托福考试托福词汇特殊背景词汇大全

托福考试托福词汇特殊背景词汇大全Student-centered a.以学生为中心的 (美国主流教学法)Interactive lecture n.互动式授课Seminar n. 研讨会Group discussion n. 小组讨论Teaching assistant n. 助教Pedagogy n.教学法Teaching Methodology n. 教学法Credit n. 学分Withdraw v. 退课GPA(Grade Point Average）n.平均分数Feedbackn. 反馈Team spirit n. 团队精神Response n.答复；（读书） 感想Project n. 课题，计划，方案Evaluation n. 评估，评价Assessment n. 评分，测试，评定Assignment n. 作业 （可数名词）Versatile a.全面发展的Humanitiesn.人文科学Fine Arts n. 美术Liberal arts/studies n. 文科总称Sciences n.理科Engineeringn. 工科总称；工程学Home schoolingn.在家教育Schooling n. 学校给学生的教育Parenting n. 家长给孩子的教育Curriculum n.课程总称Curiosity n. 好奇心Creativity n. 创造力Intrinsic motivation n. 内在动机Extrinsic motivation n. 外在动机Generalist n. 通才Specialist n. 专才Distraction n. 干扰Teacher centered a. 以教师为中心Role model n. 榜样 Original a. 原创的 Self-esteem n. 自尊Self-recognition n. 自我认知Illiterate n. 文盲Literacy n. 对文字及技能的掌握Single-parent family n. 单亲家庭Enlightening a. 很有启发的Botany n. 植物学Astronomyn. 天文学Psychological soundness/well-being /welfare n. 心理健康Consult(ant)vt./n.咨询Learn things by rote 死记硬背Test-oriented education 应试教育Misbehavior/ mischief n. 不遵守纪律Theoretical knowledge 理论知识Bilingual a. 双语的Monolingual a. 单语的，只用一种语言的Field of study 研究领域Secondary school 中学Assign homework 布置作业Attend a summer camp参加夏令营Attend classes 上课Attend college/university 上大学Be competent in 在方面有能力，胜任Expand ones knowledge扩展知识Earn a credit 获得学分Develop expertise in 培养专长Career preparation 职业准备Be/get involved in outdoor activities 参于户外活动Compulsory subjects 必修课程Use/update school facilities使用/更新学校设施Orientation course 新生引导课程Real life experience现实生活经验Put a priority on优先考虑Learn by oneself 自学Promote creative thinking促进创造性思维Pursue ones individual interest追求个人兴趣Prevent school violence阻止学校暴力Optional subjects选修课Offer an educational opportunity提供一个教育机会Make a change in做一个改变Major in主修Have a diploma in获得学位Have a strong impact on对重要的影响Graduate from school毕业Feel peer pressure感到来自同龄人的压力Extracurricular activities课外活动Go through puberty经历青春期Gain updated information获得最新信息Private school私立学校Increase the education budget增加学校预算Media TV commercialsn.电视商品广告Dependable/trustworthya.可靠的Brand/designer clothes 名牌服饰Coverage n. 报道Journalists n. 记者Reporter n. 记者Informative n. 信息量大的Entertaining a.娱乐性强的Commodity n. 商品Commercialized a.商业化的Privacy n.隐私Ratings n.收视率 Go viral 在网络上走红 The press n. 新闻界 Iconn. 偶像(Idol )、象征（Michael Jordan ）Poster n. 海报 Censor n. 审查 Paparazzi n. (集体名词)狗仔队Groupies n. (多半指女孩)追星族Billboard n. （美)大幅广告牌Quiz show有奖竞猜节目Reality show真人秀节目Sitcom 情景喜剧 Soap opera 肥皂剧Current affairs 时事The print media 印刷媒体The electronic media 电子媒体Variety show 综艺节目News outlets 报道新闻的媒体Excessive violent and pornographic contents过多的暴力与色情内容 Fraudulent a.诈骗性的False/bogus a.虚假的Report sth. in graphic details 报道非常详尽的细节Objective and balanced 公正客观的Violate/intrude on/infringe on someones privacy 侵犯隐私Tarnish (or sully/ smear/ besmirch ) ones reputation 毁坏某人的名誉Cover up/gloss over/ whitewash v.掩盖Celebrities/ Celebrity n. 名人Factual accounts 如实的描述Scrutinize v. 监督/ 仔细检查Code of ethics 道德准则Ubiquitous/prevalent a.无处不在的The glitz and glamour (明星的)光环 Gossip n. 八卦Fabricated a.捏造的Family and friends Considerate a.体贴的，体谅的Show consideration 体现关心Mutual respect 相互尊重Be dedicated to 致力于A position of trustn. 信任 a breach of trust, a lack of trustplace, put | build (up), develop | earn, gain, win | abuse, betray trust Be committed to 致力于Be emotionally attached to情感上依附于Be hospitable to对友好Be isolated from孤立于Build social skills培养社会技能Feel an attraction to感觉被吸引Feel secure感觉安全Follow in ones footsteps效仿某人Form public opinion形成舆论Form an organization建立组织Support n.支持express, pledge, reaffirm, show, bolster, broaden, build (up), increase, strengthen support Have a sense of community 有社区意识Have a tendency to倾向于Have high standards高标准Improve public transportation改善公共交通It is generally agreed that普遍认同Keep an eye on照看，留心Keep something in mind牢记在心Keep up with跟上Live in a suburban area住在郊区Make a contribution to为做贡献Participate in community activities参加社区活动Pass on ones values to传递某人的价值观Pledge loyalty to宣誓对效忠Leadershipn.领导能力assume, take on/over leadershipcharismatic(有魅力的), dynamic（有活力的）, visionary（有远见的） leadership Decision n. 决定 crucial, fateful, important, key, landmark (law), major, momentous decision arrive at, come to, make, reach a decision Judgment n.判断力 prudent, professional, sound judgmentdisplay, show | rely on | respect, trust ones judgment Economy Economic recession 经济危机Pay back a loan偿还贷款Return corporate profits to society将企业盈利回报给社会Start (up) a business 创业Work overtime超时工作，加班Work part-time兼职工作Minimize ones cost of living减少个人生活开始 Meet the qualifications合格Make up a loss弥补损失Make ends meet收支平衡Make a profit 从中获利Working environment 工作环境Investment n. 投资excellent, profitable, sound, successful, wise, worthwhile investmentIn the line of duty在履行职责时Have a positive attitude towards对持有积极的态度Have a market share of拥有市场占有率Leave ones job离职Get a refund on获得退款Get a promotion升职Feel a sense of accomplishment 有成就感Go bankrupt破产Enter the workforce就业Encourage competition鼓励竞争Develop interpersonal skill建立人际关系Discourage productivity生产力下降Complain in writing/person写信/亲自投诉Compensate for 赔偿Economyn. 经济增长的-booming, buoyant, dynamic, healthy, sound, stable, strong economy下降的-depressed, flagging, fragile, stagnant, weak economybuild, rebuild，control, handle, manage, manipulate, operate, regulate, run， develop, expand economyBe on the market出售，上市Be in great demand需求旺盛An increase in population人口增长A defective product次品Work Competitive a.竞争激烈的Excel in在方面出众Blue-collar蓝领/工人White-collar白领/脑力劳动的人Negotiation n.谈判Technique n. 做事的方法或技能Triumph n.胜利Industrious n.工作勤奋的Constructive a.建设性的Stressful a.有压力的Exhausting a.令人精疲力竭的Heavy workload 大工作量Upgrade v./n.升级Colleague n.同事Co-worker n.同事Staff morale员工的工作热情Feasiblea.可行的Time-consuming a.消耗时间的Compromise n.& v. 妥协Sacrifice n.& v. 牺牲Delegation of responsibility 责任分配Psychological strain心理压力Layoff/downsizing n.裁员Conscientious a.尽职尽责的，认真勤奋的Approach n.途径Recruit v.招聘Stiff/fierce competition 激烈的竞争High-caliber a.高水准的Enthusiastic a.有热情的Nuisancen.讨厌的人或东西Self-expression n. 自我表达Self-image n. 自我印象，对自我的评价Self-esteem n. 自尊 Contentment n. 满足，满意A job description职位描述Career n.职业 long | brief, short | brilliant, distinguished, glittering, good, great, successful careerbuild, carve out, have, make, pursueboost | abandon, give up | cut short, end, ruin, wreck careerBoss someone around指使某人Obtain an entry-level position获得最基层的职位Teleconference/teleconferencingn. 远程会议Success Determination n.决心absolute, gritty（刚强的）, ruthless（残酷的）, single-minded determinationbe full of, have，express, signal determination Motto n.座右铭Charismatic n.有魅力的，有感召力的Blunder n.重大的过失，过错Well-thought-out a.深思熟虑的Adhere to 坚持 adhere to principles, rules, a dietStatus symbol身份和地位的象征Obscure a.不知名的，默默无闻的Be adept in 擅长于Insurmountable a.不可逾越的Decisivea.决定性的，有决断力的Setbackn.挫折，阻碍Upward mobility 个人通过自身的努力获得更高的社会地位Have a yearning/longing/craving for sth.很渴望得到Adversity/hardshipn.逆境Coveted a.令人垂涎的，很多人都想得到的Endorse v.赞同，认可，支持Undertaking/endeavor n.任务，事业，工作Tenacity/ perseverancen.坚持不懈Attitude n. 态度Succeed in sth. 在某方面成功Disabled a.残疾的Probability n.概率Misfortune n.不幸Reputation n.名声Prestige n.声望Fame n.名望Adaptable a.适应能力强的Despair n. & vi.绝望Glorious a.辉煌的Established a.有一定成就的Chance/opportunity n. 机会fair, good, great, ideal, wonderful chance of give sb, offer (sb), provide (sb with) | deny sb a chance of grab, grasp, jump at, seize, take the chance of Connection n.联系，（熟人）关系 build/make /establish social connection Profession/occupation n.职业，工作（formal）Work ethic 职业道德Professionalism n.专业水准Expertise n.专家，专业素养Workplace n.工作单位Entrepreneur n.企业家Enterprising a.事业心强的Daunting/formidable (task/undertaking) a.艰巨的Sleep-deprived a. 睡眠严重不足的Job satisfaction工作满意度Stability n. 稳定性Nerve-rackinga.给人精神压力很大的Stress-induced disease和压力有关的疾病Gratification n.满足感Collaborate(with)v.合作Self-employed n. 自雇的Personnel n. 人员，员工Competent a. 有竞争力的Flawless a. 完美的Insomnia n. 失眠 （insomniac）Workaholic n.工作狂Incentive n. 激励物Solidarity n. 团结Unityn. 一致Demandinga.苛刻的Compensation n.薪酬Whine v.抱怨Fringe benefits/employee benefits员工福利Compulsive a.偏执的Etiquette n.礼仪Collaboration n.合作Hectic a.超级忙碌的Government Abolish v.废除（法律，制度等）Implementv.实施Legalize v.使合法化Priority n.优先权 Establish v.建立Alleviate v.减轻The authorities 当局Forbid/prohibit 禁止Legislation n. 法律，法规Tax revenue 税收收入 Democratic 民主的 Efficient a.效率的 Optimize the distribution of resources 最优资源分配 Stability n.稳定 Combat/tackle/resolve/address/grapple withv.解决Stringent a严格的Short-sighted a. 短视的Expenditure n.支出，花费Social security社会保险Citizens/the citizenry 公民，老百姓Regulate/monitor/overseev. 规范，管理Strictly prohibit/ban altogether 严禁Mandatory/compulsorya.强制性的Scrutiny n.监督Allocate money to sth.为拨款budgetn. 预算The government spending/expenditure政府开支Curtail v. 消减Augment v. 增加Give priority to 当务之急Duty/responsibility/obligationn.责任Arms race军备竞赛Self-defensen.自卫National security/homeland security国土安全Short-sighted policy缺乏远见的政策A vicious circle 恶性循环Rules and regulations规章制度Space race 太空竞赛Laid-off workers/downsized workers下岗工人Unemployment/joblessnessn.失业Infrastructuren. 基础设施Public transportation/transit system 交通系统Power grid 电网A democratic and progressive government 民主与开明的政府 Transportation Traffic congestion交通堵塞Public transit 公交系统Sky train 轻轨Magnetically-levitated trains 磁悬浮列车Reckless driving 不负责任的开车Culprit/offender n.冒犯者Traffic volume/volume of traffic 交通量Soar v. 激增Packed/crowded/sardine-packed a.拥挤的Population explosion/boom 人口激增Impose higher taxes on提高征税Pedestrian n. 行人Finev.&n.罚款limon.加长轿车(limousine )Metropolitan a. 大都市的 n. metropolis Overcrowding n. 过度拥挤Collision/car accident n. 撞车Density of population 人口密度Overpass n. 立交桥，天桥Underpass n. 地下过街通道Internal combustion engine n. 内燃机Petrol-driven a. 汽油驱动的Hydrogen-driven a. 以氢气为动力的Chaotic a. 混乱的Environment Pollutant n. 污染物Minimize v尽可能减少，最小化Dump v. 倾倒Recycle v. 循环使用Irrigation n.灌溉Inhabit v. 居住于Conserve v. 节约使用Preserve v. 保护Reuse/recycle v. 再利用Pollute/contaminate v. 污染The ec