)driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. but how does an intelligent car control itself?there is a virtual driver in the smart car. this virtual driver has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too. the minicameras on each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. they watch the traffic to the cars left and right. there is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. it is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers “brain”. his “brain” calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. in this way, the virtual driver controls his car.what is the virtual drivers best advantage? he reacts quickly. the minicameras are sending images continuously to the “brain.” it completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. however, the worlds best driver at least needs one second to react. besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.the virtual driver is really wonderful. he can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. in this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? experts warn that we cannot d