2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit5WondersofOurBody学案重庆大学版.docx

Unit 5Wonders of Our Body一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.stickvi./vt.刺，戳2.techniciann. 技术人员；专门技师3.applyvt.应用，应用于4.dissolvevt.溶解，解散5.swallowvt.咽；淹没；吞下；咽下n. 燕子6.figurevt.辨明；演算，认为7.shedvt.脱落；脱皮，摆脱8.infection n感染infectvi.感染，传染9.primarily adv.主要地，首先primaryadj.首要的，主要的10.frequency n频率，周率frequentadj.时常发生的frequentlyadv.频繁地11.bacterium n细菌bacterian(复数)细菌12.donate vt.捐赠；赠送donorn捐赠者；赠与者donationn捐赠13.react vi.反应reactionn反应，反作用14.sense n感官(觉)vt.意识到，感觉sensitiveadj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的1.Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive (sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.2.Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years.3.In the United States, Halloween evolved (演变) into a holiday celebrated primarily (primary) by children.4.These bacteria (bacterium) make food from the sun like plants do.5.Health care workers should have the right to be able to protect themselves against infections (infect)6.As a generous donor,_Mark made another donation to the Project Hope last week. So far he has donated up to 15 million dollars to it.(donate)7.This produced a chain reaction,_which made everyone present react violently.(react)1.感官动词一览taste尝smell 嗅hear 听see 看touch 摸2.swallow形近词家族allow vt.允许shallow adj. 浅的，肤浅的fellow n. 小伙pillow n. 枕头follow vt. 跟随3.tech开头单词小结technician n技术人员technique n. 技术，技巧technical adj. 有技巧的technology n. 技术，工艺technologist n. 技术专家二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.be_up_to从事于，做事情2.knock_out 击倒，打破3.rob_(.)_of 使失去4.neither_._nor_. 既不也不5.protect_(.)_from 保护(使不受)6.take_(.)for_granted 想当然；认为理所当然7.be_made_up_of 由组成8.put_together 把加起来；装配，使成整体9.fire_off 发射；开(枪、炮等)，射击10.finish_off 结束，完成1.Ill finish_off this dress in a few minutes; Im just giving it the last finishing touches.2.I dont have time to go out tonight; I am_up_to my work.3.Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.4.The boxer knocked_out his opponent in the second round.5.We shouldnt take it for_granted that our parents should arrange everything for us. 1.“v.of”短语荟萃rob of使失去approve of 赞成complain of 抱怨consist of 由组成 dream of 梦想，梦见think of 想起，记起；考虑2.“v.together” 短语集合put together把加起来go together 相配get together 聚会pull together 齐心协力join together 连接三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.So can an imbalance of the bloods components.血液成分不平衡也会如此。“so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”构成的倒装句。我被丽江的美景吸引了，我的朋友们也是。I was attracted by the beautiful scene of Lijiang, and so_were_my_friends.2.Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do？如果你失血过多，医生会怎么做？suppose后跟虚拟语气。假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。Suppose it_rained,_we would still go.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1donate vt.捐赠；赠送教材原句Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donatedby another person.(医生)会尽快用另一个人献的血来给你输血以补充你的血液。(1)donate sth.to sb.向某人捐赠某物 (2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款give/make/present a donation to . 向捐赠(3)donor n. 捐赠者，赠送者Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.给需要的孩子们捐些书和体育用品要比空喊口号更有意义。He immediately made a charitable donation (donate) of 10.5 million yuan to the Henan Charity Federation.他立即将1 050万元的慈善捐款捐赠给了河南慈善总会。2stick vi./vt.(stuck, stuck)刺，戳；阻塞；扎入；伸出；粘贴n.棍；棒，手杖经典例句The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.护士把针扎进我的胳膊。stick to/at坚持；坚守；不放弃stick out 伸出；突出get/be stuck in 被困在；被卡住；陷入Have you been sticking to your diet?你是否在坚持节食？Sorry Im late. I got stuck (stick) in traffic.Never mind. Youre here now. Come in and sit down.(2012山东高考单选)对不起，我来晚了。我遇到交通堵塞了。没关系。你来了就好。进来坐吧。3react vi.反应；起作用经典例句You never know how he is going to react to the news.你根本不知道他对这个消息会作何反应。(1)react against反对；反抗react to 对作出反应；起反应react on/upon 对产生影响react with 与产生化学反应(2)reaction n. 反应；起作用(与to连用)The children should be taught how to react to an earthquake.应该教孩子如何应对地震。Children tend to react_against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。4apply vt.应用；应用于；申请教材原句Blood vessels in the skin will shrink instantly if they are cut or if pressure is applied.如果被割破或被施于压力，皮肤中的血管会立即收缩。(1)apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/集中精力(做)某事apply to 适用于；向申请apply .to . 把运用于(2)application n. 申请；申请表；运用，应用applicant n. 申请人，求职人If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.如果宪法说所有的人都是自由和平等的，那么她认为这应该适用于她。Im Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. Im writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.(2015陕西高考书面表达)我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生，我正写信申请学生志愿者的职位。一言串记Thirty graduates applied for the post. All these applicants filled in the application forms seriously.三十位毕业生申请了这个职位。所有这些申请者都认真填写了申请表。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1In the theory, sport exercise can react on the fitness.2I have made a donation (donate) to help the survivors of the earthquake.3He had a sore throat (咽喉痛) and found it difficult to_swallow (swallow)4Dogs have_a_very_good_sense_of_smell (有很好的嗅觉) and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.5The kite was_stuck_in_the_branches_of_the_tree (被卡在了树叉上), which made the girl cry.重难点多练apply面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.What should I do?You should slow the bleeding by applying (apply) pressure to the wound until the police and ambulance arrive.The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to learning (learn) English.(2)补全句子我想申请我们学校英语俱乐部副主席的职位。(2013天津高考书面表达)Its I who/that_would_like_to_apply_for_the_position,_vice president of our school English club.(3)根据汉语提示完成片段In order to know whether his plan was practical, he first applied_it_to (把它应用于) his work, and he also applied_for_a_study (申请一项调查) to his company about it. Then he applied_himself_to (专心于) it and made necessary changes.阅读词汇专练1根据语境选出swallow的词性和词义(A)vt.吞没；淹没(B)vt.吞(下)，咽(下)(C)n.燕子 (D)n.一口The swallowhas made a nest under our eaves (屋檐)_C_He downed the medicine at one swallow._D_I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness._A_You must chew your food well before you swallow it._B_2根据语境选出sense的词性和词义(A)n.感觉(B)n.感官(C)n.道理 (D)vt.觉察出；意识到We get most of our knowledge through the fivesenses._B_Standing on the corner in winter gave me a sense of cold._A_There is some sensein what he says._C_Doctors often sense uneasiness in the people they deal with._D_第二板块短语句型归纳集释1knock out击倒，打破；摧毁；淘汰教材原句The white blood cells gobble up the invaders, and the antibodies knock them out.白细胞吞噬掉所有入侵者，抗体把它们打倒。knock at敲，打knock down 撞倒；拆卸knock over 碰翻；撞倒knock into 撞上；偶然碰到knock off 减价；中断，停止She was knocked over/down by a car on the way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.昨晚在回家的路上她被一辆车撞倒了，但司机逃离了现场。Lets knock_off_the_work early and go to watch the football game.咱们早点收工去看足球赛吧。Please knock_at_the_door before you come in next time.下次在你进来之前请先敲门。2neither .nor .既不，也不高考佳句In autumn, its neithertoo hot nor too cold.(2014天津高考书面表达)秋天，既不太热也不太冷。neither .nor .连接两个对等的成分，用于否定两者。当它连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的单复数要与靠近nor的主语保持一致。Neither my wife nor I myself am (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。He neither knows nor cares (care) what happened.他对所发生的事不闻不问。either . or .要么要么(连接并列主语时，谓语动词的选择遵循“就近一致”原则)neither/either of . 两者都(不)(作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可)not only . but also . 不仅而且not . but . 不是而是As is known to all, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。3So_can an imbalance of the bloods components.血液成分不平衡也会如此。(1)句中含有“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词另一主语”结构。该结构用在肯定句中，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物。so作“也这样；也如此”解。When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for beauty.当所有潜在的丑都被清除掉时，所有潜在的美也就不复存在了。(2)so it is/waswith sb./sth.或it is/was the same with sb./sth.表示前面的混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)同样适用于后者；该句型也可用于肯定或否定陈述句之后。He is very clever but he doesnt work hard; it_is_the_same_with his sister/so_it_is_with his sister.他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。名师指津so主语be (have/助动词/情态动词)，表示“确实如此(前后主语一致)”。Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.So_he_is and so_are_you.杰克对中国文化和民族音乐非常痴迷。他的确如此，你也是。.基础点全练1单句语法填空When you knock into someone, its good manners to say “sorry”I always suspected that he was up to no good.I take it for granted that we should work hard.Peasants who were_robbed (rob) of their land drifted to the cities.It is everyones duty to protect the earth from being polluted.Neither John nor his classmates were (be) able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.2运用所学短语完成片段I knocked_into (偶然遇到) a robber yesterday. He knocked_down/over (撞倒) an old man. When he was robbing_the_old_man_of_ (抢劫老人) all his money, I protected_the_old_man_from (保护老人免于) being robbed. The old man was grateful to me, but I took_it_for_granted (认为这样做理所当然).重难点多练so相关结构万花筒(1)补全句子 如果你想那天休息，那么我也一样。If youre going to take that day off, so_will_I.杰克是英国人但喜欢中国菜。迈克也是如此。Jack is English but likes Chinese food.So_it_is_with_Mike./Its_the_same_with_Mike.(2)句型转换He can play the piano and his sister can play the piano, too.He can play the piano, and so_can_his_sister. 课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1The new schoolbags and books donated (donate) by some warmhearted people arrived at the village school the day before yesterday.2The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm. 3Caught robbing (rob) a lady of her necklace, the young man was arrested on the spot by a policeman.4After I left school, I felt stuck (stick) between furthering my education and getting a job.5The new technology, if applied to farming, will help increase the grain output.6If a healthy environment is gone, so is everything that our life depends on.7Give me some water; I find it difficult to_swallow (swallow) the yolk (蛋黄)8It is difficult to predict his reaction (react) because he is so moody.单句改错1Seeing the moving scene, my daughter wept a little and so do Idodid2I take for granted that we should work hard.take后加it3We all know that the brain is made up cells in a certain pattern.up后加of4It was not until he got to his office where he remembered leaving the key home.wherethat5When they fire at a signal flare (信号弹), well set off at once.第一个atoff_.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Our class consists of twenty boys and thirtyone girls. Tom and Rose are the best students in our class. They apply_themselves_to (专心于) learning and are_up_to (胜任) their work. If Tom can work out a physics problem, Rose can work it out, too. They like to take exercise in the open air and stick_to (坚持) playing football after class. They often finish_off (结束) their day by helping others. We are grateful for their selfless assistance, but (so/but/as) they take_it_for_granted (认为理所当然)(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)consists ofis_made_up_of_(2)work outfigure_out2用so的倒装句改写句If_Tom_can_work_out_a_physics_problem,_so_can_Rose.课下练熟高考“阅读七选五完形”组合练练题型(限时：35分钟).阅读理解(2017重庆主城八区调研测试二)Whether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes, according to experts.I jump out of bed each morning, eager to start an active day. But I can hear my neighbours alarm clock ringing nonstop every morning and I doubt he gets to work on time.A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening. Hes happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight, while I go to bed early and try to sleep.Well, it might not be his fault after all. Im called “a lark (百灵鸟)” and my neighbour “an owl (猫头鹰)”We all have inside “clocks” in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light. These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “larks” and “owls”. If you have a fast clock, you like to do things early, and if you have a slow clock, you like to do things late.Because we live in a 24/7 world, scientists believe its important to understand a persons “chronotype” (睡眠类型) the time of the day when they function the best. It could help us lead a healthier life.A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinkswork times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our chronotypes.And he has advice for those who cant choose their working hours: “If thats not possible, we should be more careful about light exposure，” says the professor. “You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike. The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue light, like computer screens and other electronic devices.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析自己和邻居不同的作息情况，说明了每个人都有自己的睡眠类型：有的人晚上的工作效率高，有的人白天的工作效率高。但是，如果无法选择工作时间，那么就应在晚上尽量避免蓝色的光，因为蓝色的光可能会导致睡眠问题。1How is the passage mainly developed?ABy presenting and solving problems.BBy explaining the causeeffect relationship.CBy giving examples and drawing a conclusion.DBy analyzing differences and providing advice.解析：选D写作手法题。作者通过分析自己与邻居不同的作息情况，认识到这是由于基因的不同造成的。然后，作者对此提出建议，即不同的人应该采用不同的作息时间。故选D项。2We can learn from the passage that the authors neighbour_.Aalmost always gets to work on timeBhas to work deep into the night every dayCis passive during the day but energetic at nightDis easily woken up by his alarm clock in the morning解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But I can hear . to work on time.”和第三段可知，作者的邻居白天状态消极，晚上却精力充沛。故选C项。3The underlined part “24/7” in Paragraph 6 most probably means “_”AstressfulBdigitalCconfusing Dchanging解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后“scientists believe . lead a healthier life”可知，科学家认为有必要了解每个人的睡眠类型，这有助于我们健康地生活。这是由于我们生活在一个有压力的世界，正因为如此，我们才需要了解自己身体的时间表，按照身体的时间表来安排休息时间，这有助于提高效率，缓解压力，使我们生活得更健康。故选A项，意为“有压力的”。4Things with blue light are not recommended after sunset because blue light _.Awill make you nervousBmay cause sleep problemsCwill reduce your work efficiencyDmay make you sleepy解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，如果我们无法选择工作时间，不得不在白天工作而在晚上休息，我们就应该更加注意光的照射，尤其是不要在晚上接触蓝色的光。由此可推知，蓝色的光可能会导致睡眠问题。故选B项。.阅读七选五(2017唐山市高三一模)Its normal to wake briefly during the night. _1_ But if youre waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that youre awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. _2_3_ If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象) or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although theyre not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.Do a quiet, nonstimulating activity. If youve been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, nonstimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that its time to wake up. _4_ A light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day._5_ If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.AMake relaxation your goal, not sleep.BPut off worries and troubles.CUse a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.DIn fact, a good sleeper wont even remember it.EAlso avoid screens of any kind computers, TVs, cellphones or iPads.FYoull be much more productive and creative after a good nights rest.GA good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling of your body.答案：15DGAEB.完形填空(2017太原一模)Love is a hot topic, but what is love? Here is a story.It took me a long time before I was able to fully understand my grandparents love.They wrote the word “Shmily” in a surprising place for the other to find._1_ one of them discovered it, it was his/her turn to _2_ it once more in shoes, under pillows, even in toilet paper .Their way of life, rather than only a game, _3_ their love, which not everyone is _4_ enough to experience.They _5_ hands every chance they had, finished each others sentences and went to _6_ together.But there was a dark _7_ in my grandparents life.My grandmother had breast cancer.It had first _8_ ten years earlier.As usual, Grandpa was with her every _9_ of the way.He comforted her in their _10_ room, painted that color so she could always be _11_， even when she was too sick to go outside.Now, it was even worse, but they still went to church _12_.Grandma grew steadily _13_ until finally, she could not _14_ the house any more.For a while, Grandpa would go to church alone, praying to God to _15_ his wife out.Then one day Grandma was _16_._17_ was written in yellow on the ribbon (丝带) of my grandmothers funeral bouquet (花束)As the crowd thinned and the last mourners _18_ to leave, Grandpa stepped up, taking a shaky _19_， and began to sing to her.Through his tears, the song came, _20_.Thank you, Grandpa and Grandma, for letting me see.Shmily: see how much I love you.1A.ThoughBAs soon asCBecause DAs far as解析：