电大职业技能实训平台化工单元操作技术试题题库及答案.doc

化工单元操作技术1、小批量、多品种的精细化学品生产适用于( )过程。间歇操作2、催化剂按形态可分为( )。 固态液态气态3、氯乙烯聚合只能通过( ) 自由基聚合4、透平式压缩机属于( )压缩机。离心式5、釜式反应器的换热方式有夹套式、蛇管式、回流冷凝式和( )。外循环式6、催化剂中毒有( )两种情况。.暂时性和永久性7、裂解乙烯过程正确的操作条件是( )。 高温、高压、短时间8、CH4+H20=CO+3H：+Q达到平衡时，升高温度化学平衡向( )移动。 正反应方向9、对属于易燃易爆性质的压缩气体，在启动往复式压缩机前，应该采用( )将缸内、管路和附属容器内的空气或其他非工作介质置换干净，并达到合格标准，以杜绝爆炸和设备事故的发生。氮气10、工业上固体催化剂是由( )组成的。 活性组分、助催化剂和载体11、俗称“人造羊毛”的聚丙烯腈纤维（即腈纶）的缩写代号是( )。PAN12、薄层固定床反应器主要用于( )。 快速反应13、任何牌号的聚丙烯必须要加的稳定剂是( )。 卤素吸收剂14、气固相催化反应器分为固定床反应器和( )反应器。 流化床15、平推流的特征是( )。 流体物料的浓度和温度在与流动方向垂直的截面上处处相等，不随时间变化16、乙炔与氯化氢加成生产氯乙烯，通人反应器的原料乙炔量为1000kg/h，出反应器的产物组成中乙炔含量为300kg/h，已知按乙炔计生成氯乙烯的选择性为90%，则按乙炔计氯乙烯的收率为( )。 63%17、化学反应热不仅与化学反应有关，而且与( )。与以上三种情况都有关1 18、间歇式反应器出料组成与反应器内物料的最终组成( )。相同 19、熔融指数与相对分子质量的关系是( )。 熔融指数高，分子量低20、对于纯物质来说，在一定压力下，它的泡点温度和露点温度的关系是( )。相同21、化工生产过程是指从原料出发，完成某一化工产品生产的全过程，其核心县口( )。工艺过程22、一个反应过程在工业生产中采用什么反应器并无严格规定，但首先以满足( )为主。工艺要求23、以高聚物为基础，加入某些助剂和填料混炼而成的可塑性材料，主要用作结构材料，该材料称为( )。塑料24、工业反应器的设计评价指标有转化率、选择性、( )。 收率25、间歇反应器是( )。一次加料，一次出料26、单位质量的某物质温度升高或降低1K时，所吸收或放出的热量称这种物质的( )。比热 27、反应物流经床层时，单位质量催化剂在单位时间内所获得的目的产物量称为( )。 催化剂空时收率28、合成氨生产的特点是( )、易燃易爆、有毒有害。 高温高压29、化工过程一般不包含( )。 原料准备过程30、化工工艺的主要工艺影响因素有( )。 温度、压力、流量、空速、停留时间和浓度等31、下列叙述中不是催化剂特征的是( )。催化剂的存在能提高化学反应热的利用率32、在乙烷裂解制乙烯过程中，投入反应器的乙烷量为5000kg/h，裂解气中含有未反应的乙烷量为l000kg/h，获得的乙烯量为3400kg/h，乙烷的转化率为( )。 8033、相变潜热是指( )。 物质发生相变时吸收的热量或释放的热量34、合成树脂原料中，一般都含有一定量的抗氧剂，其目的是( )。为了便于保存35、在典型反应器中，釜式反应器是按照( )的。 反应器结构分类36、离心泵发生抽空、无流量的原因可能有( )。 启动时泵内未灌满液体 泵轴反向转动 吸人管路堵塞或仪表漏气 泵内漏进气体 吸入容器内液面过低 底阀漏液 你认为可能的是( )。全都是37、通风机日常维护保养要求做到( )。 以上三种要求38、转化率Z选择性x与单程收率s的关系是：( )。S=ZX39、基本化工生产过程中不包括的任务是( ) 研究安全与环保40、在化工生产过程中常涉及的基本规律有( )。 物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡关系和过程速率41、在金属固体中，热传导是由( )引起的。 自由电子运动42、评价催化剂的指标主要有：比表面和内表面利用率、孔隙率和堆积密度、( )、机械强度等。活性温度范围43、加氢反应催化剂的活性组分是( )。单质金属44、裂解气中酸性气体的脱除通常采用乙醇胺法和碱洗法，两者比较( )。乙醇胺法中乙醇胺可回收重复利用 45、温度对流体的黏度有一定的影响，当温度升高时，( )。液体的粘度降低、而气体的粘度升高(46、催化剂具有( )的特性。改变反应速度47、加热过程在200以下用的热源一般是( )。低压蒸汽48、搅拌釜式反应器应用范围广，但基本上不用于气一液一固三相反应。49、升高反应温度，有利于放热反应。50、提高反应温度，对所有反应均可提高反应速度。51、管式反应器亦可进行间歇或连续操作。52、蒸发操作是溶剂从液相转移到气相的过程，故属传质过程。53、离心压缩机的“喘振”现象是由于进气量超过上限所引起的。54、压强就是压力。55、化工原料的组成和性质对加工过程没有影响。56、化工生产中，一般收率越高，转化率越高。57、离心泵停车时，先关闭泵的出口阀门，避免压出管内的液体倒流。58、能加快反应速度的催化剂为正催化剂。59、化工生产的目的就是为了得到成品。60、油品越重，自燃点越高。61、聚合反应中，氮气常用于置换反应装置和输送催化剂等多种用途。62、提高蒸发器的蒸发能力，其主要途经是提高传热系数。63、利用电力来分离非均相物系，可以彻底将非均相物系分离干净。64、饱和蒸气压越大的液体越难挥发。65、固体物质的粉碎及物料的搅拌不属于化工单元操作过程。66、当离心泵发生气缚或汽蚀现象时，处理的方法均相同。67、含碳、氢的化合物往往都是有机化合物，而尿素的分子式为CO(NH2)2，所以尿素生产属于有机化工。68、蒸发过程中操作压力增加，则溶质的沸点提高。69、催化剂中毒后经适当处理可使催化剂的活性恢复，这种中毒称为暂时性中毒。70、提高换热器的传热系数，能够有效地提高传热速率。71、氨合成催化剂在使用前必须经还原，而一经还原后，以后即不必再作处理，直到达到催化剂的使用寿命。72、间歇反应器由于剧烈搅拌、混合，反应器内有效空间中各位置的物料温度、浓度均相同。73、转化率是指理论原料用量与实际原料用量的比值。74、工业反应器按换热方式可分为等温反应器、绝热反应器、非等温非绝热反应器等。75、压缩机的压缩比是指Pl/P2，即进口压力与出口压力之比。76、一定条件下，乙烷裂解生产乙烯，通入反应器的乙烷为5000kg/h，裂解气中含乙烯为1500kg/h，则乙烯的收率为30%。77、油品组分越轻，其蒸气压越高。78、ABS、SAN、HIPS都是苯乙烯系列合成树脂。79、对于一个反应体系，转化率越高，则目的产物的产量就越大。80、化工工艺是指根据技术上先进、经济上合理的原则来研究各种化工原材料、半成品和成品的加工方法及过程的科学。81、板框压滤机的滤板和滤框可根据生产要求进行任意排列。82、扬程为20m的离心泵，不能把水输送到20m的高度。83、绝热式固定床反应器适合热效应不大的反应，反应过程无需换热。84、鲁姆斯裂解乙烯装置急冷系统采用先水冷后油冷。85、离心泵在低于最小流量状态下运行，会造成泵体的振动。86、热负荷是指换热器本身具有的换热能力。87、传热速率是指生产上要求换热器在单位时间所具有的换热能力。88、当泵由于过负荷而跳闸时，应查找原因，消除后电器复位重新启动泵。89、原料消耗定额的高低，可以说明生产水平的高低和操作技术水平的好坏。90、在普钙生产中，浓硫酸稀释后冷却时常用石墨冷却器，这是因为石墨的传热系数比一般金属材料如碳钢的大。91、乙烯、丙烯属于有机化工基本化工原料。92、离心式压缩机气量调节的常用方法是调节出口阀的开度。93、化工工艺的特点是生产过程综合化、装置规模大型化和产品精细化。94、在物质的三种聚集状态中，液体分子的间距一定大于固体分子的间距。95、静力学基本方程式，只适用于连通着的同一流体中. 96、任何一个化工生产过程都是由一系列的化学反应操作和一系列物理操作构成。97、提高传热速率最有效的途径是提高传热温度差。98、非均相反应器可分为气固相反应器、气液相反应器。99、在减压精馏过程中，可提高溶液的沸点100、间歇反应器的一个生产周期应包括：反应时间、加料时间、出料时间、加热（或冷却）时间、清洗时间等。111、设备的生产强度越高，则该设备的生产能力就越大。也可说设备的生产能力越大，则该设备的生产强度就越高。112、生产合成氨、甲醛、丙烯腈等反应器属于固定床反应器。113、在一般过滤操作中，实际上起主要介质作用的是滤饼层而不是过滤介质本身。114、提高传热速率的最有效途径是提高传热面积。115、往复泵在启动前必须打开旁通阀，运转正常后再用出口阀调节流量。116、在一定接触时间内，一定反应温度和反应物配比下，主反应的转化率愈高，说明催化剂的活性愈好。117、暂时性中毒对催化剂不会有任何影响。118、催化剂的组成中，活性组分就是含量最大的成分。119、自发过程一定是不可逆的，所以不可逆过程一定是自发的。120、输送液体的密度越大，泵的扬程越小。121、在同一温度和压力下，某物质的摩尔熔化焓与摩尔凝固焓在数值上相等，而符号相反。122、管式反应器的优点是减小返混和控制反应时间。123、在运转过程中，滚动轴承的温度一般不应大于65。124、无论是暂时性中毒后的再生，还是高温烧积炭后的再生，均不会引起固体催化剂结构的损伤，活性也不会下降。125、选择性越高，则收率越高。126、对气固催化反应，工业上为了减小系统阻力，常常都采用较低的操作气速。127、汽蚀现象发生的原因是启动前泵内没有装满液体。128、离心分离因数越大，其分离能力越强。129、往复式真空泵的轴封用来密封汽缸与活塞杆之间的间隙。130、催化剂在反应器内升温还原时，必须控制好升温速度、活化温度与活化时间，活化温度不得高于催化剂活性温度上限。131、石油中有部分烃的相A分子质量很大，所以，石油化工为高分子化工。132、消耗定额越高，生产过程的经济效益越高。133、空速大，接触时间短；空速小，接触时间长。134、影响化工反应过程的主要因素有原料的组成和性质、催化剂性能、工艺条件和设备结构等。请您务必删除一下内容，O(_)O万分谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European Commission President Jean-Claude Junckers plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the European Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain its integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it in a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation.请您务必删除一下内容，O(_)O万分谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island