英语四级题型与做题技巧.doc

英语四级题型与做题技巧.txt不要放弃自己！ -（妈妈曾经这样对我说，转身出门的一刹那，我泪流满面，却不想让任何人看见！） 看到这一句小编也心有感触，想起当初离家前往几千里外的地方的时候，妈妈也说过类似的话，但是身为男儿，必须创出一片天，才能报答父母的养育之恩！ 四、六级阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判1、基本正确四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。2、丰富多变基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调; 复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。作文高分真经(一)背诵背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：(1)精彩词汇;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。语言学习有两个关键词-输入(INPUT)和输出(OUTPUT)。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在?俗话说：熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于挤牙膏状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。(二)默写背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：Writing makes an exact man.(写作使人精确。)只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。(三)中译英中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。(四)写作模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取回避政策，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。对比观点题型(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.有一些人认为.2.另一些人认为.3.我的看法.The topic of _(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of _(支持A的理由一)What is more, _(理由二). Moreover, _(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),_(理由二). Thirdly (finally),_(理由三).From my point of view, I think _(我的观点). The reason is that _(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that _(观点一). For example, they think _(举例说明).And it will bring them _(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,_(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, _(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that _(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.2. 分析并举例使其更充实.The good old proverb _(名言或谚语)reminds us that _(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,_(理由一). For example, _(举例说明). Secondly,_(理由二). Another case is that _(举例说明). Furthermore , _(理由三).In my opinion, _(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say_A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1. 问题现状2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, _(说明A的现状).Second, _(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _(解决方法一). For another _(解决方法二). Finally, _(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that _(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because _(带来的好处).四、说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)1. 说明事物现状2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First _(A的优点之一). Besides _(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,_(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to _(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, _(对前景的预测议论文的框架(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _观点二_.As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _.(2)利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _ 缺点二_.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _讨论议题_.(3)答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的,要求和评分As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_.(4) 谚语警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: _谚语_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job. 1.The abovementioned issue results from the following factors./ Many factors are responsible for the problem. To begin with, _. Whats more, _. Last but not the least, _.2.There is no doubt that_.No one can deny that_.It goes without saying that_.3. When it comes to the issue, different people have different opinions.4.Just as any coin has two sides. I believe there is some truth to both. If I am allowed to make a decision, I prefer _ to _ because _.5.sth. is an indispensable part of sth.6.People can not imagine the world without_./ People can not imagine what the world would be like without_.7.In my view, we have to think carefully before we make the decision to _. Question1 ? Question2 ? These questions need to be answered before we make the final decision.8.in all walks of life9.As an old saying goes,10.Instead of doing sth, we should.rather than11.It is true that., but. eg. It is true that we cant do anything without money, but money is not everything.12.attach great importance to sth.13. is a hot issue14. satisfy/meet ones needs and desires15.sth. benefit sb.= sth. do good to sb.sb. benefit from sth.sb. receive benefit from/by sth.sth/it. is beneficial to sth./sb.16.try every means to do sth./strive to do sth.17.sb. do sth., while sb. others do sth. else18. it is supposed to do sth. 一)比较 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. 4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that. 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are . 二)原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 5. The change in .largely results from the fact that. 6. We may blame .,but the real causes are. 7. Part of the explanations for it is that . One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . Another contributing factor (cause ) is . Perhaps the primary factor is that . But the fundamental cause is that . 三)后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that. 四)批驳 1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for . 7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that . 五)举例 1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example. 六)证明 1) No one can deny the fact that . 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows . 4) Recent studies indicate that . 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that . 6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that 七)开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of . 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among . 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over . 6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular. 7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that . 8) According to a recent survey, . 9) With the rapid development of ., . 八)结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that . 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to . 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that . 5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must . 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to . 10) Taking all these into account, we . 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear. 转贴于： 第二部分是快速阅读，要求考生在15分钟内阅读大约1200个单词的文章，做完10个题目。 前7个题要求判断正误或未提及，后3个题要求根据文章内容把句子补充完整。在这部分，特别强调考生在有限时间内了解文章大意，准确寻找重要细节的能力。可以说，在信息大爆炸的现代社会，这是对考生阅读能力的很好引导。考生要做好这部分，首先要有较快的阅读速度，同时还必须具备一定的阅读方法和技巧，大家可以参考下面的做题步骤：（1）、先看题目定方向。由于时间比较紧张，我们必须带着目的在原文有选择有方向地读文章。这要求考生先看题目再看文章。题目中的时间数字或专有名词，是最应利用的信号，因为这些信息比较明显，很容易在原文找到相关内容。如果没有这些信号，可以根据题目的中心话题在原文寻读。比如样题中快速阅读部分第一题是The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill,看完题目可知此题考文章的大意，所以看文章时可以不顾细节，看一下各部分的小标题即可。再如第二题是Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills,这个题目明显是涉及美国人大部分垃圾怎样处理的话题，所以看文章时就要重点关注含有美国人和大部分垃圾的话题。（2）、主次分明看文章。在原文搜索相关信号时，各段首末应该是阅读重点，另外转折、比较等重要语言现象都是重要的出题点。相反，同义说明的内容，举例的内容，人物身份说明的内容，含有大串专有名词或数字的内容，都是我们略读的部分。（3）、补充题目靠原文。快速阅读的最后三题是补充完整的题目，要求填写的只是个别单词。而这些单词一般是原文中的单词，所以只要考生找到了原文的相关信息，就可以填写正确。值得注意的是，快速阅读的10个题目总体是按照顺序在原文设置答案，但是个别补充完整的题目可能会打乱出题顺序。四级听力技巧规律总结Part I 短对话一But 题型形式：A:.B:.，but .重点听第二个说话人B说话，but 后面所说的话为重点，出题点往往在but后面。四级听力题中，But 后面的为重点的占95%,之前的为重点的占5%。e.g. (这题是反例，考的居然是but之前的内容，不过这种情况很少出现的)A: I suppose youve bought some gifts for your family.B: Well, Ive bought a shirt for my father and two books for my sister. But Ive not decided what to buy for my mother. Probably some jewels.Question: Who did the man buy the book for?Answer: His sister.二. 场景题（1）每一类场景，常考出题思路-用于解题（2）线索词场景题选项特点：（1）介词结构in/at somewhere（2）To do开头的（问的是purpose目的）（3）Doing./ Theyre doing./Theyre .ing.（4）A and B（人之间的关系relationship） e.g. Students and teacher.场景题提问方式：（1）what (过去，现在，将来)（2）Where is the conversation taking place? / Where does the conversation take place?（3）When is the conversation taking place?（4）Who-where (location) 问人是谁，可以从他所在的地方来判断。各类场景（把各类场景容易出现的词给记住，选选项时往常考思路上靠）1.抱怨的作业：1）paper a.论文 b.=newspaper 报纸 c. document文件 d.纸张写论文的步骤：a.choose a topic选题area: The area is too board for me. 题目的范围太广了 narrow the topic down 把题目范围缩小b.do some research 做调查 （去图书馆library 做调查）c.type it out打印typewriter打字机，computer, lap top手提电脑， printer打印机， laser printer激光打印机， ribbon色带2) presentation口头演讲-oral form = speech = report = addressa.时间性 20分钟，一般演讲18-19分钟，留下几分钟时间别人发问b.正式着装-formal clotheschange（穿的衣服不合适就要换）You cant go like that. You need a change.你这样穿不行，要换一套衣服。 c.内心感受-nervous (演讲前心里很害怕)3) Reading assignment / list 阅读作业/清单Do you think the reading list is enormous? 你觉不觉要读的书太多了？4) ResearchFinancial Aid经济资助a. Tuition wavier学费减免b. RA-Researching Assistant助研 TA-Teaching Assistant 助教Fellowship奖学金2餐厅1）cafeteria学校饭堂：meal card/ticket饭卡/饭票，helping一人份2）restaurant: fancy高档的, menu菜谱, order, manager经理, waiter book/reserve预订 ，make a reservation预定上菜顺序：soup汤- main course主菜- salad沙拉（chef salad招牌沙拉）- dessert甜点 (pudding布丁, cheese , fruit)赞美人家做菜好吃：1）Even my mothers cant match this.即使我妈妈做的也比不上这个好吃。2）I took the last one and it was out of the world.（太好吃了以至于）我把最后一块也吃掉了。3）You wouldnt have to force me to help another one. 你不用叫我吃，我自己也会拿来吃的。3. 罚款 fine校内：library里面，书过期校外： break the traffic rules违反交通规则，go speeding超速各种费用：fare交通费（车费，船费）， fee杂费， tuition学费， tuition and fee学杂费，rent 房租， utilities水电费，rate 按比例收取的费用， post rate=postage邮资4.机场常考思路：1）票已售完2）接人（飞机）晚点3）送人伤感 see somebody off常见线索词：airplane, flight 航班, direct flight直航，transfer转机，seat-belt=safety belt安全带， first class头等舱， economy class经济舱，take off 起飞，land降落，circle 盘旋wing: a.建筑物的附属楼 b.飞机的翅膀 c.鸡翅terminal: a.终端(机房里面 Should I use this terminal?)b. =final station公交站最后一站c.候机大厅domestic terminal国内候机大厅，international terminal国际候机大厅5.交通常考思路：1）交通堵塞 traffic jam back up: a.作业堆积如山 b. 车辆很多 c. back somebody up支持某人2）交通违章-fine罚款 break the traffic rule违反交通规则, go speeding超速 3）晚点 behind schedule6.打电话 常考思路：1）约人约不到2）约会去不了sth comes up/ Id like to reschedule/ Could you fit me in (the doctors schedule)?3) 电话打不通（包括打错电话）线索词： run out of coins（在公共电话亭里）没钱了，cut off被迫断线，hang up主动挂断电话，receiver听筒，slot 电话上的小投币口，yellow pages黄页，dial拨电话，hook（以前旧式电话上面的）钩， operator接线员打电话步骤：Look up the number in the yellow pages.在黄页里查找电话。Drop the coins in the slot.把硬币投入投币口。Then dial the number you want it.然后拨打你所需要的电话。7医院常考思路：1）医生难找2）病情如何（getting better/worse）3）有病耽误课miss the class线索词：treat治疗（表过程）， cure治疗,治愈（表结果）infirmary / students help c