2011高考英语必看之-状语.ppt

状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况, 程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以 由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。 过去分词可以作哪些状语? 1.asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. 时间 2.given more time, ill catch up with you. 条件 3.born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there. 原因 4.although defeated many times, they continued to fight. 让步 5.the teacher stood there surrounded by the students. 伴随 6. she begins to cry loudly as if bitten by a snake. 方式 过去分词常表示被动的或已完成的动作, 可用作 时间，条件、原因、让步或伴随情况的状语。 有时在其前还可以带上连词 1. when he was asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. ( when) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. (时间) 2. if i am given more time, ill catch up with you. (if) given more time, ill catch up with you. (条件) .分词作状语,可以补充完整为相应的状语从句 . 3. when/if water is heated, water turns into steam. (时间或条件) (when/if) heated, water turns into steam. (需带连词，以区别when, if) 4. once it is used, it will never be sold again. once used, it will never be sold again. 5. because he was born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there. born and brought up in the village, (原因) 6. although they had been defeated many times, they continued to fight. (让步) although defeated many times, 7. she begins to cry loudly as if she has/had been bitten by a snake. she begins to cry loudly as if bitten by a snake. (方式，as if 不能省略) 8. the woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants. (伴随状语,没有状语从句可以代替) note 1: 从句多用被动语态， 即：过去分词与主语在逻辑上的被动关系。 试比较： 1. when visiting london at night, you are a bit like in a dream. =when you visit london 2. when visited at night, you must make sure the visitor is really your friend. =when you are visited note 2: 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子 的主语。 ( f )seen from the hill, we can see a beautiful park. ( t )seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. ( f )settled in a friendly way, they ended their quarrel. ( t )settled in a friendly way, their quarrel ended. the boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. 独立主格结构,经常表示伴随. note 3: 习惯表达作插入语起评注说明作用，用 法固定，不必考虑逻辑上的关系，常用的有： generally / strictly speaking; judging from considering; given 考虑到; supposing that; talking of 说到，谈到； seeing that 由于； generally speaking, men can run faster than women. given her interest in children, im sure teaching is the right career for her. (using structures, page 57) answer key for exercise 1: 1. well-known for his books about south africa, j m coetzee won the booker prize. 2. a princess once owned a magical chair made of gold and silver. 3. on his birthday he received a mysterious present wrapped in gold paper. 4. interrupted by the bell, he was unable to finish his speech. 5. awakened by a noise at midnight, she saw a thief in her room. 6. seated, she climbed mount qomolangma. 1. do you know the boy at the back of the room. a. sat b. sit c. seating d. seated 2. mr.smith, _of the _ speech, started to read a novel. a. tired, boring b. tiring, bored c. tired, bored d. tiring, boring 3. _ in her finest skirt, the girl tried to make herself _at the party. a. dressing, noticed b. dressed, noticing c. dressing, noticing d. dressed, noticed 4.he should at least answer when _. a. speaking b. spoken c. spoken to d. speaking to 5. what do you think made mary so sad? _ her new bike. a. as she lost b. lost c. losing d. lost 7. the time they have been looking forward to _ arrived. a. had b. have c. has d. having 8. is this the tv set which you wish _? a. to have it repaired b. to repair it c. to have repaired d. to be repaired 9. she came in, _ by a group of children. a. followed b. following c. to follow d. follow 10. if _ to a high temperature, water can be turned into steam. a. heat b. heating c. heated d. heats 11. the girl was sitting there, _in deep thought. a. losing b. lost c. to d. lose 12. _ his father had come, his face lit up. a. having heard b. when he heard c. heard d. when hearing 13. _ delicious, the noodles _ by the old man sell well. a. tasting, making b. taste; made c. tasted; made d. tasting; made 14. _ him busy , i said i would call him again. a. to find b. finding c. found d. as finding 15. _ they were poor, she didnt ask them for money a. to know b. knowing c. known d. as knowing 16. _ across the street, you must be careful. a. when walking b. to walk c. walk d. walked 17. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. a. compare b. when comparing c. comparing d. when compared 18. having been attacked by terrorists(恐怖分子), _. a. warnings were given to tourists b. the tall building collapsed（倒塌） c. an emergency measure was taken 20. -why_ to the museum with me? -thats a good idea. a. not to go b. not go c. dont go d. not going 21. prices of goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buying 22. this is the watch i had _ yesterday. a. it repaired b. it to be repaired c. repaired d. repairing 23. his _ look showed that he didnt expect it. a. surprised b. surprising c.was surprised d. was surprising 24. _ with cancer has made me realize _ precious life is. a. living; what b. living; how c. live; how d. lived; what 25. the cloth wont stand _. a. washing b. to wash c. wash d. to be washed 26. _ to the sunlight for too long, you will have your skin _. a. exposed; harming b. exposed; harmed c. being exposed; harmed d. being exposed; harming 28. _ from the space, the earth looks like a ball. a. seen b. saw c. seeing d. being seen 30. the repairs cost a lot, but it is money well _. a. to spend b. spent c. being spent d. spending 31. it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. a. questioning b. having questioned c. questioned d. to be questioned 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景 或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。 一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。 a、表示时间 seen from the space, the earth looks blue. when it is seen from space, the earth looks blue. b、表示条件 kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. if they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. c、表示原因 d、表示伴随情况 deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. as they were deeply moved, the children began to cry. she walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. she walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter. e、表示让步 beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 过去分词1.作状语 _ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. a. losing b. having lost c. lost d. to lose c 1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词 -ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是 主句主语。 2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， a.lose oneself in thought b. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构b. ex2 on p20 1. i was frightened by the loud noise. i went to see what was happening. frightened by the loud noise, i went to see what was happening. 2. he was hit by the lack of fresh air. he got a bad headache. hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache. 3. i felt very tired after the long journey. i still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station. tired after the long journey, i still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station. 4. the little girl was frightened by the noise outside. the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. 5. the museum was built in 1910. the museum is almost 100 years old. built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old. 6. the student was given some advice by the famous scientist. the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more. given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more. 1._ a reply, he decided to write again. a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received c 2. before _, the machine must be checked. a.being used b. using it c. being used to d. using a 3. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. a. giving; given b. given; given c. giving; giving d. given; giving d 4. unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited a 5. _ from heart trouble for years, professor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. a. suffered b. suffering c. having suffered d. being suffered c 6. _ many times, the problems were settled at last. a. discussing b. being discussed d. after discussing d. discussed d 7. generally speaking,