自考本科段英语高频词汇总结.doc

第一单元1.常考单词：Goal目的，objective目标（n）客观的(a)，accomplish完成，predict预见，accompany陪伴，implement实现，tendency趋势，achievement完成，argue争辩，budget预算，define下定义，entity存在2. 常考词组：in the way挡路，in part部分，point of view观点，contribute to贡献，to apply for申请，in hand手头上有，to turn down拒绝3. 常考句子：1) A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2) Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3) If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.4) For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.5) For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6) Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7) In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8) Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.第二单元1.常考单词：escape，explode逃跑，collapse倒塌，shrink收缩，gravity严重，measurement衡量，basis基础，launch发射，convincing有说服力的，companion同伴，speculation推测，swallow吞咽，operate运转，to make use of利用，a great many很多，above all首先2. 常考句子：1) Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2) The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3) Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4) If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5) It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6) On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.第三单元1.常考单词：Weaken消弱 deteriorate恶化 debate争论 legal法律的 request请求 criterion批评 ensure保证 oppose反对 tradition传统 consideration考虑 disabled伤残的 burden担子 vulnerable易受伤的 prohibition禁止 sensitive敏感的2. 常考词组：to debate on关于进行讨论 to make request for要求 be opposed to反对 to take into account考虑到3. 常考句子：1) Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2) Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3) The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4) What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right.第四单元1.常考单词：Demestic家庭的 statistics统计数字 diplomat外交家 exploit开发 campaign参加运动 execute实行 convict应得到 despite尽管 deserving应得的 shelf架子minimum 最小的status情形 deport驱逐出境2. 常考句子：1) There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.2) Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.3) The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.4) A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.5) She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.6) Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7) So if they do complain，they risk being deported.第五单元1.常考单词：Musician音乐家 rhythmic有节奏的 distinct与其他不同的 consciousness意识originate 发源readily乐意的 instrument乐器 electronic电子的 thereby由此 passive被动的 participant参加者2. 常考词组：to take place发生 to take over接管 to take on担任 in a sense在某种意义上 at a stretch连续不断地 to serve as适合 in advance在前面 for the sake of为了的目的3. 常考句子：1) The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2) Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.3) They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music.4) With records at home，listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.第六单元1.常考单词：Efficiency效率 increasingly不断增加地 install安装 personnel全体员工 expose暴露 reduction减少 completion完成 specific特有的 switch开关 critical评论的 intensity灰度 scale刻度 defective集合2. 常考词组：in that在于 in question正被谈论 plenty of丰富的3. 常考句子：1) Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2) Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，althoughto a lesser degree，in other industries as well.3) The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4) Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5) Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6) With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.7) Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.第七单元1.常考单词：Research调查 attach固定 underlie更新 relevant贴切的 positive明确的 possession拥有 desirable合意的 relaxation放松 occupation占领 urban城市 acquire获得 participation参加2. 常考词组：be concerned with 涉及be relevant to与有关 to set as objective把.作为目标3. 常考句子：1) People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2) The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.3) The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.4) Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to ones interests and preferences andget involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.5) Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.6) For example，the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.7) Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.8) The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.第八单元1.常考单词：Flight航班 negotiation协商 transport运输 overcome战胜 internal内部 external外部 rhythm节奏 feasible可行的 assumption假设 promote促进2. 常考词组：effect on对的作用 to blame on把归于 to advantage有利势lishi now that既然 out of step to 不协调leave alone不管3. 常考句子：1) The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. (para.1)2) The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. (para.2)3) He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. (para.3)4) Now that we understand what Jet lag is，we can go some way to overcoming it.(para.4)5) The other belongs in our internal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour - yes，25 - rhythm.(para.5)6) In time the physiological system will reset itself，but it does take time. (para7)7) One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. (para.8)8) It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. (para.9)第九单元1.常考单词：Classify把分类 approximate近似的 proportion比例 appreciation欣赏 acknowledge承认 alter人口统计 lengthen使延长 wealthy丰富的 neglect忽视 expectation期待2. 常考词组：to approximate to与接近resistance to对阻挡 to cope with处理 attribute to贡献3. 常考句子：1) Nation classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. (para.1)2) The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be - at least，for any future that concerns us now.3) The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.4) If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.第十单元1.常考单词：election vote certainty一定 loyalty忠诚 decline下降 democrat民主主义者 strategy战略 pursue追求 impact影响 headquarters司令部 economy 经济stir搅拌 congress议会 representative代表2. 常考词组：to identifyas把看成 impact on对影响3. 常考句子：1) Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. (para.4)2) Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidates personal characteristics. (para. 4)此句注意主语从句作主语。3) A year later，with the nations economy in trouble，Bushs approval rating dropped below 40 percent.4) Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.5) Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bushs 38 percent and Perots 19 percent.第十一单元1.常考单词：Disorder混乱 irrelevant不相干的misleading使人误解irresponsible无责任的 eventual最后的replace恢复 partly部分的 undergo经历 suitable适合的 to do research into为贡献 be central to对极其重要be irrelevant to与不相干 to aim for瞄准2. 常考句子：1) The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.2) Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.3) People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.4) It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.5) The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.6) Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.7) The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.8) This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.9) Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.10) This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.include 后面接动名词作宾语。11) In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rats leg.involve 后面接动名词作宾语。12) When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use 第十二单元1.常考单词：Symptom症状 intellectual知识分子 detail细节 initial最初的inventor发明者 confront面对 sensitivity敏感度 reflection反响creativity 创造character性格 trace痕迹 modest谦虚investment投资 to substitute for用代替 be contrary to与相反 to put off实际上be confronted with面临 to gaze at注视be unaware of不知道 to impresson牢记 be free from没有的 be beneficial to对有益2. 常考句子：1) At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.2) There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.(para.2)3)Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. (para.2)4)Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and self-direction become endangered. (para.2)5) But its beneficial effects go beyond this. (para. 3)Go beyond 表示“超越 ，不仅仅是 ”6)Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.Take advantage of 利用7) Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. (para.7)8) Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success.The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.第十三单元1.常考单词：Compel强迫 voluntary自愿的 undertake承担 coincide一致 manual手的efficiency影响 compulsion强制 division分手 eliminate排除 boring令人讨厌的 amusement娱乐 so far as knows就某人所知道 to coincide with相一致 attitude toward对态度 to go in for死死咬住2. 常考句子：1) He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.2) Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.3) The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.4) So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.第十四单元1.常考单词：Device装置 cossion使信服 grab抓住 belonging行李 threatening威胁的convince使信服 foster抚养 persuasion说服 avail有利 suspect推测pro