结构建筑专业术语.doc

J-A2-96第 45 页 共 46 页1. 编制目的为向本公司建筑、结构专业在编制设计文件时提供方便，特编制本文件。2. 适应范围本英文词汇可在本公司编制的建筑、结构专业设计文件中使用。3. 注意事项本英文词汇仅限于建筑、结构专业用词，其他相关专业用词及普通用词未包括在内。4. 建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇4.1 总体设计General design设计依据Design basis建筑红线Building line建筑系数Coefficient of building occupation界区Battery limited有效面积Effective area使用面积Usable area结构面积Structural area建筑面积Building area建筑面积密度Density of building area竖向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高线Contour line相对标高Relative elevation绝对标高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度Basic earthquake intensity抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity风玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑间距Building distance公顷Hectare指北针North arrow测北Geophical north建北Plant north气象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artifical illumination照度Degree of illumination通风Ventilation正压通风Positive ventilating噪声Noise隔声Sound insulation吸声Sound absorption保温隔热Heat insulation露点Dewpoint冷桥Cold-bridge遮阳Sunshade恒温恒湿Constant temperature & constant humidity消声Noise elimination; noise redxuction防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般词汇Conventional terms of architeture方案Scheme; draft草图Sketch透视图Perspective drawing建筑构图Architectural composition坐标Coordinvate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth层高Floor height净高Clear height; headroom横数Module; modulus裙房Skirt building楼梯Staxlir梯段Stair slab楼梯平台Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure staircase防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well消防电梯间Emergency elevators well自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escapeway耐火等级Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production耐火极限Duration of fire-resistance防火间距File-break distance泄压面积Area of pressure release闷顶Mezanine; mezzanine砖标号Grade of brick; strenth of brick承重墙Bearing wall非承重墙Non-bearing wall挡土墙Retaining wall填充墙Filler wall围护墙Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女儿墙Parapet wall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮层Damp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse wall纵横Longitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embeded inserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosion化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liguidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion锈蚀Nusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite岩棉Mineral wool; mine wool沥青Saphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enamel brick空心砖Hollow brick砌块Block缸砖guarry brick锦砖mosac地面砖paving brick防滑地砖non-slip brick耐酸砖（板）acidbrick (acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形镀锌钢板galvanijed corrugate steel sheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色压型钢（铅）板coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat;profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面line plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster 刀灰打底hemp-cut and line as base原木Log方木sguare timber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃plate glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起 玻璃pnism glass夹丝玻璃Wire glass夹层玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass钢化玻璃reinforced glass镀膜玻璃coating glass有机玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑构造及配件Building construction & component铺砌psving地坪gradc基层bedding素土夯实rammed earth垫层base结合层bonding course面层Covering隔离层Mnsulation course活动地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示块ground prompt遮阳板sunshade窗套Window moulding护角curb guard防水层water-proof course找平层Leveling course隔热层heat insulation course保温层rhermal insulation course柃条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspending ceiling吊顶花骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eawe檐口eave泛水flashing分水线water-sted檐沟eave gutter汇水面积catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门（窗）sound insulation door (window);acousticol door (window)防火门（窗）fire door (window)冷藏门freejer door安全门exit door防护门（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽门（窗）Shield door (window)防风砂门radiation resisting dooe (window)密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door (window)壁柜门closet door变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation door检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hunge door推拉门（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门ralling door转门revolving door夹板门palywood door拼板门FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door);matchboard door实拼门solid door镶板门panel door镶玻璃门glajed door玻璃门glass door钢木门steel & wooden door百页门shutter door连窗门door with side window传递窗delivery window观察窗observation window换气窗vent sast上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗bottom-hung window立转窗vertically pivoted window固定窗fixed window单层窗single window双层窗double window百页窗shutter带形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window组合窗composite window落地窗french window玻璃幕墙glajed curtain wall门（窗）框door (window) fram拼樘料transon （横），mullin （竖）门（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平开窗扇 casement sash)纱扇sereen sash亮子transom, fanlight门心板pancl披水板weather board贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板sill plate防护铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating合页butts; hinges; butthinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁mortice lork; door lock执手锁mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑结构Building structure4.5.1 荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Static load移动荷载Mouing load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载impact load附加荷载Superimposed规定荷载（又称标准荷载）Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric Load风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force、Wind Pressure雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load（吊车）最大轮压Maximun Wheel Load吊车荷载Crane Load安装荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construc tion Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading重复荷载Repeated Load刚性荷载Rigid Load柔性荷载Flecxible Load临界荷载Critical Load容许荷载Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load极限荷载Ultimatr Load条形荷载Strip Load破坏荷载Failure Load, Load ot failure地震荷载Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷载组合Conbination of load4.5.2 地基和基础Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Natulal ground人工地基Artigicial ground混凝土基础Concrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基础Rubble masonry footing; (Rubble)stone footing砖基础Brickwolk footing桩基础Pile foundation设备基础Egiuipment foundation机器基础Machine foundation独立基础Indioidual footing, Isolatrd foundationPad foundation联合基础Combined footing大块式基础Massiue foundation条形基础Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; CBntinuousfooting方形基础Sguale footing杯形基础Footing socket板式基础Slab-foundation; Mat footing阶梯形基础Stepped foundation; Benched foundation(Stepped footing)扩展基础spread footing扩底基础Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foandationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基础Caisson foundation构架式基础Frame foundalion深基础Decp foundation基础Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基础板Foundation slab基础梁Foundation beam Footing beam基础底面Foundalion baic基础底板Foundation mat基础垫层Foundation-bed基础埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下连续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pilc钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concerete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Linle pile; Lime column; Quickime pile单桩Single pile群桩Pile gronp; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precalt pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-plale pileCast-in-situ pile; Fiuing pile板桩shect pile拆密桩Compaction pile挤密砂桩Sand compaction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil compaction pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承桩End bearing pile; Point pearing pile;Column pile (柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile; 抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; ile couel桩头Pile cyown; pile heat桩端Pile tip桩身Pile shaft桩距Pile spacing桩钢筋笼Pile cape试桩Test pile桩荷载试验Pile coad teet桩的动荷载试验Dynamic load telt of pile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateral pile load telt桩的极限荷载Ultimatl ple load桩承载能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile土压力Earth pressure主动土压力Actiue earth pressure被动土压力Passiue earth pressune静止土压力Earth pressule ot reat容许地耐力Allouable bearing strength冰冻深度Frozen depth; Frost depth; Frost penetration depth of frost penetralion防冻深度Frost-prdof depth粘土类土Clayey soil轻亚粘土Sandy loam亚粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂质土Sandy soil砂砾石Sandy grauel stratum膨胀土Expansiue soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard pan液限Liguid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指数Index of plasticity松软土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Balk fill Refilling杂填土Mislellaneous fill地表水Surfale water;地下水Groundwatcr地下水位Groundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight湿容重Wet unit welght饱和容重Saturated unit weight不均匀沉降Unegual settelment;Differential settlement地基处理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improuement土质查勘Soil exploration地质勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement倾斜obliguity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯实土Compacted soil夯实填土Compacted fill夯实回填土Tamped backfill夯实分层厚度Compacted lift持力层Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道与基础相碰Pipelinge interferes with foundation4.5.3 一般结构用语Terms for general structures建筑结构Builcling structure建筑物Building结构形式Strudural type混凝土（砼）结构Concrete structure砌体结构Masonry structure砖砌结构Brick constructure石砌结构Stone structure砖砼结构Brickand concrete structure钢结构Strrl structure结构型钢Shape steel木结构Timber structure组合结构Composite structure框架结构Frame struc ture梁板结构Beam and slab structure构件Member承重构件Load-braring member结构构件Struvture member肋形屋盖Ribbed roof肋形楼板Ribbed floor slab无梁楼板Flat plate; Flaf slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折线形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame排架Bent frame刚架Rigid frame门架Portal frame抗风构架Wind frame抗震构架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girdec主梁Principal beam; Primary beam次梁Secondary beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam悬臂梁Cantileuel beam连续梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth过梁Lintel曲梁Curued beam bow beam基础梁Foundation beam吊车梁Crane girderT形梁T-beam柱Column组合柱Combination column立柱Post吊车柱Crane column抗风柱End panel column墙wall板slab plate承重墙Bearing walls柱网Column grid支撑系统Brale system柱间支撑Portal bracing betwlen columns屋石支撑Roof bracing垂直支撑Uertical bracing水平支撑Horizontal bracing剪刀撑Cross bracing临时顶撑,支撑Shoring桁架式支撑Trussed braling斜撑Knel-brale上弦Tot chord下弦Bottom chord节间Panel节点Panel point压杆Compression member; strut拉杆Tension member; Tie-beam腹杆Web member斜杆Diagonal member斜腹杆Diagonal web member吊杆Hangel rod; sag rod系杆，拉杆Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint铰接点Hinged point固接点Fixed Joint安装接点Erection joint拼接接点Splile joint节点板、连接板Gusset plate; Connecting plate加劲板Stiffener plate支撑板Bearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接头Beam-column connections截面Cross seltion拱Arch壳Shell伸缩缝Expansion joint沉降缝Settlement joint施工缝Construction joint防震缝Aseismic joint4.5.4 结构理论用语Terms for theory of slructuresa) 设计方法术语Terms for design method结构设计Structure design按极限强度设计Ultimate strength desthn按许可应力设计Working stress design按承载能力设计Loading capacity design按稳定性设计Design accqrding to stabilitg按变形设计Design according to deformation结构分析Structurat analysis结构计算Stractural calcuiation静定结构Statically determinate struvtures超静定结构Statixally indeterminste strultures精确计算Rigorous calculation近似计算Approximate calculation安全等级Safety classes极限状态Limite states摩擦系数Coeficient of friction质量密度Mass density重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 结构的作用效应术语轴向力Normal fqrce剪力Shcar forle弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (uertical) componente合力Resultant正应力Normal stress剪应力Shear stress主应力Principal stress次应力Secondary stress预应力Prestress位移Displacement挠度Deflextion变形Deformation弯曲Bending; Flexure扭转Torsionc) 材料性能、结构抗力术语Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistante moment强度Strength刚度Stiffness; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗压强度Cpmpressiue strength抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度Shear strength抗变强度Flcxural strength抗扭强度Torsional strength抗裂强度Cracking strength屈服强度Yield strength疲劳强度Fatigue strength弹性模量Modulus of elasticith剪切模量Shear modulus变形模量Modulus of deformation稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 几何参数术语Terma of geometry parameter截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section载面宽度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面积Area of section截面面积矩First moment of area截面惯性矩Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Section modulus回转半径Radius of gyration偏心距Zclentrility长度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse长细比Slenderness ratio4.5.5 砖石结构Masonry construction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying砖标号Grade of brick; Strength of brick毛石砌体Rubble masonry毛石砼砌体Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂浆Cement mortar石灰砂浆Lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆ement-lime mirtar砂浆找平Mortar levelling4.5.6 钢筋砼结构Reinforled concrete structuve素混凝土Plain comcre te钢筋混凝土Reinforcld concrete预应力砼Prestressed concrete砼标号Gracle of cincrete钢号Grade of steel整体式结构Monolthic structure装配式结构Assembled structure预制构件Precast element; Fabricated element现浇Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site浇灌砼Concreti