高考英语考点汇总知识点.doc

高考英语考点汇总知识点But在高考中的四个考点解析一、直接考查连词but在语境中的用法即要求考生根据试题的语境（看其是否有转折意味）来确定连词but的正确使用。这类考题通常会将连词but与连词and， so， or等结合起来考查。同学们做题时要注意比较，尤其要注意比较各个连词填入句子后，比较句意的逻辑性和通畅性。如： 1. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder， _ you wont pass the course. A. and B. so C. but D. or 解析D.or的意思是否则要不然，只有此词填入空格，句意最通顺。 2. They wanted to charge $5， 000 for the car， _ we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since 解析A.前后两分句之间是转折关系，故用but. 3. -Somebody wants you on the telephone. -_ no one knows Im here. A. For B. And C. But D. So 解析C.有人打电话来找我与没有人知道我在这里是转折关系，故填but. 二、利用but的转折语境考查其他知识点即根据题干中连词but的转折性语境来确定相关知识点的选择。此时尤其要注意前后相关信息的对比、对照或互为相反义。如： 1. He has made a lot of films， but _ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 解析C.由于句中用了转折连词but，所以要填few与前面的many相对比。 2. Its hard for him playing against me. Ive got nothing to play for， but for him， he needs to win so _. A. far B. well C. little D. badly 解析D.句中的badly不是表示糟糕地，而是表示很非常，这样用的badly主要与表示想要或需要的词语或短语（如want， need， be in need of等）连用。如：Our school is badly in need of English teacher. 我们学校急需英语教师。/ He wants to buy a new car badly. 他很想买辆新车。 3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps I _ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should 解析D.比较：could+have+过去分词的意思是本来可以本来应该本来能够；must+have+过去分词的意思是一定已经；might+have+过去分词的意思是本来可以本来可能；should+have+过去分词的意思是本来应该.根据句意，显然只有D最佳。 三、考查but的相关结构或句式如考查notbut， not onlybut （also）等句式的搭配和运用。如： 1. Between the two generations， it is often not their age， _ their education that causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but 解析D.题目考查notbut的用法，其意为不是而是.全句意为：两代人之间引起的误解往往不是他们的（不同）年龄，而是他们所受的（不同）教育。 2. Reality is not the way you wish things to be， nor the way they appear to be， _ the way they actually are. A. as B. or C. but D. and 解析C.此题也是考查notbut结构。全句意为：现实不是你想象出来的事物的状态，也不是事物表象给人的感觉，而是其本来的样子。 四、考查连词but与定语从句的相互干扰大家知道，在含有定语从句的复合句中，我们是不能在主句与从句之间使用并列连词的。但是，命题者有时却会利用连词but与定语从句的相互干扰性来考查考生的辨别能力。如： 1. I dont mind her criticizing me， but _ is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which 解析A.此题考查it isthat这一强调句句型。句意为：我不介意她批评我，我反对的是她批评我的方式。由于句中使用了并列连词but，所以绝对不能选D. 2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday， but _ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 解析A.用it代替前面整句话的内容。但若去掉but，则选which.Break常见短语及考点解析1. The computer system _suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006年辽宁卷） A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 解析：A由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示坏了，因此应填broke down. 2. To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it _ into parts. （2005年湖北卷） A. down B. up C. off D. out 解析：A break down在此意为将分解，符合语境逻辑。 3. I was still sleeping when the fire _ ，and then it spread quickly. （2006年广东卷） A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 解析：A由the fire与spread之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示（火灾）发生，因此应填broke out.以上三题都是考查break短语的用法，本文在此对其做一归纳。 1. break down （1）破坏， 毁掉；Who broke down the doors of our classroom？ 谁把我们教室的门打坏了？ （2） 破除；The old rules must be broken down. 这些陈旧的规章制度必须废除。 （3） 制服；The police tried to break down the prisoners opposition.警方设法制服囚犯的反抗。 （4） 坍塌， 坏掉；Because of explosion the bridge broke down last night. 由于爆炸， 昨夜这座桥倒塌了。 （5）（计划等）失败， 破裂；Your plan has broken down. What a pity！ 你的计划失败了， 真遗憾！ Why did the peace talks break down？为什么和谈失败了？ （6）（健康、精神）崩溃；After a long time of hard work， he almost broke down. 长时间艰苦劳动之后， 他的身体几乎垮了。 （7）分解This matter will break down in water. 这种物质在水中会分解。 2. break up （1） 解散，驱散。如：The police broke up the crowd （the meeting）。 警察驱散了人群（集会）。 （2） （学校等）放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas？ 你们什么时候放圣诞节假？ （3） 结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。 Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。 （4） 击碎，撞碎。如：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。 Lets break up the whole into parts. 让我们化整为零。 （5） 绝交。如：Shes just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。 3. break in破门而入，打断Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera. 昨夜一个小偷闯了进来， 偷走了他的相机。 He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插了话， 说了说自己的一些看法。 4.break into破门而入，突然起来They broke into the prison and set free all the prisoners. 他们冲进监狱，释放了所有的囚犯。 Hearing the sad news，the old woman broke into tears. 听到这个悲哀的消息， 这位老年妇女突然哭了起来。 5. break out战争爆发，争吵爆发,（火灾）发生When did the war break out？ 这场战争是什么时候爆发的？ I have heard that a quarrel broke out between them. 我听说他们之间爆发了争吵。 More than one hundred fires broke out in our city last year. 去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。 6. break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯You must break away from these old customs. 你们必须破除这些旧风俗。 The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗挣脱了主人，跑了。 Youd better break away from the habit of smoking. 你最好改掉吸烟的习惯。 7. break through 出现，突破It was a cloudy day， but the sun at last broke through.原本是个阴天，不过太阳最后还是出来了。 Our soldiers successfully broke through the enemys defences. 我们的战士成功地突破了敌军的防线。 8. break into pieces破成碎片The mirror fell to the ground and broke into pieces. 镜子掉到地上摔成了碎片。 9. break ones word/promise食言， 说话不算数I believe in him，because he never breaks his word / promise. 我信任他，因为他从来不食言。 10. break the law/rule违反法律/规章制度Nobody can break the rules of our company. 没有人能违背我们公司的规章制度。 11. break forth突然发出，爆发，迸发， 发作The crowd broke forth in cheers. 欢呼声从人群中迸发出来。 12. break in two使破成两半When I hit the ball， my bat broke in two. 击球时我的球拍断成两截。 13. break the record打破纪录This athlete has just broken the world record in mens high jump. 这名运动员刚刚打破了男子跳高世界纪录。 14. break ones heart使某人心碎，使某人悲痛欲绝To tell you the truth， the bad news broke my heart at that time. 说实话，那时这个坏消息使我悲痛万分。Take高考常考短语及考点解析一、短语归纳1. take after 长相或举止像 （某个长辈）（不用进行时）Mary really takes after her mother； she has the same eyes，nose and hair. 玛丽真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发都一个样。2. take apart把 （小型机器、钟表等） 拆开；拆散；（在体育运动或比赛中） 把彻底打败；对苛求；严厉批评Take the watch apart and see if you can see whats wrong with it. 把手表拆开来看看你能不能检查出什么毛病。England was really taken apart by Italy in last nights match. 在昨晚的比赛中，英格兰队可谓给意大利队打得溃不成军了。3. take as 看作，认为 （=regard / consider / look on / treat as）I took your nod as a sign of approval. 我把你的点头看作是同意的表示了。4. take away 拿走；使停学，使离开；使消失；减去The child was taken away（辍学） from school. Now Ill give you some tablets to take away（使消失） the pain.Take away（减去） 2 from 4 and you get 2.take away from 贬低 （有益或令人满意之事物）的作用His refusal to accept the prize does not take away from his success in winning it. 他拒绝领奖无损于他赢得此奖的斐然成绩。5. take back承认说错了 （话） ，收回 （诺言、话语） ；使回忆起； 送回，还回去；退（货）Im sorry I was rude； I take back everything I said. 对不起我失礼了，我承认我所说的全都错了。Seeing that old film really took me back！ 观看那部旧电影的确使我回想起了过去的岁月。6. take down拿下，取下；记下来；褪下（裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物）； 把 （大型机器或大物件）拆成零部件；把拆卸开 （tear down 推倒；拆毁 pull down 拆毁）When the picture was taken down， the wall looked very bare. 把那幅画取下来后墙壁就显得毫无装饰了。Well have to take the engine down to get to the gearbox. 我们得先拆卸发动机，才能接触到变速箱。7. take in接待 （某人） 留宿； 欺瞒，欺骗； 充分理解，掌握； 把 （衣服） 改窄 （let out加宽，放长，加大）； 包含，包括He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没有地方可睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。Dont be taken in by his promises. 不要被他的许诺所蒙骗！It took me a long time to take in what you were saying. 我费了好长时间才弄明白你所说的话。My dress is a bit loose round the waistcould you take it in for me？ 我衣服的腰围有点宽松，你能给我改窄一些吗？This is the total cost of the holiday， taking everything in. 这是度假的全部费用，一切都包括在内。8. take off脱下，脱去 （尤指衣服）； 解 （拿） 掉（put on 穿上）； （飞机等） 升空，起飞； 休假；歇 （天） 假； 请假； 开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名； 打折扣； （尤指为了逗笑而） 模仿 （某人） 的谈吐、举止等Im taking Thursday off because Im moving into a new house. 我星期四休假，因为我要搬家。It was at this point that her acting career really took off. 正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始走红了。His shopkeeper took off 5 percent discount for each. 他的店员把每样东西都打折了5%. The actor made everyone laugh by taking off the members of the royal family. 这个演员模仿某些王室成员，结果逗引得人人发笑。9. take on开始雇用； 开始具有 / 呈现 （某种品质、面貌等）； 露出； 接受 （工作等） ；承担 （责任等）； 开始和争吵 （斗殴、作对、较量等）Weve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department. 我们已决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。His face took on a worried expression. 他的脸上露出了担忧的表情。My doctor says Im too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on. 医生说我疲劳过度，劝我不要再干更多的工作。The trade union made the mistake of trying to take on the government. 工会犯了试图和政府抗争的错误。The bus took on more passengers. 公共汽车搭载更多乘客了。10. take out带 （某人） 去 （某处参加社交活动等）；正式取得，领得，获得； 洗去 （污迹），使褪色Im taking the children out to the theatre tonight. 今晚我带孩子们去看戏。Mary and John took out a marriage license. 玛丽和约翰正式领了结婚证。He took out the pencil marks from his drawing. 他擦去了他的画上的铅笔迹。11. take over接手，接任；接管Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed？ 州长已被免职，你看会由谁来接任呢？12. take to （尤指立刻） 对产生好感，喜欢上；染上习惯 （嗜好等）；到 （某处） 休息；到躲藏；逃往I took to Paul as soon as we met. 我一见到保罗就对他有好感。All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink. 所有这些令人沮丧的消息都足以使人酗起酒来。Fathers ill， so hes taken to his bed. 爸爸病了，因此卧床休息了。13. take up开始花时间从事 （某项活动）；对产生兴趣； 开始学习 （某课程） ，选修； （事物或事件） 占用了 （时间或空间）； 接受的建议； 继续John took up acting while he was at college. 约翰在上大学时开始喜欢上演戏了。 The job took up most of Sunday. 这项工作占用了大半个星期天。Why dont you take him up on his offer of a meal？ 你为什么不接受他的邀请去吃饭呢？Ill take up the story where I finished yesterday. 这个故事我会从昨天讲完的地方继续讲下去。14. take for / to be （错）当作，以为是 （mistake for ）I took him for his brother. They are extremely alike. 我把他误作是他弟弟，他们很像。15. take a chance 碰碰运气，冒风险16. take a deep / long breath 深吸一口气（以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑）17. take a hand in 干预18. take a load / weight off sb.s mind 使放心 / 安心19. take a risk / risks 冒风险20. take a seat 坐下21. take a vote 投票表决22. take an interest in 对有兴趣23. take steps / measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事24. take action （on） （对）采取行动25. take advantage of 利用；占的便宜；不正当地利用26. take aim （at） 瞄准27. take by surprise 奇袭；出其不意地做某事；使惊奇28. take care 当心 （= look out / be careful ）29. take care of 照顾，料理；处理，对付；当心30. take charge of 负责；接管31. take cold 感冒，伤风32. take control of 控制住，管住33. take delight / pleasure in 以为乐；喜欢34. take effect 开始起作用；开始生效35. take for granted 想当然地认为 （会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然的；认为没有问题36. take for instance / example 以为例37. take hold of 抓住；吸引住38. take into account / consideration 考虑到，把考虑进去39. take it / things easy 慢慢来，不要过于紧张 / 劳累，沉住气40. take it or leave it 要不要都行；要么要，要么不要；不要还价41. take note （of） 把记下来42. take notice （of） 注意；理会43. take notes 作记录；记笔记44. take / come into office 就职，上任45. take ones breath away 令人惊异，令人叹为观止46. take ones chance（s） 碰碰自己的运气47. take ones time 慢慢来，从容不迫48. take pains 费尽力气，煞费苦心，尽力设法I took pains to explain the facts clearly.49. take （the） trouble 费事，下工夫You must have taken a lot of trouble to find out what was true.50. take part （in） 参加，参与51. take pity on / upon 可怜，怜悯 （show mercy to / have mercy on）52. take place 发生，举行53. take pride in （ be proud of） 为感到自豪 / 骄傲54. take ones place 代替某人55. take the opportunity 利用这个机会I shall take the first opportunity of seeing you. He may take the opportunity to point out that 56. take turns 轮流 （做某事）They took turns to look after the baby. The two boys took turns at digging the hole.57. take sides 支持；偏袒You always take sides with brother without even listening to me.你总是偏袒弟弟，根本不听我的。58. I take it （that） 我想；我认为I take it youve heard that the mayors resigned. 我想你已听说市长已经辞职了。二、考点透视1.考查特定语境下的词义辨析、短语搭配。（1） take与其它动词加上同一个介 / 副词的辨析，如06山东卷第34题；（2） take与其它动词加上不同介 / 副词的辨析，如08山东卷第29题、08宁夏卷第34题、08天津卷第7题等；（3） take短语搭配辨析，包括take + 介词 / 副词短语，take + 名词短语，take + 名词 + 介词短语等。2.结合时态语态考查take短语，如06福建卷第24题。3. 结合非谓语动词的用法考查take用法，如03上海卷第39题。三、备考建议1.含take的短语数量众多、词义繁杂，不可能在短时间内突击掌握，所以要注意在平时的学习多积累；在解题时不可生搬硬套，要分析上下文的语境，灵活使用，同时要注意相关知识点，如动词时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词等对题目的影响。2.不仅要注意含take的短语的基本含义，还要注意一些“熟词偏义”，如在课本中没有出现，但在大纲词汇表中有或在阅读中经常遇到的意义和用法。3.对take和其它常见动词，如give / bring / keep / put / break /get / turn等，构成的短语进行归纳辨析。四、高考链接1. （08宁夏） After studying in a medical college for five years， Jane_her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took over C. took upD. set up2. （08江西） I_it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. makeB. look C. takeD. think3. （07 辽宁） Dont be_by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A. taken offB. taken out C. taken awayD. taken in4. （06 浙江） Were trying to ring you back，Bryan， but we think we_your number incorrectly.A. looked upB. took down C. worked outD. brought about5. （06 福建） Ladies and gentlemen， please fasten your seat belts. The plane_ .A. takes offB. is taking off C. has taken offD. took off6. （06 山东） After he retired from office，Rogers_painting for a while， but soon lost interest.A. took upB. saved up C. kept upD. drew up7. （2004广东） Helen always helps her mother even though going to school_most of her day.A. takes upB. makes up C. saves upD. puts up8. （2005上海） More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，_ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. takingB. taken C. having takenD. having been take9. （2008重庆） Im afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday._.A. Dont be afraidB. Be careful C. Not at allD. Take your timeKeys：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D英语替代词it，one，ones，that，those使用技巧一、替代表泛指的单数名词替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用 one。如：Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。Did you get a ticket?Yes， I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?是的，我设法搞到了一张。注：若 one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。比较：Im looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。Im looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。（不能说：. a one with a garden.）没有形容词修饰的 one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用 another。如：This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。另外，注意它与表特指的 it 的区别。如：Can you lend me a pen?Sorry. I havent got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?对不起，我没有钢笔。Can I borrow your pen?Sorry， Im using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?对不起，我自己正在用。二、替代表特指的单数名词替代表特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。三者的区别是：1. 替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用 the one，而要用 it 或 that。此时 it 与 that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用 that 或 the one。如：The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前面提到的 the weather）The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类）My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。（it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典）Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。（the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类）2. 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。如：Who is her husband?The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？窗户边的那一位。注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。3. 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如：Which do you want?The red one. 你想要哪个?那个红的。She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。4. 当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如：My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。但是，若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。如：The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。 三、替代表泛指的复数名词替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用 ones。如：Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。四、替代表特指的复数名词替代表特指的复数名词，通常用 the ones。如：Id like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。注：在口语中，也可用 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。如：Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。Students who do well in examinations are those the ones who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。五、几点重要的补充说明1. 当替代词 one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及 this， that， these， those， which， either， neither， another 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：I think my dogs the fastest （one）. 我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。Either （one） will suit me. （这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。Lets have another （one）. 咱们再来一个吧。She looked at each（one） carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。Which （one） would you like?That （one） looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?看起来那个最好。2. 复数形式的 ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some， any， both， several， dozen， own 等词修饰。如：Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? （不能说：. some ones .）Do you have any new diaries?We dont have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?我们眼下一本也没有了。（不能说：. any ones .）Do question 1 or question 2， but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道，但不要两道都做。（不能说：. both ones.）He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。（不能说：. two ones.）注：如果 ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：误：her ones / some on