英语分词与动名词(学生).doc

v-ing形式：时态主动态被 动 态一般式完成式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）Im confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词动名词不定式过去分词2.动名词在句中充当的成分作_Asking for help is sometimes necessary. Eating too much is not good for your health. Teaching offers something besides money and power._Seeing is believing.作以下及物动词及词组的的_建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagineThe mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Being ill for a few days,she doesnt feel like eating anything.另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。My hair needs cutting. (=_.)作_它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法注意：动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Do you mind my / me closing the door? My closing the door made him angry.I cant stand Lao Changs / Lao Gao talking like that about other comrades.动名词的某些固定结构It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying. It is no good objecting. It is a waste of time trying to explainIt is + useless+doing sthIt is useless speaking.be on the point of + doing He was on the point of leaving.on (upon) + doing On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= _I heard the news, I changed my plans.)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.动名词短语常用在以下结构中have difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sthhave fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sthfeel like doing =would like to doDo you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?I dont feel like reading tonight今晚我不想读书。3.分词在句中充当的成分作_。单个分词放在所修饰的名词前；分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在意思上接近一个定语从句。China is a developing socialist country. The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend. (= The man _the obituary is my friend.)The broken glass scattered on the ground.注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是_的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有_意义。作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。The story is boring.I found him reading a novel. I found him surrounded by a group of children.作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.If going there by plane, well have to pay twice as much.Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smiths class. The farmer useda new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.注意：分词的特殊结构独立主格(包括不定式)有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这 种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。That being the case, wed better make some changes in the plan.Weather permitting, we will go out. = His mother _ (come) tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.The book _(written) in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构（包括不定式）常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.With his homework _(do), Peter went out to play. The little boy looks sad, with so much homework _ (do).某些固定结构generally / frankly speaking ,judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.catch+宾语+doingI caught them stealing my applesIf she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。Considering his age, he is tall. I have nothing to say concerning his speech.III.非谓语动词比较1.做主语和宾语时的比较一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。Looking after children is her job. To clean the classroom is his job today. I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today because I dont feel well.注意下列重点内容：有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意A. remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义 Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Dont forget to write to me soon. I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time. I regret missing that good film last week. I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. I regret to say I cant take your advice. B.mean：mean to do mean doing： I am sorry I didnt mean to hurt your feelings， I meant to call on you, but I was so busy. Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.C.stop：stop to do stop doing D.try：try to do， try doing：He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.E.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要i用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).F.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续干原来同一件事（动名词作宾语） After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.After writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems.G.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.（放弃）The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. （放弃）She doesnt allow (permit) smoking in her room.（允许）H.be considered to have done considerto be consider doingI.be（get）used to doing be used to do J.cant help doing cant help to do 2.做宾补时的比较 不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。 When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. I often hear her sing songs in English in her room. They had the lights burning all night long. I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now. The mother will have the doctor examine her son again. Tomorrow Ill have my hair cut. When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already. When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.3.做表语时的比较 经常性和一次性行为的区别Her job is cleaning offices. Our job today is to clean the office. 4.做定语时的比较不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。 a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking Today I have a letter to write.Please find a man to help us. 5.做状语时的比较（略）总之，不定式表将来，现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。1. The message is very important，so it is supposed _ as soon as possibleAto be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending2. I feel greatly honored _ into their societyAto welcome Bwelcoming Cto be welcomedDwelcomed3. It is worth considering what makes “convenience”foods so popular，and _ better ones of your ownAintroducesBto introduce Cintroducing Dintroduced4. As new driverI have to practice _the car in my small garage again and againAparkingBto park CparkedDDark5. I hear theyve promoted Tombut he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phoneAto promote Bhaving been promoted Chaving promoted Dto be promoted6. Susan wanted to be independent of her parentsShe tried _ alonebut she didnt like it and moved back homeAlivingBto live Cto be living Dhaving rived7. Due to the heavy rain and flooding，ten million people have been forced _ their homesAleavingBto leave Cto be leftDbeing left8. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meetingApicked up Bpicks up Cpick upDpicking up9. If we have illegal immigrants _ in，many local workers will lose their jobsAcameBcoming Cto come Dhaving come10. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we canAspeakBspeakingCspokenDto speak11. If there is a lot of work _Im happy to just keep on until it is finishedAto do Bto be doingCdoneDdoing12. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this yearAfinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound13. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?No problemAseatBsitCseatedDsat14. The trees _ in the storm have been moved Off the roadAbeing blown down Bblown down Cblowing down Dto blow down15. We finished the run in less than half the time _Aallowing Bto allow CallowedDallows16. _ the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a dayACompletingBCompleteCCompleted DTo complete 17. _ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forestANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized 18. He was busy writing a story，only _ once in a while to smoke a cigaretteAto stopBstopping Cto have stopped Dhaving stopped 19. My sister，an inexperienced rider，was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance itAhaving triedBtrying Cto tryDtried 20. _ in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of springATo walk BWalkingCWalkedDHaving walked 21. _ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email insteadAFail BFailed CTo failDHaving failed 22. _ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the carAWaitingBTo wait CHaving waited DTo have waited23. _ around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic GamesAHaving shownBTo be show CHaving been shownDTo show24. _ that she was going off to sleep，I asked if shed like chat little doll on her bedASeeingBTo seeCSeeDSeen1.He was made _.A. goB. gone C. going D. to go2.I saw the boy _ out a moment ago.A. run B. runs C. how to run D. running3.They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grew C. growingD. to grow4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting5.The television is a _ machine.A. newly-inventing B. newly-invented C. newly-inventD. newly-invention6.The workers are pouring _ steel into the model.A. meltingB. melted C. meltD. being melted7.Mr. Wang has two _ sons； one has got married and the other has gone abroad.A. grow-upB. growing-up C. grown-upD. grew-up8.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _.A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood9.-Who were those people with the banners?-A group _ itself the League For Peace.A. callingB. calls C. called D. is called10. Returning to the room, _.A. the book was lost B. I found the book missingC. the book was missingD. I found the losing book11. If _ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paintB. painted C. to paintD. painting12. He never let himself _.A. cheatingB. be cheated C. being cheatedD. to be cheated13. Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing14. Dick made it _ to all his friends.A. to know B. known C. knowD. knowing15. I had Helens brother _ the windows, but Helen had them _ instead.A. to clean； cleanedB. cleaned； cleanedC. cleaning； cleanedD. clean； cleaned16. Youd better not have the light _ all day long.A. burning B. burned C. to burn D. being burnt17. _ how to express the idea in English, he turned to the dictionary.A. Does not knowB. Not knowing C. Knowing notD. Not to know18. On entering the office, I found Mr. Thompson _ at the desk and _ something.A. seated； write B. seated； writing C. seat； writeD. seating； writing19. Please get someone _ the washing machine. I want to get it _ as soon as possible.A. to repair； to be repairedB. repair； repairedC. to repair； be repaired D. to repair； repaired20. _ more time, he could have done the work much better.A. To be givenB. To give C. Given D. Giving21. The information _ to me is of great value.A. brought B. taken C. being takenD. being carried22. The building _ next month will be a modern hospital.A. builtB. being built C. to be builtD. to built23. _, Mr. Thompson left the room.A. Drinking the coffee B. Had drunk the coffeeC. After drank the coffeeD. Having drunk the coffee24. _ afraid _ behind, Bill studied even harder than ever before.A. To be； of fallingB. Being； fall C. Being； of falling D. To be； to fall25. _ more attention, your dictation might have been done much better.A. To giveB. If giving C. Giving D. Given26. _ the cap, I couldnt help _ our team leader.A. To see； thinking of B. On seeing； to think ofC. Seeing； thinking of D. Seeing； to think of27. Would you like Helen _ you since you have some difficulties?A. helping B. to help C. has helpedD. help28. Oliver climbed up the hill _ swimming in the cold weather.A. to goB. gone C. goingD. go29. Maria would not go to the party, as she had no fine dress, no jewelry _.A. to showB. shown C. showing offD. to show off30. I saw him _ behind the tree, thinking.A. satB. seated C. seatingD. seat31. What he said made us deeply _.A. move B. moved C. moving D. being moved32. Im pleased to see the problem _ so quickly.A. settledB. having been settled C. be settled D. settle33. Will you be able to attend the lecture _ next week?A. giving B. given C. to be givenD. being given34. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president who attending D. The presidents attending35. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he had been toldC. He had been told D. Having told36. Walking down the street the other day, _.A. I saw unusual something happenedB. a terrible accident happenedC. something unusual was seen by meD. I saw a terrible accident37. _, I dont like her sister.A. Telling the truth B. Been told the truth C. To tell the truth D. To tell the true38. We walked as fast as we could _ to catch the train.A. hopingB. to hope C. we hopedD. being hoped39. _ from the top of the hill, the lake is just like a mirror.A. Having seen B. Seen C. To seeD. Seeing40. _ his homework, he went out to play.A. Having done B. Done C. He has done D. He had done 1. Saying always has less difficulty than _.A. doneB. doing C. to doD. having done 2. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesnt like _ today.A. to swimB. swimming C. swim D. to have swim 3. She said she was sorry _ the train, so she had to stay here for another day.A. missingB. having missed C. to missD. to have missed 4. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry.A. His being madeB. He has made C. He had makingD. His making5. Youd better not have the lights _ all day long.A. burningB. burned C. to burn D. being burnt 6. It is _ thinking about it now.A. of no useB. not use C. no useD. not of any uses 7. -Would you like to sing a song for us? -_.A. I prefer notB. I prefer not to C. I prefer to not D. I wouldnt prefer 8. During the next ten years, she had to work hard _ for the necklace.A. payingB. to pay C. for payingD. in order to paying 9. Janet was angry at _.A. my not waiting for her B. I didnt wait for herC. me not wait for her D. me to not wait for her 10. Please get someone _