阅读理解选择题点拨与操练.doc

阅读理解选择题点拨与操练一.细节分析题型考查细节是作者在文章中通过具体的内容来阐述、发展中心思想，证明、解释和支持论点。在阅读文章时，应尽可能多的获得信息和理解细节。一般说来，阅读理解选择题中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的题比较容易回答，在文章中可直接找到答案。具体的方法有：1认真审题，弄清所问内容之后，在文章中找到相关部分，用寻读的方法,快速查找涉及答题内容的关键词如与题目相近的同义词或意思相同、表达不同的句子。2如果试题所问内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，如时间、价格、次数等需要经过计算后才能得出答案。做这类题时要千万注意不要轻易从文中直接给出数字以免弄错。3对于含有否定意义的词汇的问题如not，except，least等，要特别注意，不要忽视它们导致理解错误。4要准确把握指代关系，如为避免重复而使用的人称代词、物主代词、关系代词等。 举例分析 Jack Wurm was walking along the shore when he saw a bottle on the sand. As he stooped to pick it up, Jack saw a note inside. He couldnt believe what he read. The note is worth （价值）over six million dollars! It was a will, written by a very rich man. Of course, the man had died. It said that whoever found the bottle would get half of his fortune(财产). The bottle had been floating in the ocean for twelve years before Jack found it.Jack Wurm never picked up bottles at the shore, but this time he did!1) Jack found the bottle _ A. in his house B. in a store C. at the shore D. at a dump2) The bottle had been floating in the ocean for A. 6 months B. 12 years C. 6 years D. 12 months 通过审题知道第1题是问Jack是在哪里发现瓶子的，由文章的第一句话Jack Wurm was walking along the shore when he saw a bottle on the sand可以得出Jack是在海边漫步时，发现的瓶子，根据此句可知第1题的答案是C。第2题问瓶子在海上漂浮了多长时间由The bottle had been floating in the ocean for twelve years before Jack found it这句可知是漂了12年所以第2题的答案是B。实践操练请阅读下列短文，然后选出最佳答案。 ( A )Do you know what a revolving(旋转) door is? It is a door that spins around when you push it. Many stores today have revolving doors, but years ago they were very rare. In 1890, the owner of a restaurant in New York City heard of the revolving door and believed it might help business. The owner took the regular door off and had a revolving door installed(安装). Many people came to the restaurant. There were over four thousand people the first day. But the owner of the restaurant wasnt too happy. The people entered the spinning door and kept going around until they were outside again. Very few people stopped to eat.1) The best title is . A. New York City Today B. A Wonderful Meal C. A Restaurant with a Revolving Door D. Up and Down the Stairs2) The restaurant in the story was in . A. New York City B. Chicago C. Reno, Nevada D. Boston ( B )Does lightning frighten you? If it does, you should be glad that you dont live near the Catatumbo River in Venezuela. There is lightning every night all the year, near the river. As soon as the sun goes down, the lightning starts. Every few minutes there is another flash, and it continues(连续) all night long. When the next night comes, the lightning begins again. This has been happening for hundreds of years. Sometimes the lightning is so bright that it can be seen for 200 miles. Many people are afraid of lightning, but the people who live near the Catatumbo River are used to it.3) The best title is . A. The People of Venezuela B. Boating on the Catatumbo River C. Terrible Rainstorms D. Lightning Every Night4) At night, lightning flashes every few . A. hours B. minutes C. years D. weeks ( C )Dolphins have to eat about one-third of their weight in food each day to stay healthy. The usual dolphin diet is made up of different types of fish.Dolphins are able to catch fish because they are strong and fast swimmers. They can swim at a speed of twenty to twenty-five miles per hour. Dolphins are able to find fish by using their special way of sending and receiving sounds. Over and over, they send out numerous( 很多的) clicking noises and the noises bounce(弹) off objects in the water. The returning noises are picked up again by the dolphins. And then they go to find dinner.5) Which is the best title for the passage? A. Fish for Dinner B. Facts About Ocean Creature C. The Speed of Dolphins D. The Dolphins Diet6) Dolphins send out sounds that are like . A. rings B. clicks C. claps D. whistles ( D )Every country has its own customs. Customs are the ways things are usually done. For example, it is the custom in America to shake hands when we meet someone. In some countries, people bow(鞠躬). We have our own eating customs too. Girls visiting the United States find some of them interesting. A girl from the Philippine( 菲律宾 ) Islands thinks our food is too cold-cold milk, cold juice, cold fruit. A girl from Uruguay(乌拉圭) thinks it strange that we eat so early at night. In Uruguay, they usually eat at about ten oclock. A girl from Sweden is surprised that you can buy so many different kinds of food in restaurants. Customs help make countries different. They make traveling to new countries fun.7) Which is the best title for the passage? A. Eating Late in Uruguay B. Eating in Restaurants C. Different Customs in Different Countries D. Traveling Is Fun8) Customs are _ in different countries. A. the same B. small C. sad D. different二. 猜测词义题型考查在阅读理解选择测试题中，总是有一些询问词义的题目。而这些词往往是我们不熟悉的词。因此，我们必须学会猜测词义一般可以通过联系上下文和运用学过的构词法知识从意义和构词两个角度来；猜测词义，从而选出正确答案。那么具体的方法是什么呢?一起来看： 1根据上下文猜词义。 1)根据定义或解释猜词义。有时作者会在文中给出该词的定义或用另一种方式进行解释。 2)利用说明词义的定语或同位语来猜词义。引出该词同位语的词一般有：or，that is，in other words等。还有的同位语是以破折号或括号的形式出现。3)根据上下文的内容猜词义。我们可以通过整合上下文中的有关信息进行有机的联想。4)利用文章中的举例猜测词义。我们可以运用从具体到一般的归纳法，根据文中所举例子来概括词义。5)利用常识来猜词义。6)利用对比和比较的词语猜词义。作者在文中比较类似事物时，一般要强调它们的相同或相似之处：同样，在强调事物的对立和区别时，要用到对比的手法或表对比的词语。我们可以从这些内容中获取线索。2利用构词法知识猜词义。1)分解复合词。如果生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成。我们可以从每一个部分独立的意思及它们之间的联系猜词义。2)辨认前缀和后缀。我们可以根据自己认识的词根部分结合前后缀的含义猜出词义。猜测词义的设题一般有如下三种形式：1According to the author，the word“”means .2By“”the author means . 3The underlined word“”means . 举例分析Have you ever wondered how animals can live in the hot ,dry lands of a desert(沙漠)?Most desert animals get all their water from the food they eatAlso，most of these animals find a haven during the dayThey crawl under rocks or live in underground holesThen，in the cool of the evening，they come out to hunt for food and waterSome animals have special qualities that help them live in the desertFor example， tortoises(龟)arent likely to run out of water because they carry water in small pouches (袋)under their shells Snakes have tough skin that lets them crawl over rocks and sand without being cut0ver time，animals have found many ways of living in the desertThe word “haven” in line five means Ashelter Bplant Chot place Dopening 做这道猜测词义题时，我们需要根据上下文的内容来猜测。上文说的是，在又热又干的沙漠里生活的动物从食物中获取水分。下文是说在白天它们会爬到岩石下面或是住在地下的洞里，到了晚上凉爽的时候才出来找吃的。通过岩石和地洞，这些可以隐蔽和躲藏的地方，我们可以猜出在白天动物要找一些地方来躲避炎热，所以haven的意思就是“避难或休息的地方”。在四个选项中，B的意思是植物，C的意思是热的地方。D的意思是开始的，都不符合，只有A的shelter有避难所的意思，所以答案是A。 实践操练请阅读下列短文，然后选出最佳答案( A )One day, a woman in Milford, New Jersey, went to her garden. To her surprise, a large turtle(龟) was eating her tomatoes. The woman put the turtle in her car and took it to a forest a mile and a half away. Two weeks later, she again found the turtle eating her tomatoes. She couldnt be sure if it was the same one, so she put a dab of paint on its shell( 壳 ) and took it ten miles away. Turtles are known for their slowness, but four years later the same turtle was in her garden. The woman then made the turtle her pet. She kept it in a pen( 围栏 ) and fed the turtle its favorite food-tomatoes. 9) The story says that turtles are known for their . A. quickness B. horns C. slowness D. swimming 10) The underlined word dab means . A. paper B. spot C. can D. picture ( B )Dictionaries say that spring fever is a lazy or restless feeling. People usually have the feeling on the first warm day of spring. Everyone has probably felt it at one time or another(曾经). People have talked about it for years. Recently, scientists have taken a good look at spring fever. What they found is quite surprising. In many places we live, the winter months often seem dark and dreary. When the spring comes in late March, the world becomes colorful. The number of daylight hours grows with each passing day. According to many scientists, all this sunlight sets off chemicals ( 化学物质 ) in the brain. The chemicals make our mood(心情) change and bring on spring fever.11) You can tell that chemicals in the brain affect(影响) A. seasons B. sunlight C. feelings D. looks12) According to the author, the word dreary means A. gloomy B. snowy C. rainy D. long ( C )There is one song that you probably sing several times a year. Its Happy Birthday to You. But you may not know that its title was Good Morning to All in 1893. The song was written by two sisters from Louisville, Kentucky. Mildred Hill, a teacher, wrote the music, and her sister, Patty Hill, a school principal(校长), wrote the words. They used the song to welcome young children to the classroom in the morning. They never thought about singing it at birthday celebrations. In 1924, Robert H. Coleman, a publisher changed all that. He included the Hills song in one of his songbooks. He also changed one of the lines of the song to read Happy birthday to you. By 1933, the Hills song had become popular. People knew it by its unofficial(非正式的) title-Happy Birthday to You.13) Patty Hill wrote _ _ A. the music B. the words and the music C. the words D. a songbook14) By publisher, the author means _ _ A. producer of books B. owner of books C. singer of songs D. reader of books三. 推理判断题型考查 在做阅读理解选择题时，我们会遇到这样一种题，它要求我们推断出作者在文中没有直接告诉我们的那些东西。这就是推理判断题。，推理判断题要求我们根据短文的主旨大意或细节事实作出合乎逻辑的推理和判断，理解作者没有明确表达出来而隐含在字里行间的意义。具体方法如下： 1判断，我们要对文章中所阐述的事实或细节按照逻辑发展的规律进行分析和概括，并以此为依据得出结论。 2推理，我们要以已知事实为依据来获得未知信息，我们需要在通读整句、整段或整篇文章，理解主要内容的基础上，找出关键词语，细读相关句段，根据问题进行思考、分析和推理。然后对选项逐个分析，得出正确答案。 3预则，根据出现的信息预测下文将会出现的信息，我们通常都会有意无意地在理解已知信息的基础上，对下文可能出现的信息进行预测。预测的方法有很多，可以通过逻辑上的意思来预测，也可通过标题或主题句预测，或借助语法结构、典型句型等预测。 推理判断的设题一般有如下几种形式： 1The passagestory implies(暗示,)that 2The author suggests that 3We can learn from the passage that 4You can tell from the story that 5The passage is intended to 6 What is implied in the passage?举例分析Kendras legs felt as if they were going to fall off. She and the other dancers had practiced for hours. Kendra knew that all this practice was important. After all, they would have a big show next week. She and the other dancers would perform dances from all over the Africa. Hundreds of people would come to watch. Kendra had started dancing lessons when she was four. She had even come to love the time she spent practicing. Still, all this was very hard work for a seven-year-old girl. Sondra, her teacher, smiled at her. Yes, Kendra thought, well all be ready. It will be the best recital(表演) ever. You can tell that Kendra A. does not like dancing B. is not a good dancer C. is a hard dancer D. enjoy sports 在做这道题时，我们可以借助于排除法，进行推理判断，选出正确答案。A选项说的是Kendra不喜欢跳舞，我们从文中的She had even come to love the time she spent practicing可以得出她是喜欢跳舞的，所以可以排除A。选项B所说的内容在文中没有提到，从She and the other dancers would perform dances from all over the Africa和It will be the best recital ever可推断出Kendra是一个好的舞蹈者。C选项表达的是Kendra是一个勤奋吃苦的舞蹈者。我们从第一段和第三段中可以得出她是个很用功练习舞蹈的女孩.而D选项和文章的内容没关系。所以正确选项是C。实践操练请阅读下列短文，然后选出最佳答案( A )Did you hear a baby cry? Please listen carefully next time when you hear it because the baby may be trying to tell you something. A number of years ago, a doctor in California studied the way babies cry. The doctor believed that each kind of cry means something different. Today, many doctors also believe it. If the baby is hungry, the cry can last only a second. If the baby is in pain, the cry lasts two or three seconds and is louder. A cry like the purr of a kitten(小猫的叫声) means that the baby is happy.Many doctors and parents think that babies cry because they are trying to tell us how they feel. 15) Many doctors think that babies cry because they A. are bad B. want to tell us something C. like crying D. want the parents to work16) A babys cry tells us _ _ A. how much it weighs B. how old it is C. its name D. how it feels ( B )Every day, Rita visits her grandmother after school. She and her grandmother both look forward to these times together. In fact, Ritas grandmother keeps saying, I wish all my other friends had grandchildren to visit them like this. That gave Rita an idea. She talked with her friends about it. Soon, Kid Visits was under way(进行中). Each day, on the way home from school, Kid Visits kids stop and spend time with older people in the neighborhood. The children talk, run errands(差事), or even take the people to the park.Its great for everyone, Rita tells people. The older people live alone. We often come here so they wont feel lonely. And we get to feel that we have many grandparents.17) Kid Visits kids do everything but _ . A. run errands B. talk C. clean houses D. go to the park18) You can tell that Kid Visits kids _ . A. are very unhappy B. care about people C. have nothing to do D. do well in school ( C )Every spring，hundreds of young people from all over the world come to Dallas，TexasThey come to try to win the Dallas CupThe cup became one of I the most important prizes in the sport of youth soccer. The idea for the Dallas cup was born in 1980 Since then，it has grown bigger and bigger each yearThe teams come from everywhereCanada， England，Thailand(泰国)and SO on The players stay with families all around the Dallas areaAlthough speaking different languages can be a problem，most of the children do quite well19) Players stay _ Aby themselves Bfar away from Dallas Cwith Dallas families Dwith famous people 20) You can tell that the Dallas Cup has gotten _ Amore popular Bout of control Cmore tiring Dless interesting ( D )What can parents do when they want to go on a vacation alone，without their children? They can let the children go to a childrens hotel In some places，people have built special hotels for childrenIn Franceone is called “Mon Club” The name means “My Club”Children from three to sixteen can go there The children in “Mon Club” have adults to look after themThey Can swim，go horseback riding，and play all sportsThey can even learn foreign languages if they desire(希望)The children sleep in nice bedrooms with carpets(地毯)and paintings on the walls，just as in most hotelsIt sounds like a nice place to spend a vacationdoesnt it? 21) The French words “Mon Club” mean _ A“Animal Hotel” B“My Club” C“Many Clubs” D“Candy Money”22) Children can stay at “Mon Club” if they are _ A2 years old B13 years old C1 year old D19 years old四.主旨大意题型考查一篇文章读过了却没有理解，就不知道里面所讲的内容，从而也就失去了阅读的意义和作用。就阅读而言，理解其主旨大意是最关键的，能给文章选择一个好的标题。就说明你的阅读是成功的。考查文章标题的设题一般有如下几种形式：1. The best title is 。2. Choose the most suitable title.3. Choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.4. Choose the best title for this passage.5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? 举例分析 Many people have lived in big cities and small towns. They think they walk faster in the cities. They always seem to be in a hurry. A group of scientists decided to find out if city people really do walk faster. The scientists went to many big cities and small towns. They timed how fast the people walked. The scientists found out that city walkers move at almost twice the rate(速度) of walkers in small towns. Why do people in the cities walk faster? Maybe its because they are more nervous. Maybe its because they have more places to go to. What do you think is the reason? The best title is . A. How Fast Scientists Walk B. Walking in Cities and Small Towns C. Walking to Get Someplace D. A Good Way to Travel 由文章中They (Many people) think they walk faster in the cities. if city people really do walk faster. They (The scientists) timed how fast the people walked. The scientists found out that city walkers move at almost twice the rate of walkers in small towns. 以及Why do people in the cities walk faster?等句子意思可知，本文主要讲城市和小镇中的人们的行走。故最佳答案为B。实践操练请阅读下列短文，然后选出最佳答案。 ( A )A sport that many people enjoy is riding the waves on a surfboard. It takes good balance to do it well. That is why in 1961, in California, surfboard riders put skate wheels on pieces of wood. They wanted to practice balancing when they couldnt be surfing on the ocean.In 1963, a company had a wonderful idea to make boards with skate wheels for people who didnt even surf. The boards became popular and are known as skate- boards.Boys and girls around the country enjoy using skateboards. However, since children do skateboarding on cement(水泥路), they know that they must protect themselves. They often use knee and elbow pads to make the sport safer and allow for lots of fun.23) The best title is .A. How Skateboards Began B. Riding Waves in CaliforniaC. How to Make a Surfboard D. Enjoying the Ocean( B ) Probably, most people you know are right-handed. Since there are nine right- handed people for each left-handed person. we live in a right-handed world. Television dials, knobs on doors, and light bulbs turn to the right. Even when w