研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.doc

翻译Unit1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。LiMingwasachemistrymajor,acharmernotedforhiseasygoingandhumoroustemperament.However,hisEnglishwassopoorthathealwaysbarelygotby.TheteacheradmonishedhimthathispoorEnglishwouldbeanimpedimenttoscholarship.Whatsmore,sheshowedhertrumpcard:ifLiMingdidnotworkhard.Shewouldflunkhim.HewasalsotoldthatheshouldnotlearnEnglishmerelyforthesakeofhisdiploma.otherwise,evenaftergraduationfromuniversity,hewouldstillbesemiliterate.AlthoughLiMingdidnotlosehiscomposure,hewaswellawarethathehadtosettledowntoworkandfollowthroughbecausehisacademiclifewasatstake.Unit2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。Linda,mygoodfriend,hasreceivedgoodeducationandisbothbeautifulandelegant.Shewasnotproposedtoevenwhenshewaswelloverthirty.Thereasonisthatshe,asacareer-orientedwoman,isdevotedtoherwork.Navigatingbetweenhomeandthecompany,shehad hardlyanytimetosocializewithpeopleoftheoppositesex.Herparentsweregrippedbyanxietyatthethoughtoftheirdaughterstillremainingsingleatsuchanage.Theydidnotknowwhattodoandevenconsultedwithsomesociologists.Butthesituationbegantochangelastmonth,whentheheadquartersofthecompanytransferredLindatothetrainingdepartment.Onthenewpost,Lindametamanwhotuggedonherheartstringsforthefirsttime.Eversincethen,theydatedvirtuallyonadailybasis,andLindarealizedthatshewouldlovethemanbeyondallreason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Lindas love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I dont know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的一项成就。尽管一小撮由厂商雇佣的怀疑论者质疑研究的科学性，并嘲笑人们胆子太小，但不少消费者已经开始重视食品添加剂问题，并转而食用天然食物和新鲜食物。部分专家表示，一旦消费者针对食品商的欺诈行为提起诉讼，他们愿意提供证词。Thedisingenuousnessoffoodsuppliershasbecomeaseriousissueintodayssociety.Someofthemdefraudthepublicbydisinformationandextollingfoodadditivesasagreatachievementinfoodindustry.Theyalsoclaimthatadditivesatamoderateleveldonoharmtohealth.Somerighteousscientistshavemadein-depthpathologicalinvestigationsintothecontentandtoxicityoffoodadditives.Theirfindings,which suggestthatsomecommonfoodadditivesmayleadtohealthrisksifusedforalongtimeareregardedasalandmarkeventintheresearchoffoodsecurity.Althoughagaggleofskepticshiredbyfoodmanufacturersquestionwhethersuchresearchesarescientificallybasedandevenderidepeopleastimid,manyconsumersarebeginningtopayattention tofoodadditivesandturningtonaturalandfreshfood.Someexpertspromisetogivetestimonyifanyconsumerchargesfoodsupplierswithracketeering.Unit4电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短的几秒钟之内发送并接收详尽的文件资料。这就使人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司空见惯的事情， 唯一的障碍是时区的不同。但是，另一方面，阅读电子邮件也会吞噬我们相当多的工作时间。有时，我们大部分的时间和精力都用于阅读未经索要而寄来的邮件以及删除垃圾邮件。不过，我所收到的许多未经索要的邮件都还值得一读，不分青红皂白地将它们全部删除显得有些鲁莽。毕竟，我收到的许多邮件都来自我的同事和上级。在我看来，电子邮件有助于缓和办公室里的等级观念. 通过电子邮件向老板提些建议比面对面的交谈容易得多。但是不利之处在于，如果电子邮件被曲解，会导致伤害以及对别人的冒犯。电子邮件是福也是祸。用得好，它可以带来许多益处；用得不好，它也会招致许多麻烦。The effect that e-mail has on our professional and personal life is mind-boggling. People thousands of miles away from each other can send and receive detailed documents within mere seconds. This allows us to take on a multitude of projects, to pool our collective efforts in a way that wouldnt have been possible before. It has become routine for us to correspond and exchange files with people overseas. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones. But on the other hand, e-mail can eat up a substantial portion of our workday. Sometimes, most of the time and effort involved is going through unsolicited message and deleting junk. However, many of the unwanted messages I receive are actually worth reading, so it would be reckless to wipe them all out without further investigation. After all, many of the messages I receive come from coworkers and superiors. In my opinion, e-mail may help flatten hierarchies in an office setting. It is far easier to make suggestions to our bosses via e-mail than it is to do so in a face-to-face talk. But the downside of it is that e-mail, if misinterpreted, may result in some hurt feelings, and offenses. E-mail can be a blessing or a curse. Used properly, e-mail can offer great advantages. Used poorly, it can cause enormous troubleUnit 5在现代社会，尽管社会进步，物质丰富，人们总感到有些地方不对劲，但却又难以明确指出到底问题出在哪儿。空虚，没有归属感，缺乏稳定的社会关系似乎都成为人们略感不快的来由。人们对于快乐这个棘手的话题，似乎都有共识：若问及人们生活怎样，他们会谈及他们的家人、工作等而非仅仅是回答他们的薪水多少。对他们而言，生活的质量比薪水的数量更加重要。而政治家们却对此难以理解，为这些难以测量的家庭价值观念而感到困惑。实际上，政府可以发挥积极地作用来响应人们对于快乐幸福的渴望。最终，整个社会的幸福需要我们大家共同参与，确实，参与本身就能带来快乐。Inmodernsocieties,despitethesocialprogressandprosperity.Peoplealwaysfeel thatthereissomethingnotquiteright.However,itishardforthemtoputafingeronit.Afeelingofemptinessandnotbelonging,alackofdefinedsolidrelationshipseemtobethesourcesofunhappiness.Peopleallagreeonthegreatconundrumofpersonalhappiness:whenaskedhowtheyare,theywillanswerintermsoftheirfamilylifeandworkliferatherthanjustwhattheyarepaid.Forthem,thequalityoflifemeansmorethanthequantityofsalary.However,politiciansfindithardtograspthesubject,andareflummoxedbyimmeasurableconceptssuchasthefamilyvalue.Asamatteroffact,thegovernmentcantakeaprovocativeroletorespondtotheyearningforhappiness.Unit 6本文体现了作者对全球化肯定的态度，但也表达了作者对全球化所带来的挑战的焦虑。全球化在国际范围内促进了经济增长，使富有的国家持续发展，在其他地方减少贫困。因为国家经济相互依赖的程度越来越高，在各国寻求进步与安全的过程中，合作就变得至关重要。然而，问题是近来人们似乎已忘记了国际合作的价值。我们从历史的教训中知道，忽略国际法则、协议以及惯例就意味着全球化的大逆转。This essay embodies the authors positive attitude toward globalization, but it also conveys his worries about the challenges brought about by globalization. Globalization enhanced economic growth at an international level, sustaining the expansion in rich countries and reducing poverty in the rest of the world. Since national economies have become increasingly interdependent, cooperation becomes crucial in the pursuit of progress and security. Nevertheless, the problem is that the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten lately. History teaches us that bypassing international laws, agreements and institutions means incurring the reversal of globalization. Unit 7名家总是树敌众多。几乎每周都能看到所谓的专家名流身败名裂，一败涂地。比如非常得宠的历史学家安布罗斯就被曝出其五部作品过度地“借鉴”了他人的专著。美国电视节目的常客古德温曾用钱打发了被剽窃的作者。对名家的其它指控也轰然而至，如满口谎言、道貌岸然、欺世盗名。是个别现象还是整个风气的败坏？至少还有两点说明他们还是不无裨益的。首先，他们显然促进了思想的传播，使普通人有机会获取信息，还使大学得以回报社会。其次，它们有助于让学术界留住人才。归根结底美国学术界的症结在于研究视野的狭隘化。市场是只无形的手，那些欺诈之徒会为自己的错误付出代价。The celebrity professors have many natural enemies. No week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in tatters. Ambrose is an Americas favorite historian. It now turns out that five of his books contain extensive “borrowings” from others works. Goodwin, a fixture on American television, quietly mollified one of her chief victims by paying her some money. Other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors, say, take compulsive lying, hypocrisy and general flatulence. Is it a case of a few bad apples or the whole barrel? Yet there are two big arguments in favor of what they do. First, they help to circulate ideas, by giving a chance to educated laypeople to get information and universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies. Secondly, they help to keep talented people in academia. Fundamentally, the besetting sin of Amer