《常见从句的翻译》PPT课件.ppt

1 定语从句的翻译 状语从句的翻译 名词性从句的翻译 常见句型的翻译 2 定语从句的翻译 Translation of Attributive Clauses 3 I、译成前置定语 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还 有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本 身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人 提供就业机会。 2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 这是刚从前线回来的战士。 4 3. 成都一个你来了就不想离开的城市。 ChengduA city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival. 4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题 成堆的地方。 5 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定 语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作 用，有时也可以译为前置定语。 5. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的 哥哥。 6 II . 译成后置定语 A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的 限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这 种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时 可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他” 、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。 7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。 7 8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。 9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着， 我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问 题的。 10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。 8 B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只 是对先行词加以说明、描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈 述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分 开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如： 11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. 他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。 12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American. 这些书是我在美国买的,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分 。 9 13. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。 14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历 经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的 。 10 15. I told the story to John, who (=and he) told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟 弟。 这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句 ，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所 代表的含义。 11 III、溶合译法 溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合 在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外， 由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以 ，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英 语中突出的 “there be” 句型就是这样处理的。 12 16. There are many people who want to select this major. 许多人要选这个专业。 17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 13 18.You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。 19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。 20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. 这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。 14 IV. 译成状语 有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状 语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用， 翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。 21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成 原因状从） 22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of. 她坚持要再买一双溜冰鞋，尽管她还用不着。（译成让步状从） 15 23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms. 罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从） 24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower. 只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。 （译成条件状从） 25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck. 这位女记者想写篇文章， 以便能够引起公众对那起沉 船事件的注意。（译成目的状语从句） 16 1. A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air. 2. She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her . 3. He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond. 4. There is something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 5. Here is the man whom you have been looking for. 6. Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 常见句型的翻译定语从句的翻译 练习 17 状语从句的翻译 Translation of Adverbial Clauses 18 I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句 1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。 2. As far as I know, there isnt such a word in English. 据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。 状语从句的翻译 19 II. 状语从句译在主句之前 4. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business. 除非她有急事，她一定回来的。 5. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。 20 III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句 11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails. 在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（ 地点状从译为时间状从） 12. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution. 如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场 全国性的革命。（让步状从译为条件状从） 21 13. Why did you give up when you could make it? 既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译 为让步状从） 14. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally. 她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些 （条件状从译为让步状从） 22 IV. 状语从句译成非状语从句 16. The boy shouted as he ran. 那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句） 17. If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal. 将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种 新金属。（译成复合句的主语） 23 18. As he had lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment first. 时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。 （内含因果关系的并列句） 19. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang. 我正要解释，铃声响了。（译成并列句） 24 1. You may do as you please. 2. When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. 3. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 5. Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 常见句型的翻译状语从句的翻译 练习 25 1. 你愿意怎么做都行。 （译成谓语） 2. 如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深 水中。（时间状从译成条件状从） 3. 有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成 条件状从） 4. 我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。 5. 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 常见句型的翻译状语从句的翻译练习答案 26 Translation of Nominal Clauses 名词性从句的翻译 27 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 28 I. 主语从句 由代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句 “It” 作为形式主语 29 1) 由代词what, whatever, whoever等引 导的主语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译 What he told me was a sheer lie. 他对我说的全是谎言。 Whatever I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression. 一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印 象。 Whoever has made a trip to Mt. Huangshan must remember the clouds there. 凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。 30 2) “It” 作为形式主语翻译时可以提前 ，也可以不提前 It doesnt make much difference to me whether you come or not. 你来不来我不在乎。 It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us. 她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 31 II. 宾语从句 以that, what, how引导的宾 语从句 以it作形式宾语的宾语从句 32 1) 以that, what, how引导的宾语从句 一般按原句顺序翻译 I told him that I had to turn him down. 我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。 Did you hear what I said? 你没听见我的话吗？ I told him how appealing I found the offer. 我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。 33 Example: He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely president, letting events take their course. 他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当一个 袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任事情发展 的总统。 34 2) 以it作形式宾语的宾语从句 一般按原句顺序翻译，it可不译出 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点之 前交。 Anyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that I am here. 不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿 ，全靠你。 35 III. 表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译 This is where the shoe pinches. 这正是问题的症结所在。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. 他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。 36 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全 都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人 性等方面去寻找行为的根源。 37 IV.同位语从句 保持原本的语序 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句 加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一 ”、“即”等字眼 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的 无主句或其他方式译出 38 1) 保持原句的语序 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all. 作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定， 去当医生，虽然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可 言。 39 2) 译为类似定语的结构或独立句 But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这 种可能性还是存在的。 It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了 的。 40 3) 加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一 ”、“即”等字眼 But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不 正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。 Influenced by these ethics, the new generation live under the delusion that money does not stink. 受这种道德观念的影响，青年一代生活在这 样一种错觉中，以为金钱总是香喷喷的。 41 4) 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的 无主句或其他方式译出 An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back. 已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球 。 Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差 的实验结果。 42 英汉翻译练习 一、翻译下列句子，注意词义的选择 1Parliament will debate the nationalization issue next week 议会将在下周讨论国有化问题。 2The Christmas issue of the magazine has a picture of carol singers on its cover 杂志的这一期圣诞专刊在封面上有一些圣诞歌咏者的 图片。 43 3There is a new issue of stamps to commemorate the Royal wedding 新近发行了一套纪念皇室婚礼的邮票。 4他的行动十分有规律性，你甚至可以根据他来对表。 His activities are so regular you could set your watch by him 5她脸上露出公式化的笑容向她的来宾打了招呼。 She greeted her guests with a set smile 44 二、翻译下列句子，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对 斜体词作必要的引申 1There was no provocation for such an angry letter 写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。 2Macdonalds had become an institution in his life in the last eight years 去麦当劳餐厅就餐，八年来已成为他生活中常做的事情。 45 3The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with booksBut his case was a different proposition 那个箱子又大又笨重，装的都是书；不过他随身带的箱子 却是另一回事。 4It was regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter 遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。 5Such conduct is known in all languages as piracy 这种行为是各国公认的强盗行径。 46 三、用增词法翻译下列句子 1After all preparations were made，the plane took off 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 2I like the climate of San Francisco better tha