选修6Unit3Unit4it句型总结.doc

英语 选修6 Unit 3 & Unit 4 语法知识It的用法 It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。1 It was only when I reread his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beautyAuntil BthatCthenDso正确答案：B 此题考查强调句，所以用that。2 I hate _when people talk with their mouths fullAitBthatCtheseDthem正确答案：A 此题考查it作形式宾语的用法，所以选A。3(短文改错)David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it wouldprobably lead to a village正确答案：去掉it，因为定语从句中已有宾语which。一、要点点拔1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1) Who is the baby? Its my teachers son2) Who is that gentleman? Its my friend TomHe(不可用It) wants to see you2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如： 1) Its half an hours walk from here to our school2) Its nice and warm here3) But its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school3用作形式主语.it 没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it 给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。 1).It 替代真正的主语动词不定式短语.It is easier to say than to do .It is a good act to help the others. 2).it 替代真正的主语动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以no good, no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish 等词作表语的句中. Its no harm drinking running water in that area。 Its foolish talking like that.3).it 替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it 的句子很多,常见的有下面几类： It is a pity (a shame ,a fact ,a wonder ,a good thing,etc. )thatIt is a shame that he didnt pass the exam. It is strange ( surprising,obvious,true, good,possible,clear,etc.) that 。It was clear that they had no desire for peace. It seems (happened ,turned out,etc.)thatIt seemed that things were not as they expected. It is said( decided ,expected ,etc)that It is said that the tickets have been sold out .4.用作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。1) We find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time2) We think it no use crying over spilt milk3) We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting5用于强调句型，即“It is/was被强调部分that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。 使用该句型有以下几点请注意： 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。1) It is they who are our friends2) It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较： 1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when二、常用句型及考点I. 形式主语型 1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain) that该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.= That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 2. It is important (necessary，right，strange，natural)that 掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气 (should+动词原形)，should可以省去。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.3. It is no good (use) doing sth该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , (not any use )。It is no good learning English without speaking English.4. It is a pity (a shame ) that本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气 (should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！5. It is time (about time，high time) that该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should不能省。常译为是（正是）的时侯。It is time that children should go to bed.= It is time that children went to bed.6. It is the first (second)time that该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。It is the first time I have been here.= This is the first time I have been here.7. It is said (reported，learned)that该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 8. It is suggested (ordered) that 本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令”。It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.9. It happens (seems，appears) that该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来10. It takes sbto do sth该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为做要花费某人。It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.11. It doesnt matter whether该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。 It doesnt matter if they are old.12. It is kind (of sb) to do sth本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty, polite，rude，silly, stupid，wise，wrong等。It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so. 13. It is necessary ( for sb) to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard, difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如：It is important for her to come to the party.= It is important that she (should ) come to the party 14. It is (just) like sb to do sth 本句型为“某人(恰恰)是样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。 例：Its like him to leave the work to others 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。 15. It is up to sb to do sth本句型表示“谊由某人做”。16. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in twoII强调句型 It is+ 被强调部分+that/who 本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。III其他句型 1. It issince该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.2.It be . before .该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为之后。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not long before he finishes his job. 3 .It iswhen该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为当的时候，是。It was 5 oclock when he came here. 4. It looks (seems) as if 本句型中的as if引导一个状语从句，常译为“看起来好像”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气 例1 It looks as if he is ill (真的病了) . 例2 It looks as if he were ill (没有生病) .Exercises:一单项选择1.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 2.Was it during the Second World War _he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 3 .Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 4Our food and service are better than _ used to be.Ait Bwe Cthey Dthem5The TV sets made in China are much better than _ in Japan.Athat Bthose Cthem DIt6_ was _ who I met in the museum this morning.AIt; him BIt; he CThat; he D. That; him 7_ you come to the party so late?AWhy is it BWhy it isCWhy it is that DWhy is it that8 Were all three people in the car injured in the accident No, _ only the two passengers _ got hurtAthey were; that Bthere was; thatCit was; who Dthere are; who 9 Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have _ ?Ait Bthat Cone Dthis 10. She heard of a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 11. The climate of Shanghai is better than _ of Nanjing. A. that B. it C. which D. what12._ four years since I joined the Army. A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is13. It was through Xiao Li _ I got to know Xiao Wang. A. who B. whom C. how D. That14. So _ that no fish can live in it. A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。1._ is well know to us all that the earth is round._ is well known to us all, the earth is round. A.That B.As C.It D.Which2. _doesnt matter much whether hell come to the party. I feel _ an honour to be invited to speak here. A.this B.it C.that D.what 3. _ no wonder that he has passed the exam. _ no need for you to wait here. A.There being B.It was C.It is D.There is4. Was it the house _ Abraham Lincoln was born? Was it in the house _ Abraham Lincoln was born? A.that B.where C.which D.both A and B5. Its very kind _ you to help us. Its very important _ you to keep the balance of nature. A.for B.of C.to D with .6. It is no good _ such a thing. Its of no importance _ such a thing. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done7. Its time that we _ to school. It is the second time that we _ to Beijing. A.go B.went C.have been D.have gone8. Its tomorrow _ he is going to Beijing. It was 8 oclock _ he went to school. A.that B.when C.before D.since9. It is 3 years _ he joined the army. It will be 3 years _ we meet again.A.before B.after C.since D.when三.用it开头改写句子(14分)43. Her sisters offered to pay her fare.That was generous of them.44.Her brother invited her to stay. That was very kind of him.45.You found your wallet. That is lucky.46.You couldnt find a less expensive hotel. That is a pity.四.强调划线部分(10分)52.I want you to help me with my English.53.The days begin to get longer in February.54.We held a League meeting in the classroom. 五.改为强调结构(10分)55.The meeting will not begin until everyone is seated.56.Why did he come late for the meeting?57.How did you find his house?58.Where did the 44th World Table Tennis Championships take place?59. They said honesty is the best of all virtues. 六. 汉译英(20分)60.是Tom帮我解出了这道难题.61.正因为他在这个小城里住了多年,他对这里非常熟悉.62.就是这个湖我以前经常在这游泳.63.是爱迪生发明了电灯、留声机和许多其它东西.64.据说他是个百万富翁.答案：1 单