新人教版必修五UNIT1GREATSCIENTISTS单元课件高中课件下载.ppt

unit 1 great scientists,there are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. can you name some of them? match the inventions with their inventors below.,warming up:,alexander bell electricity thomas edison the first telephone laite brothers the electric lamp madame curie black holes in universe franklin theory of gravity stephen hawking the first plane elbert einstein radium isaac newton the theory of relativity,do you know?,who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,archimedes,charles darwin,who invented the first steam engine?,thomas newcomen,who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?,gregor mendel,who discovered radium?,who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,marie curie,thomas edison,leonardo da vinci,who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?,who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,who put forward a theory about black holes?,sir humphrey davy,zhang heng,stephen hawking,who is the father of super hybrid rice?,yuan longping,do you know who defeated “king cholera”?,john snow,john snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in london and he defeated “king cholera”.,do you know what kind of disease is cholera?,it is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.,lets get to know how dr. john snow defeated “king cholera” in 1854 in london in this reading passage:,john snow defeats “king cholera”,what happened in 1854? how many people died in 10 days? why is there no death at no. 20 and 21 broad street as well as at no. 8 and 9 cambridge street?,cholera outbreak hit london.,500,these families had not drunk the water from the broad street pump.,task 1:skim and scan,task 2: read and answer,1 why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? 2 which theory did john snow believe in? 3 john snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. a. gathering information with the help of a map b. looking into the source of the water for broad street and cambridge street c. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt d. both a and b 4 to prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did john snow do?,1 why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? 2 which theory did john snow believe in?,neither its cause, not its cure was understood.,people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.,3 john snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. a. gathering information with the help of a map b. looking into the source of the water for broad street and cambridge street c. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt d. both a and b,4 to prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did john snow do?,suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.,1.draw a conclusion:(得出结论) 2.think of a method:(找出研究方法) 3.collect results:(收集材料) 4.make up a question:(形成研究主题) 5.find a problem:(发现问题) 6.analyse results:(分析材料) 7. find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据),5,4,2,3,6,7,1,stages in examining a new scientific idea,john snow defeats “king cholera”,the passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:,1.find a problem:(发现问题) 2.make up a question:(形成研究主题) 3.think of a method:(找出研究方法) 4.collect results:(收集材料) 5.analyse results:(分析材料) 6.find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据) 7.draw a conclusion:(得出结论),john snow defeats “king cholera”,what causes cholera?,which theory is correct?,gather information when another cholera hit london in 1854.,he marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.,looked into the source of the water.,two other deaths.,the water is to blame. the source of all drinking water should be examined.,read the passage again and fill in the blanks: john snow was a well-known _ in london in the _ century. he wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. in 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. he _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. so he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. he suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. finally, “king cholera” was defeated.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,(in 5 minutes),read the passage again and finish ex. 1(page 3). (in 8 minutes),john snow defeats “king cholera”,language points,language points,find the phrases in the passage.,1、提出 2、传染病 3、科学研究 4、得出结论 5、分析结果 6、对产生兴趣 7、被传染的人 8、信仰 9、查清楚,10、调查 11、水源 12、使慢下来 13、另外 14、把和联系起来 15、死于 16、毫无疑问地 17、阻止做 18、处理,put forward infectious diseases scientific research draw a conclusion analyze the results get interested in the affected people believe in find out,1、提出 2、传染病 3、科学研究 4、得出结论 5、分析结果 6、对产生兴趣 7、被传染的人 8、信仰 9、查清楚,look into the source of water slow down in addition linkto die of with certainty preventfrom deal with,10、调查 11、水源 12、使慢下来 13、另外 14、把和联系起来 15、死于 16、毫无疑问地 17、阻止做 18、处理,language points 1.discover & invent discover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着. columbus discovered america in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲. who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭? invent v. “发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西. who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机? 2.who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?,the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做的方法” she showed us the way of cleaning it.= she showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法. the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略. i dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father. 我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语: by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想 feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on ones way to在去的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法,3.who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论? put forward (1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等) (2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名 may i put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们的班长? put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单; put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期 put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造 put up with 忍受 you can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them. a. put on b. put down c. put back d. put off,1. put forward 提出,put down put off put away put on put out,放下，记下 推迟，延期 放好 穿上， 上演 扑灭,ex. fill in the blanks. the manager _ a good idea to solve the problem. tom, could you please _ toys and books ? they are everywhere. 3. the big fire was _ an hour later. 4. the match has _ because of the rain. 5. time was up for the test. so all the students _ their pens and turned in their papers. 6. the man _ his best hat and went to the station.,put forward,put away,put out,been put off,put down,put on,4.this was the most deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论 3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人 adv. 1. very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白,2. attend,1) 专心 , 处理 attend to sth. 2）照顾 attend to sb. / sth 3) 治疗，护理, 照料 attend (on ) sb. 4）出席，参加 attend a meeting attend school (入学） he attended to his business. if you go out , who will attend to the baby? i didnt attend his wedding on sunday because i was too busy.,他专心于他的事务。,如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？,星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。,exercises,她岁就上学了。 一位好医生在医院里给我看病。 你能马上处理这件事吗？,she attended school at the age of five.,a good doctor attended (on) me in hospital.,can you attend to this matter right away ?,3. ease v . 减轻，舒缓,this medicine can ease pain. the relationship between these two countries has eased.,这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。,两国的关系已经得到缓和。,ease ones mind = put sb. at (ones) ease,使某人安心,她说的话使大家安下心来。,what she said eased everyones mind.,what she said put everyone at ease.,5.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:the book written by luxun is very popular. expose v. to make visible 暴露 “expose .to.” he exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. (2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露;揭发 he exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋. i threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.,expose to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下,the disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded,5. cure,v. / n. 治愈, 治疗 this kind of medicine cant cure him of his headache. he went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital.,这种药治不了他的头痛。,他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。,v.,n.,科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。,scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu.,6. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死. every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,如: every time i meet him, i always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情. immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”,如:,i will give the letter to him immediately i see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他. i came directly i got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了.,6. control,v. 统治，控制 he tried to control his anger. 他尽量控制自己的愤怒。 n. 统治，控制 , 掌握 in control of指导；支配 he was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。 under the control of 被控制着 ( go ) out of control 失控,他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。,his money is under the control of his wife.,the car went out of control and hit the wall.,7.the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着.(suggest 用法参考p43.4,并完成相关的练习) 8.absorb v. 吸收(液体);承受;承担 (费用等) use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水 we will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用. absorbin/by吸引注意 i was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心看书,absorbinto吸收 the big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,8. severe,= serious 严厉的，严格的 = very harmful 剧烈的 be severe with = be strict with 对要求严格 his severe looks frightened me. 他的严厉表情使我恐慌。 he has a severe pain in his leg. 他的脚痛得厉害。 他对自己要求很严格。 he is very severe with himself.,9. valuable a. 贵重的，重要的，有用的,be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值 be valuable for sth. 对有用 value n. 价值 valuable = of great value 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。 这本书对我的学习很有价值。 电脑对储存资料很有用。,he provided us with valuable information.,this book is valuable to me in my studies.,this book is of great value to me in my studies.,computer is valuable for storing information.,10. blame 责备，指责，归咎于,blame sb. (for sth. ) blame sth. on sb. they blamed him for everything . 他们样样事都指责他。 he blamed it on me. 他怪我不好。 警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。 他把比赛失败归咎于自己。,the police blamed the accident on the driver.,he blamed himself for the loss of the match.,11. handle,n. 把手， 柄 v. 操作， 处理，管理， 拿 the handle of the door handle the business handle an argument handle the food,门的把手,管理业务,处理一场争论,拿食物,12. in addition 除此之外，另外，并且,in addition to = besides 除此之外还有 in addition to english , he has to study a second foreign language. 除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。 in addition , i work for the computer computer in my spare time. 此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。,she can sing songs in english _ in japanese. the doctor found another way of curing the cancer _.,in addition to,in addition,13. linkto 把与连接/ 联系,scientists have linked smoking to cancer. 科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。 这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。 the railway links shanghai to beijing.,14. announce,宣布，发表， 告知 显示， 预告/ 示 the government announced its new economic policies. 政府发布了新的经济政策。 the strong wind announced the coming of a big storm. 强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。 这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。 the news was announced to the public on tv.,choose the right one for the blanks.,believe in, deal with , preventfrom , with certainty, die of , in addition , look into the police are _ all the records of the man. _, the course also provides practical experience. he _ him and let him handle all his business. the government is doing something to _ the polluted water. the old man _ hunger and cold. you should _ your child _ going out at night. he was the first to work out the problem _.,looking into,in addition,believed in,deal with,died of,prevent from,with certainty,p42.using words and expressions 1. in the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illnesses. the reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. however, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. so they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. the doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. it was only later when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea that cholera was _ from the air. it was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _ and was not a problem any more.,expose,examine,severe,blame,to,link,to,absorbed,rejected,test,defeated,1,great scientists reading & writing,warming up,do you know what is the center of the solar system?,fast reading listen to the tape, and find out the answers to the questions. 1. what did copernicus think was the center of the solar system? 2.when did copernicus publish his theory?,reading copernicus revolutionary theory,careful reading why didnt copernicus publish his theory before he died?,p7. 1.use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.,before copernicus theory a diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre,showing copernicus theory a diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre,nicolaus copernicus was a polish astronomer (1473-1543). born in torun, he began his university studies in krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and latin and greek classics. however he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. after obtaining his degree of doctor of canon law (教会法规博士学位)in italy in 1503, copernicus returned home to warmia in poland to serve as canon (=priest) . in 1530, copernicus completed his great work de revolutionibus (天体运行论).copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the roman catholic church (罗马天主教教徒), so he was,in no hurry to publish his theory. he only published it as he lay dying in 1543. though copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the sun, not the earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time. adapted from http:/www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/,1. surf the internet and get more information about copernicus. /literature/biographies/science/copernicus.htm 2. revision,homework,listening (p5),1. qian xuesen first studied to be an engineer. 2. in america he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to china. 3. when qian xuesen returned to china he sep up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.,4. in china he has been honoured as “the father of the space programme”. 5. steve smith suggested putting qian xuesens picture on mars when the first chinese astronaut lands there.,grammar the past participle,translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.,一片碎玻璃 开水 一枚用过的邮票 一箱埋起来的硬币 穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机,结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。,a broken piece of glass,boiled water,a used stamp,a buried box of coins,a damaged computer,wornout shoes,complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.,past participle past participle as the attribute as the predicative terrified people 1. reserved seats 2. polluted water 3. a crowded room 4. a pleased winner 5.,people who are terrified,seats which are reserved,water that is polluted,a room that is crowded,a winner who is pleased,past participle past participle as the predicative as the attribute 1. children who 1. look astonished 2. a vase that is broken 2. 3. a door that is closed 3. 4. the audience who feel tired 4. 5. an animal that is trapped 5.,astonished children,a broken vase,a closed door,the tired audience,a trapped animal,grammar,一、过去分词作定语 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。 eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken english 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 drunken man 一个醉鬼 a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月,2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动或完成意义。 e.g.：how i regretted the hours wasted in the woods! 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 i like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.：the books written by lu xun are popular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。,practice: change the followin