定语从句关系代词的用法.ppt

The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解（） 学习目标： 1明确并理解概念：定语从句，关系词。 2掌握关系词的功能并能准确灵活运用。 思考一：什么是定语从句 ？ 什么是先行词？ 什么是关系词？ 关系词的功能是什么？ The car that is under the tree is mine. 先行词 放置于名词之_，修饰 名词的从句 关系词 连接作用1. 2. 在从句中充当成分 后 3 指代先行词 树下的那辆车是我的。 thatThe car 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的 名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先 行词的后面。 1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass 先行词 定语从句 the exam. 主句: The students will not pass the exam. 2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our 先行词 定语从句 English teacher. 主句:The woman is our English teacher. 从句的主语：you 从句的宾语： whom 思考二：引导定语从句的引导词有 哪些？ 组成成分： 先行词+关系词+从句 关系代词与关系副词 关系代词: 指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格) 指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格) 指人或物:that as 关系副词: when, where, why 思考三 关系词与先行词的 关系？ 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. her The lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that 关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =when in the house= where for the reasons =why in the way =that 关系副词实际上是介词先行词 先行词和关系词的关系 1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home. in the school = where 关系副词实际上是介词先行词 the machine = that the boy =who the boys =whose 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的 所有格 总结 归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。 that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。 1) A plane is a machine _ can fly. 2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students _ dont study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman _ you saw in the park is our English teacher. 5) He talked happily about the men and books_ _ interested him greatly in the school. which/that which/that/ / / who/that whom/that/ / / that Fill in the blanks. 1. I still remember the day _ we spent in the forest. 2. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing. 3. The factory _ we will visit is large. 4. The factory _ his father works is large. 5. Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm. 6. This is the house _ we lived last year. that/which when/on which that/which where when/at which where/in which 归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点, 在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若 作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which. Join two sentences into one: The boy is my brother. He helped me. 1. The boy who helped me is my brother. The film is interesting. They saw it last night. 2. The film they saw last night is interesting. The students will not pass the exam. They dont work hard. 3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam. 1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week? the one This factory is the one that we visited last week? 3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for 4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily. 归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when which where which why that/which 几种易混的情况 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解（） 学习目标： 1解读考纲，明确考点。 2掌握并准确运用定语从句。 3学习掌握非限制定语从句。 考纲解读： 定语从句的考查要点： 1关系词的使用，特别是which ,that ,when ,where 等。 2介词和关系词连用时，介词的选用。 3以as 引导的定语从句。 4只用that 的情况。 5只用which 的情况。 6定语从句与强调句型的区别。 定语从句 200812 200915 201011 考点分布 命题趋势 高考将继续重视对复合句的考查 ，试题将着重对定语从句中相关 基础知识的考察。 突破方法： 1从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加 强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考， 形成纯正的思维能力。如不能形成这种 思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语 问题，大量失误是在所难免的。 2加强对非限制定语从句的学习。在平 日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后， 将典型的 从句分门别类，整理建档，以 备考前复习巩固。 定语从句复习 定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句的构成 The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works. 关系代词 关系副词 先行词 之后,用陈述式语序 “.的” 关系词 1.从句位置及语序: 2.翻译方法: 3.构成 非限制性定语从句 The town ,where I live, is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. Teachers ,who are kind ,are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. Please compare: 形式作用能否省略 翻译译 限制性定 语语从句 非限制性 定语语从句 插入成分 修饰限定 补充解释 不能 能 .的 Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 心地善良的老师受学生欢迎。 （说明老师有很多类型） 限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略 王老师受学生欢迎，他心地善良。 他指代明确 His brother who is a soldier is coming next week. His brother ,who is a soldier ,is coming next week. 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. 4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers. This which whom them that 1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book. which 考点一that 和which That 和which 只用that不用which的情况 1）先行词为 all,much,little,something,everything,anything,noth ing,none,the one,等 eg.well do all that we could do to help you. 2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,the last, few ,just修 饰时。 This train is the last train that will go to beijing. 3) 先行词前有序数词和形容词最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read. 4)先行词既有人又有物的时候。 The people and the happy time that I had in that village influnced me a lot. 5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已 用which，另外一个用that。 They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. 6)当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从 句中也做表语的。 Shanghai is no longer the city that used to be. 7)当先行词为集体名词时，多用that引导。 He wants to join the team that won the game. 1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2Is there anything else_you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it 4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom A B B B 5.There is no dictionary_you can find . A.that B.which C.where D.in that 6.This is one of the best books_. This is the only one of the best books_ A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written A A B 7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.where 8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong B A B 10.The scientist and his achievements_ you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose 11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whose B C 只用which不用that的情况 1)在非限制定语从句中。 2)动词短语中的介词提前时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 3)先行词本身是that时。 What is that which flashed in the sky just now. 4)引导词后面有插入语的情况。 Here is the book which, as you know, I like best. 先行词是指人的不定代词时，连接词只用 who不用that的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词one,anyone ,no one, all,nobody,anybody,none,those. People all like those who have good manners. 2)There be 结构中 There is a Mr.Wang who wants to see you. 3) 先行词与关系词相距较远时 The man is coming who wants to see you. 注意 考点二 as 引导的定语从句 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all that the earth is round. It which / as As It as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected 定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1) This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost. Please compare: 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 这本书就是我丢的那本。 as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2) This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it. as that Please complete the following sentences and compare: as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句) 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句) As 和which 注意: as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句, 如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换. 主句与从句有因果时用which as 引导的从句可以放在句首。 as 本身有“正如正象”. 一类的含 义. 与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等. 在the sameas such.as.中as引导的是限制性定语从 句. 1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As 2.Such signs_we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is 3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who 4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.as D A C D 5.It was raining,_was a pity. A.what B.that C.the which D.which 6._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As 7.We do the same work_they do. A.which B.as C.than D.like 8.The earth is round,_we all know. A.that B.which C.who D. as D D B D 考点三 介词+关系代词的定语从句 介词+关系代词的情况 1 The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away. to in A 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 介词+关系代词的情况 2 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. on the day =when in the house= where =on which =in which B与先行词的搭配关系 与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper. on which during which in which by which 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _ she often talks? for which on which from which about which 注意表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介 词of, 有时可用whose转换。 1) There are 100 teachers in our school, _ 60 are women teachers. 2) He has three children, two _ work as teachers. 3) That table has four legs, all _ are very short. 4) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round. Im painting a house whose roof is. 5) They live in a house ,_ windows face south.They live in a house, the windows_ _ face south. of whom of whom of which of which whose of which 考点四.定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。 例如： 1. Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. ( as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。 2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I, 谓语用am.)。 3. He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代the students) 他是被表扬的学生之一。 4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指the only one) 他是唯一被表扬的学生。 考点五 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句 1.定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的”。 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句 同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词， 如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中 作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位 语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句 中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. (定语从句，that 作told 的宾语) 2. 定语从句与状语从句。 试比较： He left the key where it had been an hour before. (where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句,suchthat “如此以致”) 3定语从句与主语从句。 试比较： As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句) 4定语从句与强调结构。试比较： It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语 从句中作地点状语) It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句为强调结构，可还原为 I met the young man in the house.) 1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich 2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which 3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C whose D of which 4. This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something