高中-定语从句的梳理和总结.doc

定语从句一概念：定语的作用：说明名词的特点和状态，对名词进行修饰或限定。如： a (bright) rooma girl (in red)the neighbor (next to me)这些是由一个词或一个词组修饰或限定一个名词，充当名词的定语。也可以由一个句子修饰或限定一个名词说明名词，充当名词的定语。充当名词的定语的句子称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰或限定的名词称为先行词二定语从句的结构：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句象任何一种从句一样，定语从句也必须有一个引导词来引领整个从句。定语从句的引导词称为关系词。关系词分为性质不同的两类关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，充当主语，宾语。（特殊：whose充当定语，as可充当表语。）关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，充当状语（时间，地点，原因，方式等）关系词与先行词关系与从句的关系例句关系代词Who 指代人主语宾语（可省略）This is the girl who lives next door. They chose a person who they wanted.Whom 指代人宾语（可省略）This is the girl whom I teach.Which 指代物主语宾语（可省略）He told me a story, （which）is very interesting. This is the pen which I am looking for.That 既可指人也可指物主语宾语（可省略）He told me a story which/that is very interesting.This is the girl who/ that I teach. Whose 既可之人也可指物定语This is the house whose window broke last night. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.As 主语宾语表语We have found such materials as war used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.关系副词When 时间When =表示时间的介词（如：in,at ,during等）+which时间状语I still remember the day when(on which) I first came to Beijing.Where 地点Where=表示地点的介词（如：in,at,on,under等）+which地点状语Can you tell me the office where(in which) he works?Why 原因Why =表示原因的介词（如：for）+which原因状语Do you know the reason why he is absent?三、对名词进行修饰或限定的定语从句称为限制性定语从句。如果名词是确定的人或事物，从句只起到对名词的情况进行补充说明的作用，这类定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，需用逗号与主句隔开。非限制性定语从句关系词不能用that，关系词不能省略。先行词是事物，须用which.先行词是人物，作主语须用who; 作宾语须用whom.（不可用who）His mother ,who loved him very much, died in an accident.We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy.非限制性定语从句还可以对前面的整个主句进行补充说明.He gave me some advice as well as some money, which is very kind of him.四、定语从句考查热点（一）关系代词“that”和”which”的区别只用that1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no ,some, few等修饰时3. 先行词有最高级形容词和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词有the only, the very 修饰时6. 句子前面已经有who/which时,为避重复 1. He told me everything that he knows,2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only student that has passed the exam.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?不用that1. 非限制性定语从句2. 介词+关系代词3. 先行词是that时,关系词用which4. 先行词是those, one, he时,多用who1. The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.2. He was educated at the local high school,after which he went on to Beijing University.3. Those who want to go can sign your names here.在非限制性定语从句中，不用that：若指物用“which”，指人用“who”或“whom”;若替代主句中的整个内容，用“which.”F By serving others ,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself ,_can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A.who B.which C. what D.that五、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 e.g The man with whom Mr.King competed was a very confident fellow.在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词？方法一：看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配1、 He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.2、 The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.3、 He advised me to buy some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.方法二：看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配1、 He made a hole in the wall ,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.2、 The comments on their product ,_ which this is one example ,are very sharp.方法三：根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配1、The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2、We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us,_ we gave some bells and glasses.A. to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which六、名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom名词/代词/数词+of,表示物用which ;表示人用whom.1、The man pulled out a gold watch ,_ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 2、We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people ,most of _ are healthy.A.that B. which C.what D.whom七、whose的用法1、Dont use a bike _ brake doesnt work well.2、Last month ,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from_ effects the people are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what 八、关系代词as和which的区别 1、_ is often the case ,we have worked out the production plan.A.which B.when C.what D.As2、His movie won several awards at the film festival ,_ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it区别：1、 which代替前面的句子，表示“这一点，这件事”而as代替前面的句子，表示“正如，好像”2、 which引导的从句不能放在主句之前3、 as常形成一些固定搭配，例如：AS is well knownAS has been mentioned above AS is often the case AS it often happensAS is expected /said /reported4、 当先行词与as ,so,such ,the same 连用或先行词本事是such ,the same时，关系代词用as .as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。5、 1）He is not such a man as only think of himself.6、 2) I will read as many books as are required. 试比较： 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句） 定语从句与强调句比较Is it the school we visited three years ago has changed rapidly?（that which what where)真题再现1By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007年湖南卷) Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解析：B 考查定语从句。先行词为前面整句话所表达的内容，故用which引导一个非限制性定语从句。2._is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. AWhich BWhen CWhen DAs解析：D as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，放在句首。3The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it run