金融财经类常用词汇表达.doc

金融财经类词汇 azAaccommodative monetary policy适当的货币政策according to the international practice按照国际惯例adverse selection逆向选择adjustable fatigue调整疲劳症affordable housing projects安居工程aggregate demand总需求（社会总需求）aggregate purchasing power社会商品购买力aggregate supply总供给（社会总供给）allocative efficiency资源配置效率allocative decision(基金等的)分配方案anti-dumping duty反倾销税anti-inflation policy反通货膨胀政策arms length transactions独立交易；非关系户交易Article VIII country经常项目可兑换的国家；接受国际货币基金组织协定第八条款austerity policies紧缩政策autarky 封闭经济（指由政府造成的，含贬义） B blue chip stock蓝酬股bonded area保税区bottom (trough) of business cycle周期谷底bridge bank过度银行budget constraint预算约束business cycle经济周期business tax营业税buyers market 买方市场 C Cayman Islanders （为逃避监管）在开曼岛注册的（金融）机构capacity utilization设备利用率capital account convertibility资本项目可兑换capital budget建设性预算capital flight资本外逃；资本抽逃capital reflow资本回流carryover effect翘尾因素cautious in lending慎贷central bank lending中央银行贷款（再贷款）chain debts三角债chamber of commerce商会change in reserve assets储备资产增减change-of-ownership-based accounting principle所有权核算原则CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate) 中国同业拆借市场利率China Insurance Clause(CIC) 中国保险条款CHIPS(Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System) 同业支付清算系统circuit breaker涨跌停板city commercial bank城市商业银行claims on the non-financial sector对非金融部门债权clearing house清算所closed economy不开放经济commodity-related cash reflow商品回笼competitive devaluation竞争性贬值concealed accounts账外账concerted intervention联手干预conditional convertibility有条件的可兑换conditionality（国际货币基金组织的）贷款条件conduct of monetary policy制定和执行货币政策conform to a certain standard符合一定的标准conservatorship托管consumer price index（CPI）消费物价指数contagion effect扩散效应convergence criteria趋同标准convertible currency可兑换货币cost-push inflation成本推动型通货膨胀countercyclical policy逆周期政策countervailing duty反补贴税credit control信贷规模控制credit crunch信贷紧缩credit rating信用评级credit ratings资信评级credit reference system信用查询系统credit to related interest对关系人贷款credit worthiness信誉度creditor country债权国cross-border banking跨境银行业务currency board货币局制currency composition币种构成currency mismatch币种搭配不当currency outside bank流通中现金current account经常项目current account convertibility经常项目可兑换current budget经常性预算custody of government debt国债托管customs and practice惯例与做法cyclical divergence 经济周期不同步Ddebt fatigue债务疲劳症debt forgiveness债务减免debt overhang债务过重debt rescheduling债务重组debt service ratio偿债率（当年应付本金和利息与出口总值之比）debt-equity swap债权转股权debtor country债务国deflation通货紧缩demand elasticity需求弹性demand expansion需求膨胀demand-pull inflation需求拉动型通货膨胀denomination mismatch币种搭配不当deposit insurance system存款保险体系deposit money banks存款货币银行deregulation放松管制derivative（金融）衍生工具diminishing returns收益递减规律disbursement of foreign capital实际利用外资disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising变相社会集资disguised unemployment隐蔽性失业disintermediation脱媒现象；信贷资金绕过中介机构循环disinvestment投资萎缩效应distorted signals信号失真distributional efficiency产品分配效益domestic credit国内信贷总额domestic debt内债down-stream enterprises下游企业dual exchange rate system 汇率双轨制；双重汇率制E early-warning system风险遇警系统easing monetary policy放松银根economic depression经济萧条economic fundamentals宏观经济基本状况；经济基本面economic indicators经济指标economic recession经济衰退economic sanction经济制裁economic stagnation经济停滞economies of scale规模效益economies of scope多元效益effective supply有效供给effective tax rate实际税率electronic data interchange(EDI) 电子数据交换emerging market新兴市场endogenous shock内生冲击enforcement action强制措施entrenched interest既得利益excess capacity生产能力过剩exchange rate misalignment汇率失调exogenous shock外生冲击expenditure changing policy影响支出的政策export-oriented economy出口导向型经济external debt外债external liberalization 对外开放F final consumption最终消费final product最终产品finance companies财务公司financial crisis金融危机financial deepening 金融深化financial derivatives金融衍生物financial disintermediation脱媒；资金体外循环financial disturbance金融风波financial fragility金融脆弱financial oligarch金融寡头financial panic金融恐慌financial repression金融压抑financial turbulence金融动荡financial unsoundness金融不稳键financing gap资金缺口fine turning微调fiscal agent国库代理fiscal consolidation财政整顿（包括增收节支和改善结构）fiscal creation of money财政性发行fiscal outcome财政决算fiscal overdraft财政透支fiscal restraint财政节制fit and proper test（对高级管理人员的）资格审查flight to quality资本逃险；资本惊逃forced saving强迫储蓄foreign direct investment外国直接投资foreign exchange cover外汇抛补foreign exchange reserves外汇储备foreign exchange surrender结汇foreign exchange swap外汇调剂freely convertible currency可自由兑换货币frictional unemployment摩擦性失业full employment充分就业full face value全部面值fundamental analysis 基本面分析GGDP deflator国内生产总值缩减指数general government广义政府（包括地方政府和中央政府）general market risk一般市场风险goodwill商誉government divestiture政企分开（离）government sector政府部门government securities repurchase 国债回购gross capital formation资本形成总额gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值gross retail sales社会商品零售额H hard currency硬通货heavily-indebted poor countries(HIPCs) 重债穷国hedge fund对冲基金；避险基金；套利基金herd instinct羊群效应hidden inflation隐蔽性通货膨胀hidden unemployment隐蔽性失业home country母国hostile takeover敌意收购hot money热钱；游资hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀Iincentive structure激励机制incomes policy收入政策Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则independent accounting独立核算indexation指数化industrial policy产业政策infant industry幼稚产业inflation expectation通货膨胀预期inflation inertia通货膨胀惯性inflation tax通货膨胀税informatics信息产品information asymmetry信息不对称information disclosure信息披露inheritance tax 遗产税insider transactions内幕交易insolvency资不抵债；失去支付能力Institute of London Underwriters伦敦保险协会institutional investors机构投资者institutional purchasing power社会集团购买力institutional shareholders法人股东intellectual property知识产权interlocking relationship（在不同金融机构）兼职关系involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业issue IOU 打白条 Jjudicial proceeding法律诉讼Llabor shedding消减冗员lagged effect滞后效应laid-off employees 下岗工人legal jurisdictions法律管辖权legal tenders法币less developed countries(LDCs) 欠发达国家leveraged buyout杠杆收购（指主要通过借款收购公司）LIBOR(London interbank offered rate) 伦敦同业拆放利率limit down跌停板limit up涨停板listed corporations上市公司low-cost housing projects安居工程Mmacroeconomic management宏观调控；宏观管理macroeconomic objectives宏观管理目标；宏观经济目标managed floating exchange rate有管理的浮动汇率mandatory measures指令性措施mandatory plan指令性计划market access市场准入（指商品和劳务的进入）market capitalization市值market entry市场准入（指机构的审批）market exit市场退出market failure市场调节失调market maker造市者market producer市场生产者market risk市场风险market segmentation市场分割market share市场占有率；市场份额marketability适销性；产销衔接material injury实质性损害merchandise trade商品贸易（相对于服务贸易而言）monetary base基础货币monetary condition银根monetary contraction银根紧缩monetary overhang货币供应过多monetary policy stance货币政策态势monetary survey货币概览money illusion货币幻觉money laundering洗钱money supply货币供给mono-bank system大一统的银行体系moral hazard道德危害；道德风险moral persuasion道义劝说most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇mull and void无效的，作废的multilateral netting多边轧差multiple currency practice多重货币做法multiple exchange rate regime多重汇率体制mutual fund共同基金NNASDDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System）美国券商协会自动报价系统national disposable income国民可支配收入national income国民总收入national saving国民储蓄national treatment国民待遇natural unemployment rate自然失业率net domestic product（NDP）国内生产总值neutral fiscal policy中性财政政策new sources of economic growth新经济增长点nominal anchor名义支撑点non-bank financial institutions非银行金融机构non-financial corporate sector非金融企业部门non-investment grade非投资级别non-performing loans不良贷款non-profit organizations非盈利机构notary public公证人Ooff-budget expenditure（revenue）预算外支出（收入）offshore banking离岸银行业务offshore financial center离岸金额中心open economy开放经济open inflation显性通货膨胀open market operation公开市场操作opening price开盘价operational target操作目标opportunity cost机会成本outlay overrun超支output gap产出缺口outstanding household deposits居民储蓄存款余额over competition过度竞争 overstaffing人浮于事over-the-counter （OTC） transaction场外交易owners equity所有者权益Ppaid-up capital实缴资本par value面值pay-as-you-go pension scheme现收现付养老金制度peer pressure伙伴国压力pegged exchange rate钉住汇率pension fund养老基金per capita GDP人均国内生产总值per capita income人均收入performance-based pay system按劳付酬制度phased implementation逐步到位policy bank政策性银行policy instrument政策工具policy mix 政策组合policy slippage政策失误；政策偏差policy-related operations政策性业务portability （of pension funds,etc.）（养老金等的）可携性；可转移性portfolio investment证券投资poverty alleviation扶贫pre-emptive adjustment预调preferential policies优惠政策（倾斜政策）price liberalization价格放开price-earnings（P/E） ratio市盈率pricing-mechanism价格形成机制primary industry第一产业primary market一级市场procyclical policy顺周期政策professional ethics职业道德progressive tax rate累进税率prudential supervision审慎监管public good公共物品public sector公共部门（包括政府，国有企业及政府所有的其他机构）public sector borrowing requirement公共部门融资缺口public utilities公用事业purchasing power parity（PPP）购买力平价purchasers price购买者价格 Qquality stock绩优股quasi-fiscal deficit准财政赤字quasi-money准货币Rrational expectation合理预期real effective exchange rate实际有效汇率real time实时realized profit实现利润recapitalization资本重组；补充资本receivership接管reciprocal holdings相互持股recognition of bad debt清分坏账red chips红酬股regional disparity地区差别registered capital注册资本reluctance to lend惜贷rent seeking寻租repatriation of profits利润汇回replacement cost重置成本repository智囊团；知识库repurchase agreement （repo agreement）证券汇购协议required reserves存款准备金；法定准备金reserve bank储备银行reserve currency储备货币reserve requirement存款准备金（要求）restrictive policies限制性政策restructuring plan重组计划retail price index （RDI）零售物价指数retail shares散股retaliatory tariff报复性关税return on assets （ROA）资产利润率return on capital资本利润率returns on equity （ROE）权益回报率risk awareness风险意识risk clientele effect客户的风险群体效应risk monitoring and warning system风险监控和警戒系统 royalty资源税rule of law法治run on banks挤提存款Rsafety net安全网scarcity economy稀缺经济secondary market二级市场segregation of financial industry金融业分业经营self-financed investment自酬投资self-identifying自己识别sellers market卖方市场shadow price影子价格snowballing雪球效应social security contribution社会保险税social security社会保障social welfare社会福利soft budget constraint软预算约束soft landing软着陆sovereign credit国家信用sovereign rating主权信用评级sovereign risk主权风险special drawing right（SDR）特别提款权specific tax从量税stagflation 滞涨standard money本位币statutory legislation 法律规定sterilization operation对冲操作stock pile产品积压stocks and flows存量和流量structural distortion结构扭曲structural imbalance结构失调structural rigidity结构僵化structural unemployment结构性失业sub-contractors分包商subordinate debt 次级债务subscribed capital 认缴资本subsidiary companies子公司substandard loans次级贷款sunrise industries朝阳产业sunset industries夕阳产业supervisory board监事会surcharge附加税surtax附加税sustainable economic growth可持续经济增长SWIFT国际金融电讯协会SWIFT（Society for Worldwide International Financial