（通用版）2019中考英语二轮复习动词讲义.docx

动词学员姓名： 年 级： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课日期授课时段授课主题动词 教学内容课前回顾知识梳理知识点1：动词I. 动词的定义： 动词是表示动作或状态的词。 例如： work，工作 , study，学习，eat 吃。 II. 动词的分类：1) 限定动词：限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。2) 非限定动词：有动词不定式，动名词和分词三种。在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。3) 实义动词：有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。例如：study 学习, reach 到达, see 看见, rise 升起。4）连系动词: 在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。连系动词有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel。5) 助动词: 只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has. 6) 情态动词: 表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等Can/ may/ must用法概览 情态动词许可猜测其他can可以/表能力，“能够，会”be able tocant不可以不可能表示不能做，能力的缺失may可以可能表祝愿May you be happy!must/一定表义务，必须have tomustnt不可以，禁止/随堂练习：1. You _ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A. may B. need C. should D. ought to 2.For our safety, we _ drive cars after drinking any wines.A) cantB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt3. Can you speak louder, please? I _ hear you clearly. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant4. Passengers _ stay seated during the take-off and landing.A) canB) mayC) shouldD) must5. Computers _solve many difficult problems quickly.A) can B) must C) need D) should 6. It _ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may 关于问答句Can I?Yes, you can/ may.No, you cant/mustnt.May I?同上Must I?Yes, you must.No, you neednt.= No, you dont have to.随堂练习：1.-Mum, can you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? - Im afraid I _, dear. We are short of money now. A cant B mustnt C shouldnt D neednt2. -Must we finish the poster in class? -No, you _ . You can finish it after class. AMustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant关于need的考点情态动词：need do 行为动词：need to do，need sth.1. Plants and flowers _ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. dont need C. neednt D. need2. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you _ buy any more.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt3. The weather report says it wont rain this afternoon, so you_take an umbrella with you.A) shouldnt B) mustntC) cantD) neednt随堂练习：1. Passengers _ stay seated during the take-off and landing.A) canB) mayC) shouldD) must2. Millie _ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A) may B) must C) need D) has to3. Computers _solve many difficult problems quickly.A) can B) must C) need D) should 4. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _ focus on their study. A) may notB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you _ buy any more. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt6. The weather report says it wont rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.A) shouldnt B) mustntC) cantD) neednt7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She _ be very bored with her job. A) can B) need C) should D) must8. The manager says theres no hot water after 8:00p.m. You mean we _ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!A) have to B) mayC) mustD) can9. You _ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.A) mustB) needC) shouldD) may10. On School Open Day, parents _ know how colorful their kids school life is. A) shouldB) canC) must D) need11.For our safety, we _ drive cars after drinking any wines.A) cantB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt12.Plants and flowers _ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. dont need C. neednt D. need13. You have already tried your best, so you _ worry too much about the exams. A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt14. Only you _ do such a thing, Im sure, and nobody else has such an ability. A. must B. should C. may D. can15. You _ worry about your son. He can take care of himself. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt16 -Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? - Im afraid I _, dear. We are short of money now. A cant Bmustnt C shouldnt D neednt17. It _ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _ store huge amounts of information. A. must B. need C. should D. can19. Every citizen _ try his best to protect our environment. Its our duty. A. need B. must C. can D. may20. -Must we finish the poster in class? -No, you _. You can finish it after class. AMustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _ speak Chinese. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt22. Tom, you mustnt play with fire. You hurt yourself if you dont stop. A. may B. can C. should D. need to23. You _ wash your car at the moment. Its going to rain. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant24. Can you speak louder, please? I _ hear you clearly. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cantKeys: DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD非谓语动词非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及使动用法的词现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。固定搭配：1) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事2) keep /keep on /carry on doing sth. 继续做某事3) feel like doing sth. 想要做某事4) practice doing sth. 练习作某事5) give up doing sth. 放弃作某事6) be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事7) pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8) what about/ how about doing sth.怎么样(好吗)?9) Thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人10) mind doing sth. 介意做某事11) be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事12) spend (in) doing sth. 花时间作某时13) be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事14) finish doing sth. 做完某事15) look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢胜过17) be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事18) keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事省略动词不定式的短语作宾补1) 一感、两听、三让、四看、半帮助see/ hear/ feel/ notice/watch/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事I heard her sing in the next room last night. （指事情过程，已经发生过了）I heard her singing in her room when I passed by. （指事情正在发生）make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事2) had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事3) Why dont you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事同义词比较1、stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事2、forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记/记得曾经做过某事3、used to do sth. 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事4、like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事，抽象概念 like/love to do sth. 想要做某事，不一定是喜欢5、v. ing 与 v. ed 用法：分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news听到这个消息，他们非常激动。III. 动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。 1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit. 2) 动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下： a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go-going stand-standing b）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arrivingget- getting.c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die-dying lie-lying。 随堂练习：中考题1.As we all know, its not polite to keep others _for a long time. （2011上海中考） A.wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting2.You had better_because you have to drive back home. （2011上海中考） A. not drinking B. not drink C.dont drink D. not to drink3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _ the public rules. （2010上海中考） A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed4. The woman feels that she should let her son _his own decision this time. （2009上海中考） A.makes B.make C.to make D.making5. Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _for years. （2009上海中考） A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang6. Our headmaster asked us _ a report on how to protect wild animals. （2008上海中考） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 7.Wed better _ off our mobile phones. The meet will start in a minute. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 8. What are you going to do when you finish _the room? A) to clean B)cleaning C)clean D)cleaned9. Well make laws_ our environment.10. A) protected B) protecting C) to protect D) protect10. My little brother hopes the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice.A) to see B) see C) to seeing D) saw11. While in college, Mike never minded extra work for his class. A) to do B) doing C) do D) did12. To live a green life, we try _ more energy and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 13. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half _ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write14. Children are often warned _ the fire.A)not to play B)to playC)dont playD) doesnt play 15. Wed rather _ some books instead of playing computer games.A) read B) to read C) reading D) reads课堂小结课后复习1. Linda and her mother are busy_ the necessary things into their suitcases.A) pack B) packing C) packed D) to pack2. Even in the police station, the thief still denied _ the girls wallet from her po