XX县二十万亩毛竹低产林改造建设项目可研.doc

various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.At what time did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 Whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reason that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazif in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.Lesson91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! Lesson92 Asking for trouble 自找麻烦It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night.So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? Well, Id prefer to stay here, I said. You see, Ive forgotten my key.Your what ? he called.My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Lesson93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.Lesson94 Future champions 未来的冠军Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water, It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on theXX县二十万亩毛竹低产林改造建设项目 可行性报告XX县二十万亩毛竹低产林改造项目可行性报告一、其实实施的必要性的可行性1.必要性XX县是XX地区重点产竹大县，现有毛竹林面积48.8万亩，立竹量4283万根，毛竹资源占全区1/3有余。县委、县政府根据市场经济规律要求，立足县情，为加快我县特色农业的发展，制定了以毛竹为主导产业的发展方略，充分发挥本地毛竹资源优势，变资源优势为经济优势，确保“山上再造”工程顺利实施。2.可行性气候适宜，基地建设区属中亚热带温湿性气候，年均气温14.619.1，年降雨量2000mm左右，无霜期233天，日照时间充足，雨量充沛，适用毛竹生长。立地条件好，资源面积连片，便于科技推广和集约经营。山场土层深厚，腐殖质含量高，肥力等级好，适宜建立毛竹丰产林某地。社会条件优越，基地区内劳力充足，人多田少，靠山吃山，劳力投入有保障。而且该区内群众有很高的积极性并有丰富的经营毛竹的经验，交通便利都利于毛竹资源的开发。县竹地板厂、武夷山竹业有限公司等竹制品加工厂需消耗大量的毛竹，为我县毛竹增值创造了有利条件。二、基地建设经济指标和实施年限1.经济指标基地建设具有“投资少、见效快、效益好”的特点，通过人工丰产林技术改造，某地内现在亩均106根增加到200根，平均眉径由现在8.3cm增加到9.0cm，基地建成后，亩年均产值达600元以上的丰产林标准。2.实施年限20万亩毛竹丰产林分三批实施，即2002年7万亩，2003年7万亩，2004年6万亩。基地建设单位、面积、实施年度表单位：亩单 位现有毛竹面积年度实施面积200220032004合 计367280700007000060000篁 碧24690470047004000天柱山46810900090008000武夷山镇60000120001200010000黄岗山镇32000600060005000英 将44730800080007300紫 溪10150200020001600港 东27210500050004400杨 林13230250025002100稼 轩14640280028002400太 源20760400040003400陈 坊47130900090007600湖 坊25930500050004200三、组织管理和主要技术措施1.组织管理(1)本项目主管单位为XX县林业局，。(2)毛竹丰产林基地建设项目负责人为施工负责人为各单位乡(镇)长；技术队伍由县林业局和林业工作站成员组成。(3)项目郊外筹集单位为XX县林业局，由林业局统一争取投资和贷款，然后转资和转贷，给承担实施项目任务的乡(镇)。林业局与各乡(镇)采取租赁联营或其它的补偿贸易形式实行“共同改造、共担风险、效益分析”的原则，确保基地建成出效。2.主要技术措施(1)劈山：即每年6-7月，全面清理林内的杂灌和杂草，伐蔸要求不超过10cm，同时砍除细弱竹、畸形竹、病虫竹、为梢竹等践次毛竹以提高林分质量。(2)垦复：每隔两年全垦一次，时间在7-8月，要求坡度25度以下的山场进行；松土深约15-20cm，挖除林地内的树桩、竹蔸、老鞭，促进土壤改良，提高蓄水蓄肥能力。对坡度超过25度的山场则采取带状垦复的方法进行。(3)施肥：竹林施肥，最好以饼肥或猪、牛粪肥为主。每亩施猪、牛粪肥约500-1000公斤，施有机肥应结合垦复，采用沟施、穴施均可，施后即盖土。沟施深度25-30cm，每亩需尿素20公斤为宜，磷肥50公斤。另外每年2-3月发芽期和7-8月妥笋期，应分别施1-2次速效催芽肥和排芽肥即按氮:磷:钾为5:1:2效果更好。有条件的地方，可在林地上铺盖稻草、谷壳、锯末等覆盖物，以提高林地内温湿度，促进发笋期提前和发笋量增多，从而达到提高竹地经济效益。(覆盖时间宜在12月上、中旬，要求林内气温低于30，否则及时拿走覆盖物)。(4)合理疏笋伐竹，基地建设期间，以旺竹为主，严禁挖笋。当立竹度达200根/亩左右，则保留发笋高峰期的笋留作母竹，其它早期笋、后期笋以及过密笋都应挖去，每亩需均匀留母竹40株，行竹采伐以调整林分年龄结构和疏密度为主，每年采伐量需同留母竹保持平衡。采伐要求：砍小留大、砍老留新、砍密留稀、砍病虫竹留健壮竹，形成林分一、二、三度竹均匀比例缘木求鱼，使竹林发展进入良性循环。四、投资概算和资金来源1.资金概算毛竹丰产林建设需经过劈山，垦复、施肥等过程，按现行物价计算改造1亩竹林需投资2-00元，改造20万亩，则共需投资4000万元。每亩用工及投资概算表合计劈 山垦 复施 肥投肥金额开设林道防火道病虫害防治费工日金额工日金额工日金额20023046011565255说明：每个工日工资按15元计算2.资金来源资金来源一是中央财政支持1000万元，地方配套1000万元，银行贷款1000万元。二是自筹资金1000万元，自筹资金主要靠投工形式解决。五、效益分析1.经济效益分析(1)产出效益根据毛竹林产出效益的特殊性，每年都实现可观经济效益，现将前十年的产出效益(其中减去开始二年不能实现效益年)预算如下：毛竹每年可新增30根/亩，按市场价8元/根计算；新增产值=20万亩30根/亩8元/根10年=4800万元春笋每年可产笋80斤/亩，按市场平均价0.25元/斤，计算新增产值=20万亩80万/亩0.25元/斤=400万元。冬笋每年可新产笋10斤/亩，按市场平均价1元/斤，则新增产值=20万亩10斤/亩1元/斤=200万元。产出效益=+=5400万元(2)成本支出劳力投入：每亩投工7个，每工时按15元计算，则折款为20万亩7日/亩15元/日=2100万元。投肥支出：每亩施尿素20公斤，按2元/公斤计算，施放磷肥50公斤，按0.4元/公斤，而农家肥覆盖物共折5元/亩，投影折款为：20万元(20公斤/2亩2元/公斤50公斤/亩0.4元/公斤+5元/亩)=1300万元新增毛竹采运工资按10根/亩且每根2元工资计算，则总采运工资为20万亩10根/亩2元/根=400万元。新增春笋挖、运工资按每亩40斤，每斤0.2元计算，工资总计160万元。新增冬笋挖、运工资按每亩10斤，每斤1.5元计算，工资总计300万元。贷款利息1000万元银行贷款，8.01%年利计算，则年利息=10008.01%=81万元成本支出=+=4341万元(3)净利润年净利润=产出-支出 =5400万元-4341万元 =1059万元(4)投资收益率=净利润/投资总额100% =1059万元/4000万元100% =26.5%(5)投资回收期=投资总额/净利润 =4000万元/1059万元=3.8年即投资回收期为4年。2.社会效益按每工日15元计算，每年总共可安置劳力数为20万亩9工/亩(毛竹采运+春笋挖运+冬笋挖运)15元/亩=263万个。则按每人每年工作日为350天计算，则可长期安置劳动人数7.5万人，且人均年收入5440元。3.生态效益建立20万亩速生毛竹丰产林基地，不但经济效益显著，林农收入稳定；而且具有涵养水源，保持水土的作用，尤其是对当前日趋恶劣的自然灾害有一定积极作用。总之，毛竹丰产林基地一旦建成，不仅能为我县带来可观的经济效益，更能带来无法估量的社会效益和生态效益，因此，该项目是切实可行的。various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer.