英语中形容词的用法.ppt

形容词的句法作用,一、形容词的定义 用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征的词称为形容词。 二、形容词的用法： 1. 作定语，一般放在名词之前。 eg. Its a sunny day today. 今天是个阳光灿烂的日子。,eg. She has a red coat. 她有一件红色的外套。 its a beautiful butterfly . 这是只漂亮的蝴蝶 What a fine day! 多好的天气！ This is an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。 Kitty is a clever cat. Kitty是一只聪明的猫。,2.做后置定语 放在不定代词 something，anything，nothing，everything 等之后,Would you like something hot to drink？ 你想喝点热的饮料 吗？ 我有重要的事要告诉你。 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ 这儿一点都不危险。,I have something important to tell you.,Is there anything interesting in the film?,There is nothing dangerous here.,Something serious has happened to him. 他发生了严重的事故。 Is there anything new in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸有什么新的内容吗？ Are you doing anything important tonight? 你今晚有重要的事吗？ He as something interesting to tell you. 他有些有趣的事要告诉你。,与介宾短语或不定式短语配合使用时一起放在被修饰的名词之后 。 This is a glass full of water. 这是一个装满水的玻璃杯。 He is a person easy to get along with. 他是一个容易相处的人。 Africa is a continent very difficult to reach. 非洲是一块很难到达的大陆。 The old fisherman dragged up an old basket full of sand. 老渔夫拖上来一只装满沙子的旧篮子。,与表示长，宽，高，重，老，远离的词连用时后置。 he is a man 1.8 metres tall. 他是一位身高1.8米的男士。 Beijing is a city 1213 kilometers away from here. 北京是一个离这里1213公里之外的城市。 He crossed a street 15 metres wide. 他穿过一条15米宽的街道。,2. 形容词 作表语，放在连系动词的后面。 存在 类：be look sound taste smell feel seem prove 持续 类: stay keep remain 变化 类: become turn get grow,eg. He looks happy today. 他今天看起来得很高兴 I feel very tired after playing football. 踢球之后我觉得很累。 Yao Ming is very tall. 姚明非常高。 Our classroom is big and bright . 我们的教室又大又明亮。,The price sounds reasonable. 这个价格听起来合理。 His life becomes more and more better. 他的生活变得越来越好。 Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定的状态。,3. 形容词用作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 （在动词consider，find，believe，think，make ，get，keep 等词后常用形容词做宾补 ） eg. Dont keep the door open. 别让门敞着。 His success made him happy. 他的成功让他感到幸福。 Dont make your hands dirty . 别让你的手弄脏了。 Were trying to make our school beautiful .我们要使校园变漂亮。,4.多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为: 限定词（冠词指示代词形容词性物主代词）描绘性形容词（大小、长短、高低、形状 、 年龄、新旧 、颜色 ） 国籍地区出处物质材料用途类别 + 名词 县 官 行 令 宴 国 才 A small round wooden table 一张小圆木桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院,There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。 I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒 They have got a round brown wooden table. 他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。,1.One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,形容词的级别,大多数形容词有三个级别: 原级：即形容词的原形,用来说明人或事物的特征。 如：small, good, pretty, big, clever, tall等。 My brother is clever. Today is hot.,比较级：用在两个人或物之间的比较。 如：small（小的）-smaller（更小的） good（好）-better（更好） tall（高）-taller（更高）, old（旧）-older（更旧）, many/much（多）more（更多）等。 Tom is taller than Bob. I am taller than my brother.,最高级：用来比较三个或三个以上的人或物。 small(小的)-the smallest(最小的) tall(高的) -the tallest（最高的） new(新的)- the newest（最新的） good(好)-the best（最好） Mary is the youngest in my class.,规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 1) 一般情况加 er 或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest,tall taller tallest narrow narrower narrowest small young New long,younger,smallest,smaller,youngest,newer,newest,longer,longest,2) 以字母 e 结尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest,wide wider widest rude brave able,abler,ablest,braver,bravest,ruder,rudest,3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 er 或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest,heavy Happy easy,heavier,heaviest,happier,happiest,easier,easiest,4) 以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母且词尾音节重读时，双写词尾辅音字母加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest hot,hotter,hottest,规则变化 大多数双音节词和多音节词,在词前加most（程度加深）或less（程度减弱）变为比较级、加most（程度最深）或least（程度减弱）变为最高级。,slowly - more /less slowly most/least slowly easily - more / less easily most/ least easily carefuly,more/less carefully,most/least carefuly,interesting,more/less interesting,most/least interesting,不规则变化 good/well better best many/much more most little less least bad/badly/ill worse worst,侧重点不同的不规则变化，P67,1.Birds can fly _, eagles（鹰） can fly _than birds. They fly _ in the world. ( high, higher, highest ) 2. I am _ than my brother, but my little sister is the _ of us. (fat, fatter, fattest ) 3. Which can swim _, fish or sharks? ( well, better, best ) 4. The green book is a _ book, but the red one is much _ than the green one. Its the_ book in the bookshop. (nice, nicer, nicest ) 5. Look at that boy, he is running _ (fast,faster). 6. I think that book is _ (good, better) for you.,练习,high,higher,highest,fatter,fattest,better,nice,nicer,nicest,fast,better,7. The new library has _ (many, more) books than the old one. 8. Sally is _ (tall, taller) than her cousin. 9. Our school is much _ (large, larger) than yours. 10. Look, Janet is jumping _ (high, higher) than Mike.,more,taller,larger,higher,副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。,副词,副词的词形: 与形容词同形，如:fast early long high This car runs fast. They went to school early yesterday. 在形容词后加词缀 ly 转化成副词，如： quiet quietly perfect perfectly firm firmly happy - happily,副词的用法,副词在句中可用作： 1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用) It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语，修饰动词is raining。) Dont drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词，作状语，修饰动词drive，副词too又修饰副词fast。) He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks，quite又修饰副词well。) This is a fairly useful tool，这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful) He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped) She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词，修饰动词went。) Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。,2)表语 Is he up?他起床了没有? She is out.她出去了。 3)定语 Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life),1.副词的作用: 用来修饰动词.形容词.其它副词.全句或 名词词组及句子,二 、副词,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用,作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光), 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！), 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。),2.6副词的比较等级 和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。 但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外，须注意下面例词中well，badly的不规则变化。如： 原级比较级 最高级 hard 努力地harderhardest fast 快faster fastest well 好better best badly 坏 worseworst early 早 earlier earliest quickly 快 more quicklymost quickly happily 快乐地 more happily most happily,2.有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成,有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y, 如:true truly terrible -terribly,good的副词是well. well 也可作形容词用，但只有唯一的意思healthy 健康的 hard 既是形容词也是副词,作形容词是“困难的”difficult，作副词是“努力地”。 hardly的意思是“几乎不”它和hard没关系,注意,用词的适当形式填空 1 He works very _. He _ has a rest on Sunday. (hard) 2 _, he didnt fail in the exam.(luck) 3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news. (surprise) 4 He wont do it. I wont do it, _. (too),hard,hardly,Luckily,surprised,surprising,either,5 Mr. Green is feeling _ enough to go to work. (good) 6 The old man looks very _ than you think. (friend) 7 This box is not so _ as that one. (heavy) 8 Lucy jumped _ of the four. (high),well,more friendly,heavy,highest,形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的构成,形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的用法,五 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。 4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine.,六比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。 注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. （对） He is more clever than his brother.,十 和more有关的词组， 1） the morethe more 越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。 2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 3） no more than 与一样，不比多。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 no less than 与一样。例如： He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。,1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思 *This cake is more delicious than that one. *Li Lei jumped farther than Jim (did).,2) 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China. *Lucy sings (the) best of all. *He is the most careful among us.,3) 在表示 “和一样” 和 “不及” 这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+原级+as”的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before. *He does not run so (as) fast as I.,4) 可用much, still, a little, even, far,three years等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is three years older than I. *This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.,5)几种比较级的使用句型 1.“ 比较级 + and + 比较级 ” 表示“ 越来越 ” *Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。 *These days more and more people are learning English. 现在学英语的人越来越多了。,2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 表示“ 越就越 ” *The more, the better. 越多越好。 *The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。,3.“ more (less) than ”表示 “不止，不到” *She is more than thirty. 她三十多岁了。 *The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. 最轻的不到五十公斤。,4.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少” *The problem is more or less solved. 这个问题差不多已经解决了。 *Is it straight? More or less. 它直吗？ 差不多吧。,6)注意点 形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略 在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词 *This pen is shorter than that one. *The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.,3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller, Mary or Jane? *Which is biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?,7)掌握几种同义句转换 1. He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is taller than the other students in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest (student)in his class.,3. I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 4. The box is too heavy for him to carry. = The box is so heavy that he cant carry it. = The box is not light enough for him to carry.,Exercises,c,选择 ( )1 Who gets home usually _ in your family? A. the latest B. later C. early D. as late ( )2 The more we looked at the picture, _. A. we like it less B. the less we liked it C. better we liked it D. it looked better ( )3 What a pity. Lucy ran _ than Lily. A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly C. much more slowly D. little slowlier,A,B,B,( )4 Dont worry. Your baby is looked after _ here, the nurse are very _. A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful C. care, careless D. careless, care ( )5 The idea became _ . He wanted to try _. A. strangly, it out B. strangly, out it C. strange, it out D. strange, out it ( )6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China. A. the first B. one of C. the second D. second,B,C,C,7、The bread is _ than these cakes A、very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious,8. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far,9. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _ A.happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest,10.which is _ season in Beijing ? A.good B. better C. best D. the best,C,C,A,D,11. I think Yao ming the famous basketball player , he will be _ new Star in NBA hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest 12. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 13. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 14. An elephant is _ than a tiger heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier,D,D,C,D,15. A horse is _ than a dog Much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier 16. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _ Care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 17. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ? Interesting B. most interesting C. More interesting D. the most interesting,C,D,C,18. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box strong B. stronger C. much stronger . D. the strongest 19. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy A. less more B. few much C. more