高考英语动词时态.ppt

English Basic Tenses (时态),他每天都来。 他昨天来了. 他已经来了. 他明天来. 汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,He came yesterday.,He has come.,He will come tomorrow.,He comes every day.,v. / v-s/es,V-ed,will + v,would + v.,had + done,have / has + done,have/has been+ V-ing,am /is / are + V-ing,was / were + V-ing,一:一般现在时,定义: 一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态,一般现在时的构成,1、 主语+be动词+其他 2、主语+V原形+其他（do) 3、主语+Vses+其他(does),具体运用1,1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： always, usually, every morning/night/evening/day/week/ year, often, sometimes, twice a week seldom once a month on Sundays,I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.,2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。(注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。) The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.,具体运用2,具体运用3,3表示格言或警句中。 Eg.1 Pride _(go) before a fall. Eg.2 Columbus proved that the earth _(be) round.,4 汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表将要发生的事。 The train (start)at three this afternoon. The meeting (hold) at 2:00 p.m. every day. 5 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。 If it _ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _ (go) to the countryside. If he _ (come) this afternoon，we_ (have) a meeting.,1、一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词词尾加 -es teach- teaches, wash- washes. go -goes pass-passes fix-fixes eg: My mother washes the coat.,动词变化规律,3.以辅音字母加Y 结尾的词，把Y变I 在加ES，,Study fly,studies,flies,4.特殊情况：,have has,1 Did you get on work on time? Sure. The city center wasnt as crowded this morning as it usually _. A was B is C has been D had been 2.In general, most tennis _ on hard courts or on clay. A .plays B. is played C.has played D.has been palyed 3. What are your rules for carry-on luggage, Madam? You_ only one piece of luggage on the palne, Sir. A. allow B. allowed C.are allowed D.were allowed,4.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. isnt rain 5. Hell stay in Beijing till his aunt_well. A will get B will be C gets D remains 6. Its 6 oclock in the morning. Its time _. A. get up B. got up C. to get up D. gets up,Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time.,导入之二：How did you spend your childhood?,二：一般过去时,1.定义:动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。,行为动词(即实义动词)的过去式没有人称 和数的变化。,I _ 12 years old this year.,I _ 11 years old last year.,He _ in Beijing now.,He _ in Shanghai yesterday.,Please look at the sentences(be),They _ (be)in China today.,They _ (be) in Japan yesterday.,am/ is,was,are,were,I _ (have) eggs and milk for breakfast every morning.,I _ (have) noodles for breakfast yesterday morning.,He _(have) fruit every day.,He _ (have) 3 apples yesterday.,have/ has,had,I (get) up at 6:30 every morning. I _ (get) up at 9:00 last Sunday.,He _(play) football every afternoon. He _(play) basketball yesterday afternoon.,He _(do) his homework every evening. He _ (do)some reading last night.,动词原形、第三人称单数,动词过去式,2:谓语构成,1.动词 be 2.动词 have, has 3.助动词do, does 4.行为动词用过去式,was , were,had,did,一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外),I went to school yesterday. They went to school yesterday.,一般过去时的谓语构成：由动词的过去式构成,规则变化 1.一般加ed,2.以e结尾加d,work ,worked,change ,changed,3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,先改 y为 i,再加ed,study ,studied,4.不规则变化,规则动词过去式-ed的发音,1.在以清辅音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/ t /,work /w3:k/,ed,t/,2.在以浊辅音或原音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/d /,play /pleI /,live /lIv /,ed,d/,ed,d/,3.在以/t/或/d/结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/Id /,visit /vIzIt /,ed,Id/,finished enjoyed shouted moved,helped wanted called needed,/t/,/d/,/Id/,/d/,/d/,/t/,/Id/,/Id/,1.在过去某一时间内发生的动作：,He _ (get) home at ten oclock last night.,2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often，always等表示频度的 间状语连用：,I often _(get up) very early at that time.,3:用法,3.表示已故人所做的事情。,Comrade Lei Feng _(do) good deeds in his life.,4. 表示过去所发生的一系列的动作,而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的,不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。,Miss Liu (get)up at seven oclock this morning, _(dress), (have) breakfast, and _(go) to work.,1.与ago 连用： a moment two minutes three hours five days one week six months four years,ago,4.用于一般过去时的时间状语,last,time night week month term Monday,yesterday,morning afternoon evening,the day before yesterday,2.与last 连用,3.与yesterday 连用：,4.与one 连用：,one,morning evening day Monday afternoon,5.与that 连用：,that,morning winter day year,just now in the old days in those days in 1980 the other day at that time once upon a time,6.其他时间状语：,_ you _ (remember) to buy the oranges yesterday? 2.Who _ (invent) the computer? 3.We _ (go) to the cinema last night. The film _ (be) very good. 4.What time _ you _ (get) to school this morning? 5.Jim _ (do) a lot yesterday. He _ (go) shopping and _ (cook) supper.,用动词的适当时态填空,6. He usually _ (get) up at 6 in the morning. Look! He _ (get) up now. But yesterday he _ (get) up very late, so he _ (go) to school late. He _ (be) late for school.,一般过去时用在虚拟语气中,1（事实：我不可能是你） If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 2（事实：不知道） If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.,2（事实：不知能否下雪） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3. （事实：不知道她是否会来） If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.,Would rather 从句中,would rather后可接从句，从句用一般过去式，即 1 would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人现在或将来要做某事； Hed rather you came on Friday. 2 would rather sb. had done sth. 表示宁愿某人过去做过某事。如： Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.,It is （high/about） time that 从句中（该做的时候了） I think it is time that they were taught a lesson. It is time I was in bed. 也可以用 should + 动原 should 不省,犹如,picture,导入之三：How will you spend your National holiday? I will Im going to,三. 一般将来时,1.结构： 肯定句：主语+ will +do+其他 People will have robots in their homes. 否定句：主语+ will not /wont+do+其他 People will not/wont have robots in their homes. 一般疑问句：Will+主语+do+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主 will 否定回答：No, 主wont. 特殊疑问：疑问词+will +主+V原+？,will/shall+ V原（shall仅第一人称）,2.时间状语（判断标准）：,tomorrow next week the day after tomorrow soon in the future in+一段时间,3.一般将来时的几种构成形式,1.will+动词原形 (I /we shall) 2.be going to+动词原形 3.be+to do 表示计划,责任,约定或命令 4. be about to do sth 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用) 5.be+v-ing 6.一般现在时表将来,1.will与shallv 1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要,会” She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 - My car wont start. -Dont worry, I will come and give it a push.,2、be going to 表示计划，安排要做的事 表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。 - What _are you going_do this evening? - I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain.,3.be to do 表按计划或安排即将发生的动作 表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。 官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播） He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow.计划，安排 You are not to be back late.责任，命令 If not watered, the plants are to die.注定要发生的动作 The president is to speak on TV tonight.官方计划或决定,4.be about to do 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were about to do when 正要突然发生 The English Evening Party is about to begin. I was about to go out when it began to rain.,5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。 Were leaving for Qingdao.,6.表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律) ，用一般现在时表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如： begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close The evening class begins at 19:00. The train starts at two.,注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless, even if, in case（以防） If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside.,What will you do if it _ tomorrow ? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining,Exercises,2. Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. Never mind, _ post it myself tonight. A. Im going to B. I prefer to C. Ill D. Id rather,3. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can,4. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached,5. If he _ to college, he _ a lot more. A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learn C. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn,Can I speak to Jim, please? Just a minute. I _ get him. 2.The agreement _ come into force next year. 3.Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. 4.Next year, he _ be thirty years old.,5.How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive decided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What color _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you.,四一般过去将来时(The past future simple Tense) 一般将来时:表示从现在的时间看将来将要发生的动作或状态,形式为will/be going to do/shall do He will become a doctor in seven years. 过去将来时:表示从过去的时间看待将来要发生的动作或状态,形式是把will /be going to do改为过去式 will/shall + do would/should + do am/is/are going to + do was/were going to + do He told us that he would become a doctor in seven years.,用法,和表示过去将来时间状语连用，多见于从句，特别是宾语从句中（当主句是过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事，用过去将来时） 1 He said he_ (return)to the hometown the next day. 2 We never imagined he_ (be) a doctor in the future. A: She washed the car, didnt she? B: No, she forgot. But she said she_ (wash)it tomorrow.,2. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. I would play with him when I was a child.,“We are going to have a test next week.” The teacher said. The teacher said that we _ (have) a test the next week. Coke will make a trip to the seaside. Coke told us. Coke told us that he _was going to /would_ (make) a trip to the seaside.,Jim决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。 Jim decided_. 她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。 She was sixty-six. _. 科学家说没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。 Scientists said _. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么. The teacher asked Tom _ 她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。 She told us _.,Jim decided they were going to/would fly to Britain the next month.,In three years, she was going to/would be 69 years old.,Scientists said nobody knew what would happen in one hundred years time.,The teacher asked Tom what was going to/would do when he grew up.,She told us if it rained, she wouldnt go with us.,导入之五：What are they doing now? They are having a class.,五. 现在进行时,现在进行时表示现在（即说话人说话的时刻）正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情，现在进行时的标志性词语有now, look, at the moment, listen等 现在进行时的基本构成： 主语+be动词+现在分词 Eg. They are drawing pictures.,现在分词的构成规则,1.一般在动词词尾加-ing，如：read-reading 2.以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing，如：write-writing 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing。 Eg：swim-swimming run-running cut-cutting shop-shopping sit-sitting 特殊变化：lie-lying平躺，die-dying死亡,现在进行时的句式,1.肯定句主语+be+doing Eg: I am doing my homework. 2.否定句主语+be+not+doing Eg: I am not doing my homework. 3.一般疑问句be提到句首（注意人称变化） Eg: Are you doing your homework?,下面的动词不用现在进行时:,1.表示心理情感的动词: want；mind；wish；recognize；think；know；understand；hate；depend on 2.表示存在位置的动词: remain；stand,3.表示知觉的动词： see； hear； notice； smell 4.表示所属的动词： have； possess； own； consist of 5.暂时性的动词： accept；allow；decide； promise,现在进行时的用法,1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态 They _ (play) football on the playground now.,2.与always，constantly(不断地；时常地)等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。,You are always _(make) mistakes!,六 过去进行时,1. 结构：was/ were + doing 2. 用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that time,I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked,3.与always，forever，constantly连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。 Eg. He _(always think of) others，never thinking of himself.,4.表示位置移动的动词如come, go, leave, fly, set off等用过去进行时表示按计划，安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。例： He said they _ (leave for) Beijing the next day.,七. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense),1 结构: have (has) + done 2 概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。 3 时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.,He has lived here since last summer.,时间线,现在,过去,lived,延续到现在:has lived,last summer,since,1.-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was 2.Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在, 或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai 10 years ago. （现在不在珠海了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海),2). 过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I _ (study) in Zhongshan university in 2000. I _ (study) in Zhongshan university since 2000. I _ just _ (buy) an apartment. (just表示不确定的时间状语）,注意：,非延续性动词不能与表示延续时间的状语(since;for)连用。但其否定形式则可以。 1)They have married for ten years. 2) I have received his letter a month ago. 3) I havent received his letter for a month.,F,F,T,have been married,They got married ten years ago.,我已收到他的信一个月了。 I have received his letter for a month. ( ) 请改用三个正确的表达法: 1._ 2._ 3._,I _(keep) his letter for a month.,It is a month since I _(receive) his letter.,I _(receive) his letter a month ago.,导入之八,You graduated (毕业) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You _ there for 3 years when you graduated.,八.过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense),结构: had + done 概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|- 过去的过去 过去 现在 将来,By the end of last term we had learnt 20 units.,现在,过去,过去的过去,the end of last term,had learnt,时间线,用法 (1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：,2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算(“本想”; “本来打算”)。 I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow.,3、常用于下列句型中： 1) Hardly /No sooner(过去完成时)when /than（一般过去时）。 2) It /This /That was the time that(从句用过去完成时)。 3) It was +一段时间+since(从句用过去完成时)。,1.When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away). 2.When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. 3.He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school .(12广东）,had run away,4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come,导入之九： -How long have you been studying in this school?,-Almost two and a half years.,九 现在完成进行时,主语 + has / have + been +doing. 表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在还会继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。 1 He (work) here for three years. 2 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (rise) steadily since 1990.,- Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? - Yes, that why I _to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 1 现在完成时:表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性； 2 现在完成进行时: 往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。 I have written a letter. （已完成） I have been writing a letter. （未完成）,过去,现在,时间线,have written,have been writing,Exercises I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00