2017届高考英语-短文改错技巧.ppt

高考短文改错,2014-2016年高考新课标全国卷短文改错考点统计表,考点统计 看考向 观变化,考情分析 找热点 寻规律,短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。 通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析,可以预测2017年短文改错的命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面: 1.命题难度基本保持稳定,体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为100词左右。 2.错误设置类型相对稳定,常见类型有:错词、多词、少词。 3.考查内容覆盖面广,分布合理,但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等)、句法等,均有所考查。 4.考查考生对文章中心思想的把握,以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。,动词形，,名词数,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,介词短语须关注 习惯用法要记住,冠词连词常光顾,A Limerick,考点突破 攻考点 克难关,考点一,动词形,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.,剖析:thinkthought 由上句中“When I was a child.”可知,此处是陈述过去的想法,故用一般过去时。,1.动词的时态和语态错误. 2. 主、谓不一致的错误。 3.动词的及物不及物和非谓语动词的问题,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become.,剖析:去掉been 动词show与主语Lots of studies之间为主动关系,故此处不需要用被动语态。,【典例3】 (2015新课标全国) We must found ways to protect your (yourour/the) environment.,剖析:foundfind 情态动词must后接动词原形。,【典例4】 (2016新课标全国) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 剖析:.using 改成used 因be used for为固定搭配，意为“被用来做,考点二,名词 数,指名词可数不可数，可数名词的单、复数形式的用法错误 【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.,剖析:airsair 名词air表示“空气”时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. his parents were missing.,剖析:parentparents 由下文可知,是父母两个人,所以用parent的复数形式。.,剖析: honest改成honesty 由句意“成功的关键是诚实”，故用与名词the key相对的名词honesty作表语。,【典例3】 (2016新课标全国) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest,考点三,修饰名词，be动词，系动词要用形容词 修饰动词，形容词，过去分词，整个句子用副词 比较级和最高级的使用（切记无双重比较）,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) Lots of studies have been ( been ) shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.,剖析:seriouslyserious 名词前需用形容词修饰,还要注意形和副,. 【典例2】 (2016新课标全国) He hopes that his business will grow steady. 剖析: steady改为steadily 修饰动词grow，表示“稳步地”发展，应用副词steadily,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) Much rare animals are dying out. 剖析:MuchMany 名词animals为可数名词复数形式,故用many修饰。 【典例3】 (2015新课标全国) Dad and I were terrible worried. 剖析:terribleterribly 修饰形容词worried要用副词,故terrible改为terribly。,四、 代词格，细领悟,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) We must found (foundfind) ways to protect your environment.,剖析: yourour/the 根据句意可知此处的形容词性物主代词应该与句子的主语We保持一致,故应用our,或改为the。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) .his parents were missing.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I.”,剖析:saw后加his 由上下文可知,Tony看到的是他的父母,故saw后加his。,【典例1】 (2016新课标全国) He hopes that our business will grow steadily. . 剖析: our 改成his 根据主语he可知，指“他的”事业，用形容词性物主代词his。,考点六,、介词短语须关注， 习惯用法要记住,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.,剖析: onwith with the development of随着的发展,为固定搭配。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) Tony saw a toy on a shop window.,剖析:onin 玩具应该是在橱窗里面。,主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。,【典例1】 (2016新课标全国) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time 剖析:在dreams后加of/about 因dream of/about doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事,考点七,冠词,. 冠词a, an和the的用法错误 连词but,and,or, because,so和although的用法错误 【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.,剖析: countryside前加the 句意:我现在居住在城市,但是我想念我农村的家。in the countryside在农村。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) .he quickly walked into the shop.A woman saw him crying and telling(told) him to wait outside a shop.,剖析:athe 特指上文提到的商店,故应该用定冠词the。,六、冠词连词常光顾,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国) There the air is clean or the mountains are green.,剖析: orand 根据上下文可知前后两句为并列关系,故用并列连词and。or表示选择,不符合语境。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国) After looks (lookslooking) at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.,剖析:wherethat或者去掉where 根据句意“他转过身,发现父母不见了”可知,此处作动词found的宾语,宾语从句句意完整,不缺少成分,应用that引导,that也可省略。,【典例3】 (2016新课标全国) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. 剖析: the 改成a 意思是“在一段短时期内”致富，表示“一段”用a。 【典例4】 (2016新课标全国 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. . 剖析: that 改成 where 介词to后应是宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语，用where，意为“的地方”，close to where I live (离我住的地方不远的)是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restaurant。,短文改错题是目前高考英语新课标卷的必考项目,而且所占分值也很大。该题型旨在考查学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生答题时所暴露的问题,建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下四个步骤和四种做题方法: 1.四个步骤 第一步:浏览全文,把握大意。 第二步:找出短文中的句号,把短文拆分成若干句子,以句子为单位进 行断句改错。 第三步:认真分析句子结构,从“多、缺、错”三个方面入手,进行改错。 第四步:重新通读自己改正过的文章,进行检查。,2.三种做题方法 (1)每行或每句有无“一致性”错误:主谓是否一致;指代是否一致;修饰语与被修饰语是否一致;前后时态是否一致;单复数是否一致;并列连词and,or,but等前后的形式是否一致。 (2)每行或每句有无“搭配”错误:动宾搭配;动词与介词搭配;介词与名词搭配;固定短语等。 (3)每行或每句有无“词法、语法”错误:冠词the,an,a误用;非谓语动词的误用;引导词误用;形容词与副词误用;时态、语态使用不当;并列连词误用(and,but,or,so等);名词单复数形式误用等。 总之,只要在平时的学习中掌握命题规律,讲究解题思路与技巧,并能从具体语境、行文逻辑、习惯用法、句子结构等角度入手,对文章及句子进行分析,就能顺利改正错误。,对点训练,Passage 1 (2015陕西) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线(_),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。,My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!,答案及剖析: 第一句中:去掉in last week,next week,this week,that week前不加介词。 第二句中:anythingsomething 我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点儿特别的事情。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。 第三句中:betterbest 由该句中的in the world以及前面的the可知此处要用形容词的最高级。 decidedecided 整个语境是过去,因此要用一般过去时。 第四句中:stepsteps step是可数名词,前面有some修饰,因此要用复数。 第六句中:wellgood 此处作表语,修饰the biscuits,要用good。well用作形容词时,表示人身体好。 第七句中:afterwhen/while 用when/while引导时间状语从句,表示“当我打包时掉在了地上一些”,而不是在“我”打包后掉在了地上。 第八句中:第一个athe 此处特指前文提到的his retirement party,故用定冠词the。 get前加to 由语境可知,此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。 第九句中:enjoyenjoying 分析句子结构可知,介词of后是复合宾语,用动词-ing形式。,Passage 2 (2016新课标全国2) 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每句不超过两个错误; 2.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 3.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。,The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that