无机非金属材料专业英语复习题.doc

材料科学与工程专业英语（要懂得变通，背了的词组里有些词可以换了以后变成另一个词，背词组建议把词组拆开背会各词的意思。）一、二 单词、词组翻译（ 英译汉 汉译英）单词：1 H 氢 Hydrogen 11 Na 钠 Sodium 2 He 氦 Helium 12 Mg 镁 Magnesium3 Li 锂 Lithium 13 Al 铝 Aluminum 4 Be 铍 Beryllium 14 Si 硅 Silicon5 B 硼 Boron 15 P 磷 Phosphorus 6 C 碳 Carbon 16 S 硫 Sulfur 7 N 氮 Nitrogen 17 Cl 氯 Chlorine 8 O 氧 Oxygen 18 Ar 氩 Argon 9 F 氟 Fluorine 19 K 钾 Potassium 10 Ne 氖 Neon 20 Ca 钙 Calciumbarium nitrate 硝酸钡 magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁 manganese sulfate 硫酸锰 （此处结构注意后面酸的写法，前面元素可换）PS：常用单词Mechanical 力学的 magnetic 磁学的 electrical 电学的 thermal 热学的Optical 光学的 deteriorative 化学的carbonate碳酸 calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 oxide 氧化物 nitride 氮化物Carbide 碳化物 Processing 加工 stiffness 刚度 toughness 韧性 structure 结构 property 性质 performance 性能 strength 强度 density 密度ceramic 陶瓷 plastic 塑料 semiconductor 半导体 polymer 聚合物 metal 金属 alloy 合金 composite 复合材料 Atomic 原子的 electronic 电子的 phase 相PS:加粗的必掌握。英译汉:Elastic modulus 弹性模量 Stiffness and toughness 刚度和韧性，机械性能Naked eye肉眼 Optical property 光学性质Thermal conductivity 热导率 Mechanical strength 机械强度Transition elements 过渡元素 magnetic permeability 磁导率Alkali metals 碱金属 integrated circuit 集成电路 Positively charged protons 正电荷质子 specific gravity 比重 The melting point 熔点 conduction bands 导带The ion lattice 离子晶格 polycrystalline ceramics 多晶陶瓷Composite materials 复合材料汉译英:Materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程1.25710-6 1.257 times ten to negative six powerHigh-performance materials 高性能材料Microstructure 微观结构 Macrostructure 宏观结构Chemical reaction 化学反应 Atomic weight 原子量The boiling point 沸点 Balanced electrical charge 电荷平衡 Thermal conductivity 热导率 Alkali-earth metals 碱土金属Electrical conductivity 导电性（电导率）Hotpressed ceramics 热压陶瓷 Phase transformation 相变Dielectric constant 介电常数 Heat capacity 热容Materials processing 材料加工 Elastic modulus 弹性模量Magnetic radiation 电磁辐射 Mechanical property 力学性质Glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度 词组：（加粗的是她提了的，英译汉还是汉译英都不确定）Solid material 固体材 Nuclear charge 核电荷Electron microscope 电子显微镜 lattice defect/imperfection 晶格缺陷High electrical resistivity 高电阻率 Low lattice constant 低晶格常数一种常见的聚合物 polyester 聚酯 polyethylene (PE) 聚乙烯 Poly vinyl chloride （PVC）聚氯乙烯 Polycarbonate (PC) 聚碳酸酯 Polystyrene (PS) 聚苯乙烯 Epoxy 环氧树脂 三、四 句子（英译汉 汉译英）英译汉:1. “Materials Science ” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials.In contrast, “Materials engieering ” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations,designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.材料科学指的是研究存于材料的结构和性能的相互关系。相反，材料工程指的是，在基于材料结构和性能的相互关系的基础上，开发和设计预先设定好具备若干性能的材料。2.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical ,electrical, thermal ,magnetic , optical, and deteriorative.实际上，固体材料的所有重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀降解性。3.P38（2）5使磁力线相互分开，导致磁通量比真空小，这种材料被称为反磁性材料。使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于1小于或等于10的材料被称为顺磁性材料；使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于 10的材料被称为铁磁性材料。汉译英:1.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。Material engineering mainly solve the problems of materials processing and materials application. 磁性材料在第四单元（其他的多看看，尤其第一、二、三、四、九、十单元）五、段落 （英译汉 ）1.什么是材料科学，什么是材料工程，二者的关系 Sometimes it is useful to subdivide the discipline of materials science and engineering into materials science and materials engineering subdisciplines. Strictly speaking, ”materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, ”materials engineering” involves, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. From a functional perspective, the role of a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials,whereas a materials engineer is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials and/or to develop techniques for processing materials. Most graduates in materials programs are trained to be both materials scientists and materials engineers. (P1 Materials Science and Engineering) 有时候把材料科学与工程再细分为材料科学与材料工程的分支是十分有用的。严格来讲，“材料科学”包含研究材料结构与性质间存在的关系。相比之下，“材料工程”是根据材料的结构和性质间的关系来设计或改变材料的结构以制造出一系列可预先决定的性质。从功能的角度来讲，材料科学家的任务是开发或合成新材料，然而材料工程师被要求用现有的材料去创造新产物和/或去开发材料加工方法。大多数毕业生在材料专业的教学计划下被培养成材料科学家同时也是材料工程师。2. 多晶陶瓷的构成，相变，微观结构和加工过程之间的关系 Polycrystalline ceramics have a structure consisting of many grains. The size, shape, and orientation of the grains play a key role in many of the macroscopic properties of these materials, for example, mechanical strength. In most ceramics, more than one phase is present, with each phase having its own structure, composition, and properties. Control of the type, size, distribution, and amount of these phases within the material provides a means to control properties. The microstructure of a ceramic is often a result of the way it was processed. For example, hotpressed ceramics ofte