2019高考英语词汇考查题型练Unit3Lifeinthefuture（含解析）新人教版.docx

Unit 3李仕才 一、词汇复习（一）单句语法填空1(2015浙江杭州地区七校模拟改编)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I _(answer) your call. 答案：had answered句意为：当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用had done形式。2(2015湖南怀化质检改编)Had it not been for my teachers help, I wouldnt_(win)the first place in contest. 答案：have won条件从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“should/would/could/mighthave done”。根据句意答案为have won。3(2014湖南，22改编)If Mr.Dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 答案：had been句意为：如果杜威先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。4(2014甘肃天水一中段考改编)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he _(come) tomorrow than today. 答案：camewould rather后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的假设。5(2012陕西，17改编)If my car_(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. 答案：had been句意为：如果我的车更可靠点儿的话，我去年夏天就会开车去拉萨，而不是坐飞机去了。根据语境可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故if条件句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would/could/might/shouldhave过去分词”。（二）英汉互译144.aspect n. _145.impression n. _146.take up _147.constant adj. _148.constantly adv. _149.jet n. _150.jet lag _151.flashback n. _152.previous adj. _153.uncertain adj. _154.guide n. vt. _155.tablet n. _156.expertise n. _157.capsule n. _158.steward n. _159.stewardess n. _160.opening n. _161.sideways adv. _162.surrounding n. adj. _163.tolerate vt_. 164.combination n. _165.lack vi. & vt. n. _166.adjustment n. _ 167.mask n. _168.be back on ones feet _169.hover vi. _170.carriage n. _171.press vi. & vt. n. _172.fasten vt. _173.belt n. _174.safety belt _175.lose sight of_176.sweep up _177.flash vt. & vi. _178.switch n. vt. _179.timetable n. _180.exhausted adj. _181.slide into _182.optimistic adj. _183.pessimistic adj. _184.speed up _185.pedal n. _186.alien n. adj. _187.mud n. _188.desert n. _189.enormous adj. _190.imitate vt. _191.moveable adj. _192.citizen n. _193.typist n. _194.typewriter n. _195.postage n. _196.postcode n. _197.button n. _198.instant n. adj. _ 199.receiver n. _200.efficiency n. _201.efficient adj. _202.ribbon n. _203.dustbin n. _204.dispose vt. _205.disposal n. _206.ecology n. _207.greedy adj. _208.swallow vt. _209.material n. _210.recycle vt. _211.manufacture vt. _212.goods n. _213.etc abbr. _214.representative n. adj. _ 215.settlement n_216.motivation n. _二、阅读理解APollutions great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycleconstruction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.1.What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.Why are green roofs used ?A. They fit the surrounding environment wellB. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofsC. They can keep natural water for use in everyday lifeD. They can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。BAerial(空中的) performer Jennifer Bricker was born without legs, but she never let it stop her.Wrapped in a loop(圈) of red silk hung from the ceiling, Jennifer Bricker climbs and twists to the music. Her head hangs down and her strong arms let go as she balances on her back, high above the grounda move that is all the more daring because she has no legs.Jennifer was a few months old when she was adopted by Sharon and Gerald Bricker. She had big brown eyes, a bright smile, and huge amounts of energy. When a doctor advised her adoptive parents to carry her around in a kind of bucket(桶), they refused.Jennifer soon learned to walkand runon her hands and bottom, and grew up fearlessly climbing trees and bouncing on the trampoline(蹦床) with her three older brothers. “My parents didnt treat me differently so I didnt grasp the concept that I was different. I knew I didnt have legs but that wasnt stopping me from doing the things I wanted to do.”At the age of three she was fitted with artificial legs, but she never really took to themshe moved more freely without them.In 1996 the Olympic Games took place in Atlanta. Jennifer loved to watch the womens gymnastics team, and especially adored the 14yearold Dominique Moceanu who competed for the US. When Moceanu and the womens team won the gold, Jennifer decided she was going to be a gymnast, too. She took up power tumbling, which involves performing floor exercises down a runway. But Jennifer did not want any allowances to be made for her disability.At the age of 10 she took part in the Junior Olympics and by age 11 she was the tumbling champion for the state of Illinois.Jennifer now travels the world as an inspirational speaker and acts as an aerial performer.【解题导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文。Jennifer Bricker天生无腿，但在自己的努力下，她参加了青少年奥运会，并成为世界著名的励志演讲家和空中表演演员。1What do we know about Jennifer Bricker?AShe felt embarrassed without legs.BShe was brought up as a normal child.CShe was carried in a bucket as a baby.DShe lost her legs when she was adopted.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My parents didnt treat me differently so I didnt grasp the concept that I was different.”可知，Jennifer的父母对待她和对待其他孩子没有什么不同，她也没有觉得她和其他孩子有什么差异；结合第三段的第三句“When a doctor advised her adoptive parents to carry her around in a kind of bucket(桶), they refused.”可知，她的父母拒绝了医生的建议。据此可知，她是像正常的孩子那样被带大的，故B项正确。2Why did Jennifer determine to be a gymnast?AShe knew that she was different from others.BShe wanted to make allowances for her disability.CShe was eager to participate in the Junior Olympics.DShe was greatly influenced by Dominique Moceanu.D解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Jennifer loved to watch the womens gymnastics team, and especially adored the 14yearold Dominique Moceanu who competed for the US. When Moceanu and the womens team won the gold, Jennifer decided she was going to be a gymnast, too.”可知，Jennifer喜欢看女子体操队的表演，尤其喜爱为美国而战的14岁运动员Dominique Moceanu；在Dominique Moceanu和女子体操队获得金牌后，她决定也从事体操事业，故D项正确。3Which of the following can best describe Jennifer Bricker?ASelfrespecting.BCautious.CSensitive.DClever.A解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Jennifer Bricker在几个月大的时候被领养，虽然天生无腿，但是她仍和其他正常孩子一样成长。在观看了奥运会的体操表演后，她决定做一名体操运动员，并获得成功。据此可以判断，她是一个自强自爱的人，故A项正确。4What is the passage mainly about?AThe sufferings of a gymnast.BThe memory of an aerial performer.CThe experiences of an adoptive family.DThe growing process of a disabled person.D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Jennifer Bricker天生无腿但后来在自己的努力下参加了青少年奥运会，并成为世界著名的励志演讲家和空中表演演员的故事。据此可知，本文介绍了一位残疾人的成长之路，故D项正确。三、七选五A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1. But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 2 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats n