仁爱版英语八年级第一单元知识点小结.doc

Unit 1Topic1 Are you going to play basketball?本课重点的语法：一般将来时态be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备，打算做某事用法：be going to +V原形例句：He is going to write a letter tonight. I am going to play basketball.重点短语：(1) see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事（强调看见动作的全过程） see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调看见动作正在进行的一部分）例句 I often see Tom play basketball on the playground.我经常看见汤姆在操场上打篮球 I saw Tom playing basketball on the playground yesterday.我昨天看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。类似的词还有：hear， watch， (2) almost 副词 adv. 意为“几乎，差不多”用法：放在be动词前，动词之后。例句：Supper is most ready. 晚饭就要好了。 I most fell off my bike.我几乎从自行车上摔下来。(3) cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩例句：I cheer him on. 我为他喝彩。(4) against 介词 pre.对着，反对 play against 与抗衡/较量例句：We are against the war. 我们反对战争。 We play against the red team. 我们与红队较量。(5) prefer 较喜欢，更喜欢；用法：prefer+Ving/名词/代词例句：I prefer playing basketball.我更喜欢打篮球。 I prefer the white dog. 我更喜欢这只白狗。 I prefer it. 我更喜欢它。词组：preferto 喜欢不喜欢例句：His brother prefers English to math. 他的哥哥喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。I prefer play basketball to play football. (注意此时是用原形)(6) both and两个都；即又(后面的谓语动词用复数形式)例句：Both Yaoming and Yijianlian play basketball in the NBA.（对） Both Yaoming and Yijianlian plays basketball in the NBA.(错)(7)dream of/about 梦见 注意of/about 是介词，后面的动词要加ing例句：Last night I dreamed of flying in the sky.(8) give up+Ving/名词/代词 意为“放弃”例句：He gives up smoking. I dont give up English. Dont give it up. 注意代词放中间(9) 感叹句 What + a +感情色彩的名词！例句：What a pity!=What a shame! 多有趣啊！(10) take part in 参加，加入 join 参加，加入take part in指加入比赛或者活动 join一般指加入组织例句：She took part in running. 她参加跑步运动。 He joined the army in 1995. 他在1995年参军。(11) spend+时间 on sth /(in ) doing sth 花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上例句：He spent one hour on the book.He spent two hours (in) doing his homework.(12) exercise 作：动词，名词(不可数)， 锻炼例句：She dose morning exercise every day. (作名词) She exercises every day.（作动词）(13) be good at+doing sth / 名词=do well in 擅长做某事例句：I am good at English. He is good at playing baskerball.(14) be good for 对有益，有好处be bad for 对有害，不好例句：Exercise is good for your health. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.同类的词组还有：be good to sb 对某人好 be bad to sb 对某人不好例句：The English teacher is good to us.(15) keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康health（健康，名词） healthy（健康的，形容词） healthily（健康地，副词）(16) relax 放松 词组：relax oneself 使自己放松例句：Stop and relax yourself.(17) arrive in +大地方 (北京，上海，厦门，美国)arrive at + 小地方 （village 小村庄）get to +地点 到达某地reach+地点 到达某地上述词后跟home, here, there, back时，都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。(18) excited 激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰人exciting 令人激动的，使人兴奋的，用来修饰物区别：We are excited to hear the good news.听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。 It is an exciting story.这是个令人兴奋的故事。类似的词还有：interested 和 interesting bored 和boring tired 和tiring (19) leave for sp. 动身前往某地 leave for Shanghai 动身前往上海 leave sp. for. sp 离开某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海(20) for +一段的时间 Stay for two weeks. (两星期是一段的时间)(21) all over the world 全世界(22) hope to do sth（希望做什么） hope + 句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性大）wish sb sth（希望某人某事）wish sb to do sth（希望某人干什么）wish+句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性小表虚拟语气）I hope to become/ be a teacher. I hope he will become a teacher. I wish you good luck. I wish him to become/ be a teacher. I wish I were a bird. 单项选择1. She prefers _ basketball. A. play B. to playingC. playingD. plays2. _ do you play sports? Once a week. A. How longB. How oftenC. How manyD. How much3._ makes your body strong. A. Runing B. RunningC. To run D. Runner4. _ more sports and you can _ next year. A. Do, be health B. Doing, healthC. Do, be healthy D. Doing, healthy5. They are _ Beijing tomorrow. A. leave forB. will leave forC. leaving forD. going to leaving for6. He will be back _ four days. A. after B. inC. from D. to7. Lily the long jump, and she jumped very far. A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in 8. Cycling can make your body . A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong9.He will _ Beijing tomorrow morning, if the train isnt late. A. reached B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in 10. I am good at _ basketball. A. to play B. play C.playing D. to playing 11.Ann _ mountains tomorrow morning. A. is climbing B. climb C. is going to climb D. climbs 12. I saw Tom often _ with his father during the summer. A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming 13.Running is a good way _ fit . A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 14. He prefers _ on the weekend. A . go shopping B. going shop C. going shopping D. to go shopping15. _my father _mother are wokers.A. All; of B. Both; and C. Either; of D. Neither; nor Unit 1 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water 本课重点语法：1.Would you mind doing ？你介意吗？请你好吗？ 其否定形式为：Would you mind not doing ？ 2. Would you mind if +从句？如果你介意吗？回答时可以用：用yes 或者no 回答例如：No, not at all. / Certainly not. / Of course not. 不介意，当然可以。 I am sorry, but 对不起，但是 Yes, youd better not. 是的，你最好不要。例句：Would you mind opening windows？你介意打开窗户吗？ Would you mind my opening windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？ Would you mind if I open windows? 如果我打开窗户，你介意吗？ 3. Could you please + V 原型？ = Would you please + V 原型？请你好吗？例句：Could you please give me some water ? 请你给我些水好吗？ Sure. / Of course. 好啊，当然可以。 重点短语：(1) do sb. a favor = help sb.= give sb. a hand 帮助某人(2) one of 意为“中的一个” 后面接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词用单数。例句：One of the girls is my sister. 这些女孩中的其中一个是我的妹妹.(3) fall ill 生病(4) be glad to do sth. 乐意做某事例句：I am glad to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。(5) practice 练习 用法：practice sth/ doing sth/ 代词 例句：You can practice speaking English every day.(6) be late 迟到 例句：I am late. He/She is late./ You are late. be late for 做迟到 例句：I am late for school. 我上学迟到了。(7) manage 管理，经营，处理 用法: manage sb./ sth. 例句：She manages the hotel well. 她把旅馆管理得井井有条。 Manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例句：She manages to climb the mountain. 她设法爬上这座山。(8) need v.需要 情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，意为“必须”后面跟V 原型 用法：need to do sth. 需要做某事 need sth. 需要某物 例句：He needs some help. 他需要一些的帮助。（做动词）注意不要弄混淆 He need finish the homework. 他必须要完成家庭作业。（做情态动词）(9)do ones best to do sth.= try ones best to do sth. 努力去做某事例句：I will do/try my best to study English. (10) believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话） believe in sb. 信任某人例句：I believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他的话，但是我不信任他。(11) keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续干某事(12) be angry with sb. 生某人的气 例句：Dont be angry with others. 不要总是对别人生气。(13) with the help of sb.= with ones help 在某人的帮助下例句：With the help of the teacher, he did better.= With teachers help, he did better. (14)be sure(that ) +从句 意为：确信 be sure to do sth. 确信要做某事 be sure about sth. 对某事确信例句：I am sure that you can do well in the middle exam. I am sure to finish the task. I am not sure about the answer. (15) turn down 把调小 turn up 把调大 turn on/off 打开/关闭(16) hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事(17) be important to sb. 对某人是重要的(18) busy adj. 忙碌的用法：be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. (19) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 例句： He joins reading very much. 他非常喜欢读书。(20) have a history of + 时间段 表示有多长的历史例句：China has a history of more than 5000 years.(21)a 15-year-old girl 一个15岁的女孩 （注意year 没有加S）(22) 系动词有 get, turn, make, sound, 这些系动词的后面跟形容词 get tired/hungry 感到疲劳/变饿 turn green 变绿 make strong 变的强壮 sound interesting 听起来很有趣 (23) instead of 代替 例句：Lets stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie. (24) have fun =enjoy oneself =have a good time 玩得高兴，玩得愉快 have great fun doing sth. 非常快乐的做某事相关联系，单项选择1. Would you mind if I shut(关) the door?AYes, please. B.Ok. Do as you like C. Thats all right. D. Of course not. Do please.2. Do you mind _ up the music? A. to turn B. turning C. turn D to turning 3.Learning English well is important _ you . A . for B. to C. of D. with 4.Would you mind if _my bike here?A.I put B. I putting C. me put D. my putting 5.Your MP4 is nice. Where did you buy _ ? I want to buy _. A one, one B it, it C it , one D. one, it 6. Ann is only _ girl, but she can speak English well. A8years- old B. a 8years old Can 8year- old D. 8 years old7. Li Ping did not go shopping. He went skating _. A. of instead B instead of C instead D take the place 8. Do you mind _ the window ? A. I close B. I closing C. me close D . my closing 9. I want to be a basketball player. So I enjoy _ basketball every day. A. practice to play B. play the C. practicing playing D playing the 10. Could you please _ me around ? -Sure. A. to follow B. follow C. following D followed 11. _ the help of mother, I can cook (煮饭). A Under B Using C. With D. By Unit 1 Sports and Games Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?1I am ready for the long jump我为跳远做好了准备。be ready for+活动，表示“为准备好了”。如：We are ready for the next exam. 我们为下次的考试做好了准备。【拓展】（1）be ready for sth. 表示“为准备好”。如：Id just been ready for tea when they called他们打电话时，我刚刚把茶准备好。（2）be ready to do sth. 表示“准备好做某事”。如：We were all ready to spend the holiday. 我们都为度假做好准备了。2Its my first time to take part in the high jump这是我第一次参加跳高比赛。Its ones first time to do sth. =Its the first time for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人第一次做某事”。如：Its Marys first time to see the cute pandas=Its the first time for Mary to see the cute pandas这是玛丽第一次看到可爱的大熊猫。3. Maybe Michael will make many friends during the sports meet. 也许迈克尔在运动会期间会交许多朋友。（1）make friends with sb.与某人交朋友。如：Would you like to make friends with me?你愿意和我交朋友吗?（2）maybe adv也许，可能，大概。如：maybe与may bemaybe adv.，意为“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可放在动词之前。may be分开来写则是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，意为“可能是，也许是”。其中be还可换成其他的动词原形出现于情态动词may后。试比较：Maybe he is eighteen.=He may be eighteen他可能十八岁了。Maybe the book is in the desk. =The book may be in the desk那本书可能在书桌里。Maybe you have a good chance. =You may have a good chance. 或许你有一个好机会。4When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面?（1）shall同I和we连用，表示“将来，将要，将会”，后接动词原形。如：At this time next week I shall be in Scotland. 下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。（2）否定shall not=shant，过去式should。如：We shant go there. 我们不去那儿。I said that I should be pleased to help. 我说过我乐意帮忙。（3）在疑问句中和Iwe连用，表示提出或征求意见。如：Shall I send you the book? 我把书给你寄去，好不好?What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末我们要做什么呢?5Congratulations! 祝贺你!congratulation n祝贺、恭贺、贺词用于向某人表示祝贺，复数为congratulations。如：we are getting married! 我们要结婚了!Congratulations! 祝贺你们!Congratulations on your exam results! 祝贺你取得好的成绩!【拓展】congratulate v. 祝贺，道贺congratulate sb. (on sth.)向某人道贺如：I congratulated them on their results. 我为他们取得的成绩向他们表示祝贺。6Im so excited我太兴奋了。There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon. 今天下午还有一场令人激动的接力赛。（1）excited adj.，意为“激动的，对感到兴奋”，主语通常是人。如：The children were excited about opening their presents. 孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。（2）exciting adj.，意为“令人兴奋的”，主语通常是物，类似的词还有：interested和interesting，tired和tiring等。如：They waited and waited for something exciting to happen. 他们等啊等啊，等待着激动人心的事情发生。It is an exciting match. 这是一场令人激动的比赛。7This encourages me a lot这次对我的鼓励很大。encourage v. 鼓励。常用词组encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。如：Our English teacher often encourages us to study well.我们的英语老师常常鼓励我们好好学习。8The Peoples Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952中华人民共和国第一次参加奥林匹克运动会是在1952年。（1）the Peoples Republic of China. 中华人民共和国。缩略形式为PRC。（2）for the first time第一次。类似的短语有：for the second time第二次；for the last time最后一次。如：In 1984，she look part in the Olympics for the second time1984年，她第二次参加奥运会。In 2012，he will take part in the Olympics for the last time2012年他将最后一次参加奥运会。9Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the l984 Los Angeles Olympics.许海峰在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为中国夺得第一枚金牌。win v.获胜，赢；n. winner获胜者，过去式won，现在分词winning。如：They are the winners. 他们是冠军。win表示“赢得”，其宾语通常是war, game, battle, match, fame等。win可作及物动词或不及物动词。如：They won the match他们赢了这场比赛。He couldnt win without your help. 没有你的帮助他赢不了。10Its motto is“Faster，higher，stronger”它的宗旨是“更快，更高，更强。”motto n. 箴言，格言，座右铭。作可数名词，复数形式既可以为mottos，也可以是mottoes。如：“Its never too old to learn”is my motto“活到老学到老”是我的座右铭。11. The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games奥运五环是奥林匹克运动会的一种标志。a symbol of sth 的象征。如：White is always a symbol of purity in we stem cultures. 在西方文化中，白色象征纯洁。12There are five rings，and they stand for the five parts of the wind它有五个环，代表着世界上的五大洲。stand for意为“代表”。如：HK stands for Hong Kong. HK代表香港。【拓展】stand for容忍，忍受。如：Im not standing for the way he speaks我再也不能忍受他讲话的方式了。13You can easily find at least one of these colors in the flag of every country. 你能很容易地在每个国家的国旗上，至少找到这些颜色中的一种。at least至少；最少。如：The red car will cost at least 200,000 yuan 那辆红色的小汽车至少要值200 000元。【拓展】其反义词组为：at(the)most，意为“至多；不超过”。如：There are at most 5,000 people in this town这个小镇最多有5 000人。14We should improve our environment我们应该改善我们的环境。improve提高，改善。相当于to make sth. better。如：Can you help me improve my English? 你能帮我提高英语水平吗?( )1My mother _ a dinner for my birthday next week. A. host Bhosted Chosting Dwill host( )2We had a sports meeting last SundayI took part in the _race Ab