自己总结的考研英语应试技巧.doc

一、阅读：文章结构：总-分；总-分-总；转折；举例。u 常出题的地方：文章的首段、尾段；转折段落；举例段落。u 最新趋势，最后一段不是总结，而是补充。注意，这里可能会以干扰项的形式出现。出题顺序：文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。文章主旨：u 可以概括为“谁和谁的关系”。主要通过首段或者前两段来把握。如果弄不懂具体的 “关系”，一定要弄明白“谁与谁”。比如，一篇文章说的是A与B之间如何如何。若问题问你A，选项有B的，往往就是正确答案。若问你B，你就可以先把没有A的选项排除。u 因果关系的题，把握主旨就可以了。正确选项反应的应该是实质的，根本的内容。选项反应的若是很具体的某一表现，一般都是干扰项。u 如果可以排除2个选项，剩余选项选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。不知道主旨就把握关键词。u 就某个词或者某个句子设问题，不用去研究这个词什么意思，把握主旨即可，全文主旨和段落主旨(前者更重要)。每段最重要的地方：段首；段尾；转折句；带引号句子；举例句这些即中心句出现的地方。（中心句：反应文章的主旨和每一段的中心意思的一句话。）u 重点看段首和段尾，把握这两句话哪一句话是重点，选项中有相近意思的，一般就是正确答案。若是叙事段，重点看非叙事部分。u 转折（第三行）：有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。它一般由两句或者两句以上组成，是个长难句。Eg：that mean，the notion is that。要把握句子的主干，即作者想说的是什么(把握作者强调的是哪个句子)。这样的句子，若出题的话，句子的主干就是正确选项。u 带引号：某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点。要把握有感情色彩的词。u 举例段：中心句一般在举例前后。补充u 用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，错。u 原句重复出现，错。u 选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的(要有这个意识)。u 选项中出现ONLY的，目前还没有对的。u 一般而言，some people，表作者不认同的观点。few people，表作者的认同的观点。u yet表转折，hardly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。u 如果原文中出现“ A is B and C”。若某一问题，选项中出现了B没C，或者只出现C没B。肯定错，直接排除。注意，这里说的B和C，是单词或者短语。这是干扰项的特点之一。 u 句子否定再否定（表肯定），否定否定再否定（还是否定）。3重否定的句子，基本上会设题，这句话里的关键词一定要找出来。u 若某个问题是特别长的一个句子，一定要看清问的是什么，别打马虎眼。这是做题时需要留意的地方。u 每个问题要还原到文章具体的某一段落。若此问题在某段的后半部分，且你没有太看懂，这段已经完事了，要养成一个习惯。接着看一下段的第一句话。实在做不出来的话，就选那个和下一段第一句话的意思差不多的选项。u 词汇题的正确答案，往往隐藏在原文的该处附近(就是那个同义替换词)，原文这附近的句子，是并列关系或者解释说明句的，就从这些句子的关键词的相近意思去把握。是转折关系的，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。u 没有连续三个答案都一样的情况；连续两个答案都一样的情况为03个；相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为1720；在五个一组的答案中，至少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项，在每组接缝处不会连续两个答案都一样。二、完型填空（红花绿叶+其余全选A）、红花词（必选的词）：However，although，yet，because。、绿叶词（必不选的词）： since，ever since，now that，what 虚拟语气系列词：if only，in case，lest，or else，if only 表示关于的词：as to、with regard to、with/in reference to、about。三、作文Top 1：社会民风专题（诚信、共赢、勤俭、节约）互信mutual trust诚信credibility品德morality创新innovation共赢all-win欺诈fraud代价cost社会文明social civilization 假冒伪劣产品fake commodities社会危害harm to society学术造假academic cheating减少浪费reduce waste促进改革promote reform诚实为上策Honestly is the best policy.减轻负担reduce the burden of调整产业结构adjust the industrial structure物质文明、精神文明一起抓pay equal attention to the material progress and cultural progress形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的良好社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practicel.”诚信-食品安全问题From the cartoons given above, we can see that the cow is explaining to the little baby that it is not her fault for giving the poisoned power milk/the keeper is feeding the pig with Clenbuterol(瘦肉精).The cartoon wisely reflects the food safety issues(食品安全问题) which occur in recent years. Food safety related to peoples health and it concerns about peoples basic livelihood. Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008,the entire society was increasingly concerned about food safety issue. It was in this context that the food safety issuehas been referred to an unprecedented height.Problems leading to food safetyare as follows: 1) using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process; 2) adding toxic substances（有毒物质）; 3) excessive use of food additives（食品添加剂）; 4) abusing of chemical additives and so on. There are many reasons that cause this problem. It is regulators, producers, and even consumers who share the responsibilities.As Confucius instructed: better late than never.Prompt and strict measures should be taken toturn back（扭转）this evil trend. The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up（制定）tougher laws to crack down onthose irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry again.I am firmly convinced that through our combined efforts we are bound to enjoy more risk-free foodsin the days ahead.从上面的卡通图片我们可以看到：一只奶牛正在向这个小宝宝解释说生产有毒奶粉不是她的错/饲养员正在给猪喂瘦肉精。该卡通图片巧妙地反映了近年来我们社会中存在的食品安全问题。食品安全问题关系到人民健康，是最基本的民生问题。自2008年“三鹿事件”发生以来，全社会对食品安全问题的关注越来越高。正是在这种情况下，食品安全问题被提到了空前的高度。食品安全主要存在以下问题：在生产食品过程使用劣质的原材料，添加有毒物质，过量使用防腐剂，滥用化学添加剂等。引起这一问题的原因有很多，监管者，生产者甚至是消费者都有责任。正如孔子教导的：晚做总比不做好。我们应该采取及时严厉的措施来扭转这一不好的局面。政府应该发起大量的道德运动以教育所有的市民，并制定更严厉的法律打击那些不负责任的企业，并禁止他们再次进入食品行业。我坚信，通过我们的共同努力，我们一定会在未来的日子中享受更多的无风险食品。Top 2：前沿科技专题（电子书、时尚购物、低俗信息、色情诱惑）网恋cyber romance网购online shopping团购Group shopping秒杀Sec-kill信誉credit退款refund网店online shop/store科学技术science and technology沉迷网络web-addiction电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务e-commerce虚拟生活virtual life信息时代information era网上冲浪surf the Internet电子书electronic book网拍麻豆Net model橱窗购Window shopping浏览器购物Monitor shopping网上评价internet review网上纠纷online dispute恶性骚扰malicious harassment品质保证quality guarantee人们对网络的依赖As is shown above, in front of a computer happily sits a teenager, attempting to work on his homework effortlessly, with the help from the internet finishing the job for him. There has been a heated discussion about this picture in the news paper recently.Simple as the picture is, it does demonstrate certain thought-provoking social phenomenon.The picture tells us that our life has been greatly influenced and changed by scientific and technological advances, anintegral part（不可分割的一部分）to every aspect of modern life. Whats more,individuals, organizations and governments attach due attention to this phenomenon. On the one hand, the progress can enhance peoples understanding on a subject, improve peoples learning capacity and skills, shrink the distance between cities and even continents; smooth the communication between residents andrid of the barrier（消除障碍）between people. Technical advances offer all people in the world a quality of life what was unimaginable（不可思议的）when personal computer first appeared 60 years ago. Our factory hums to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. On the other hand,while computers, as have been mentioned above, help students finish the academic job, but this technology, at the same time, kills their creative thinking and exploration spirit（创造思维和探索精神）.The effect of board-dependence brought by it causes the young, nowadays, even can seldom spell correctly, let alone the negative effects triggered by porn movies, violent video clips and their like.（第二段比较长，目的是让大家积累素材，考试时建议不要超过规定字数）In my view, while we are enjoying the conveniencesof the science and technology,we should keep a watching -eyes on（注意、当心）those negative practice, and aim to reduce the problems it has caused. Then the benefits of these advances will outweigh the serious problems.如图所示，在电脑前坐着一个年轻人，正准备着不花力气就把作业完成，来自网络的帮助很快就完成了所有的学习任务。最近报纸上对这样图画的讨论有很多。图虽然简单，但确实表明了一个发人深省的社会现象。这幅图告诉我们，我们的生活已经被科技的进步极大地影响了我们的生活，科技是生活中重要的一部分。个人、组织、政府都很关注之一现象。一方面科技的进步提高了人们对事物的认识，提高了人们的学习能力和技能，缩短了城市和城市之间，甚至各大洲之间的距离。使人和人之间的沟通更加顺畅。科技的进步给世界人们带来的生活在60年前第一台电脑出现的时候是不可想象的。我们的工厂里轰鸣着机器人组装臂的节奏声；我们的银行业务在自动柜员机完成，他们用礼貌的语言感谢我们办理业务；我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人四级驾驶。但是另一方面，虽然计算机在帮着孩子们完成作业，但是与此同时也在扼杀着他们的创造思维和探索精神。多于键盘的依赖使得很多孩子很少能正确的拼写和书写，就更不用提由于色情电影和暴力视频带来的负面影响了。在我看来，我们在享受科技便利的时候，一定要小心负面的应用。并且向办法去克服这些问题，这样才能利大于弊。Top 3：人生哲理专题自立self-dependence勤奋diligence恒心perseverance幸福happiness悲观的pessimistic不断努力make constant efforts缺乏自信lack of confidence保持乐观keep optimistic积极态度positive attitude消极态度negative attitude取得成功succeed, achieve success,害怕失败fear to lose自我实现individual self-realization不遗余力去做某事spare no efforts/pains to do, make great effort,坚持不懈地做某事be persistent with sth./ do with full persistence尽一切努力取得成功try every means to stay on top经得住挑战与困难stand up to/ withstand challenges and difficulties态度与幸福As is revealed in the cartoon, a boy is contemplating（认为）the true meaning of happiness. It is indeed a tough question for him: what is happiness? Making a huge sum of money, or winning true love, or keeping good health, or what? The picture is fairlythought-provoking（发人深省）, which intends to convey to us this message: Due attention should be paid tothe constant topic of humanhappiness.We can easily recognize the significance of attitude in terms of happiness. On the one hand, somehave suffered a great deal but generally remain happy.Takethe victims of Wen Chuan earthquakeas an example, they lost their families and even something more precious, but they eventually stepped out of the pain to rebuild their home.On the other hand, people who have a relatively easy and comfortable life, and yet are essentially unhappy. Without a positive attitude or the determination to find the little happiness of life, you aredestined to（注定）be grievous, no matter what kind of situation you are in.Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value optimismand apply it in our studies and work. We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude. Happiness is an attitude, not a condition, which lies in theunswerving efforts（坚持不懈的努力）to complete ones life.如图所示，一个男孩沉思着“幸福”的真正含义。这对他确实是很难回答，什么是幸福呢？挣大钱，赢得真爱，永葆健康，还是其它？这个图片令人沉思，它试图传递给我们这样一个信息：我们应该适当关注人类这个永恒的话题-幸福。我们很容易就能认识到在“幸福”这个话题中“态度”的重要性。一种情况，一些人遭受了很多，但仍然很幸福。就拿汶川地震的受害者为例，他们失去了家园，甚至是更加宝贵的东西，但最终还是走出痛苦，重建了家园。而有些人过着相对惬意舒适的生活，但一点儿都不快乐。可见，如果你没有积极乐观的态度和寻找生活中小幸福的决心，不管你身处何境，都注定是悲伤的。综上所述，我们应该重视乐观的态度并把它应用到我们的学习和工作中。因此，我们应该有一个合理的理念：幸福是一种态度，而不是一种条件，它的实现在于通过不断地努力让自己的人生更加完美。Top 4：教育专题培养cultivate课余的extracurricular填鸭式duck-stuffing文凭热diploma craze学术的academic教学改革educational reform创新学习innovative learning高等教育higher education假毕业证/文凭fake certificate/diploma考研热the craze for graduate school全体教员faculty贫困学生poverty-stricken students深造further ones study素质教育quality education德才兼备possess political integrity and professional ability提高学生身心素质improve the health and psychological quality适应社会的改变adjust to the social changes quickly努力获得精神文明make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress教育-应试教育的弊端On a tree sprout four branches, which are symbols of academic abilities（学术能力）,practical abilities（实践能力）,organization abilities（组织能力）and acting abilities（表演能力）. A saw, a symbol of education, violently cuts down three branches, leaving the only one symbolizing academic abilities.This picture illustrates a current problematic standard practice in education which stressesonly academic learning. High scores in examinations or rather academic success is apparently the main pursuit by most students, parents and teachers.In china, a great educational background is always considered as a sure ticket to a lucrative career（有钱途的职业）and a successful life. Children, consequently, are expected to go along the same growth path from a famous kindergarten to a good primary school to a key middle school and then hopefully to a well-known university. If a child shows no interest in traditional learning, even though he is talented in other fields, he will be considered as an idle person without big dreams and be severely punished.This education principle wasfruitful（有成效的）when university students were highly valued by the job market but no longer productive since the job market has greatly changed. The job market requires more than academic ability nowadays. People with admirable educational background will also fail because of lack of other abilities. There are many forms of abilities for a person, and wed better strive for a balanced development.一棵树上生出四个枝杈，分别象征着学术能力、实践能力、组织能力和表演能力。一把象征教育的锯生硬地把三个分枝砍掉了，只剩下了一个象征学术能力的枝丫。这幅图说明了当前在教育界，标准的惯例是有问题的：只强调学术学习。很明显，大部分的学生、父母、老师最主要追求的是考试中取得高分以及学术上的成功。在中国，好的教育背景一直被认为是高新工作和成功人生的入场券。所以孩子们都期待能有这样人生：从著名的幼儿园到知名的小学，再到重点高中，然后希望考上名牌大学。如果一个孩子对传统的教育不感兴趣，尽管他在其它领域有天赋，人们也会认为他是一个没有梦想无所事事的人，还会受到严厉的惩罚。当职场赋予大学生高得价值是，这个教育理念就是有益的，但因为职场有了很大的变化，这一理念已经不再有益了。现在的职场需要的不仅是学术能力，有着非凡教育背景的人因为缺乏其它能力也会失败。一个人有各种各样的能力，我们最好追求发展的平衡。Top 5：文化专题碰撞crash多样性diversity原创原始的original少数民族minority有启发的revealing极具魅力的charming壮丽辉煌的splendid谈话节目talk show英语热English fever文化和文明culture and civilization博大精深的great and profound融合交汇integration and interaction中西合璧acombinationofChineseandWesternelements中西方文化合璧As is shown in the picture，,a young American girl is wearing traditional Chinese dress and ornaments and is smiling sweetly .It may be an ordinary picture, but it conveys deep and profound meaning: national culture is also international culture.Ever since we opened our door to the world, we have attracted and influenced by things from other cultures, such as jeans, country music and fast food.We have shown such interest in them that some people, especially the younger generation, becomecrazy about them. The more exotic（异国风情的）they are, the more fashionable they seem to be. Now, national culture began to show its charm andgain popularity（受到欢迎）all over the world. Our national costume, just as shown in the picture, Beijing Opera, Cross Talk, for example, havewon favor with（得到支持）a lot of foreigners.As national culture becomes international culture, people in the world better understand each other. We are all villagers in this global village. Mutual respect and understanding（相互尊重、理解）make this world a better place to live in.如图所示，一个年轻的美国女孩穿着传统的中国服饰，笑容甜美。图片或许很简单，但它表达了深刻的含义：民族文化也是世界的文化。自从改革开放以来，外来的文化，例如：牛仔裤、乡村音乐及快餐等吸引并影响着我们。我们对这些充满兴趣，尤其是年轻人为其疯狂。他们越是异国风情，就越是时尚流行。如今，我们的本族文化开始展现其魅力，并且在全世界范围内受到欢迎。例如，图片中展示的民族服装、京剧、相声受到了很多外国人的喜爱。民族文化也是世界的，所以全世界的人们能够更好的理解对方。我们都是地球村的村民，相互的尊重和理解让这个地球更适宜居住。Top 6：伦理道德专题（尊老、爱幼、爱心）伦理ethics，moral principle道德moral，morality经济支持financially support,老年人aged father, senior citizens, old and helpless parents, elderly people, the old逃避责任shirk the duty, shun the responsibilities虐待mistreatment, be ill-treated, be neglected, be reduced to utter poverty中国文化传统美德traditional virtue of Chinese culture严厉惩罚severely punish培养意识cultivate the awareness,遏制不良现象curb evil phenomenon让座In the thought-provoking picture, a young man and a lady is sitting on the chair in a waiting room that is allocated specially for mothers with baby. Regrettably（令人遗憾的是）, they simply neglect the mother with a baby in her right arm and a big bag in her left hand standing just beside them with great efforts.The scene will set ordinary citizens to think seriously about the nations painfully declining moral climate（道德风尚的衰败）.Some of this can be attributed to the lack of morality（道德缺乏）,a problem shown particularly in the younger generation. Theirsense of moral standards（道德感标准）seems to be withering（下降）although their material comforts have been considerably enhanced.What makes matters even worse is the fact thatsuch misdeeds as spitting, picking flowers in public gardens or making noises in public places are becoming sopervasive（普遍的）that they are likely to be taken for granted（习惯成自然）by the public. With todays worsening morality, social bonds（社会联系）have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. That is why new ideas must come forward to improve the nations moral climate though the challenge cannot be underestimated（低估）.Moral decline will not bereversed（扭转）until we find new ways to improve our moral standards. For adults, we can make use of every chance to remind young people of the importance of good manners, both as acompetent citizen（合格公民）in modern society and as a model for them to follow. Only in this way canthe moral climateof our nation be improved, and we sincerely wish that the young man in the picture could realize that he has sit on a “wrong” seat.在这个法人深省的图片中，一个年轻人和以为女士坐在母婴室的座位上。遗憾的是，他们忽视掉了旁边站着的一位母亲，她右手抱着孩子左手提着个大袋子，非常吃力。这个场景让我们不禁沉思整个民族道德风气的衰败，令人痛心。导致这种现象的一些原因可以归因为道德缺失，这一现象在年轻人当中尤为明显。尽管人们物质上的舒适度提高了，但道德感却下降了。更加糟糕的是，一些不良行为，比如说吐痰，在公园采花，在公共场所大声喧哗等越来越普遍，而且公众逐渐习惯成自然。今天随着道德感的下降，社会联系也已经弱化，取而代之的是更加明显的以自我为中心。这也是为什么我们必须提出要提高全民的道德风尚，尽管挑战是不容低估的。只有找到提高道德标准的方法，我们才能逆转道德感的下降。对于成年人，作为现代社会的合格公民和年轻人仿效的榜样，我们应该利用每次机会提醒他们良好习惯的重要性。只有通过这种方式，国家的道德风尚才能被提高。我们也真诚的希望，图片中的年轻人能够意识到他坐错了座位。Top 7：环境专题（环保、节能）雾霾haze工业化industrialization空气污染指数air pollution index橙色预警orange alert悬浮颗粒物airborne particulate matter有毒物质toxic substance污浊的空气foul air空气质量检测air quality monitoring防尘口罩anti-dust gauze mask能见度低low visibility有害空气污染物hazardous airborne pollutant机动车尾气尘vehicle exhaust乘客滞留passengers stra