中考英语阅读科学园地.doc

第 篇 科学园地第 篇 科学园地材料114Robots seem very new to most people. But they have a long history. The first one was made by a Greek inventor. You may have seen robots in some films. The robots in these films are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. In real life, most robots are used in factories. They are used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. Some people cant look after themselves and robots are used to help them. For example, some people cant see. Many of these people use a dog to help themselves move around. This dog is called a guide dog. Scientists are making a robot to help them. In the future, robot dogs might take the place of these guide dogs.Robots are also used in American hospital. At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick peoples rooms. It never loses its way because it has a map of the hospital in its computer system 1. The first robot was invented by a Greek.2. Robots can only be seen in films.3. Robots can help some people look after themselves.4. Todays robots have quite a few different uses.5. A robot cooks meals for the sick people at an American hospital.Key: 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F材料2Why Is the Sea Salty?There is a lot of salt on the earth, and it mixes very well with water. There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt with them. Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stays in the ocean.The water in the oceans has more salt than river water. Ocean water is about 3.5% (three and a half percent) salt. Some seas have more salt than others.Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of the water leaves the lakes. It evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous lakes like this. They are the Dead Sea in the Middle East and Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much saltier than the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.1. Which of the following is known to be the saltiest?A. The Changjiang RiverB. The Pacific Ocean.C. The Dead sea.D. The water that evaporates.2. The oceans and some lakes are salty because _.A. much salt is carried to them by watersB. salt in them could not be carried awayC. water evaporates all the timeD. all above3. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A. All water has some salt in it.B. All salt can be mixed very well with water.C. All oceans are saltier than the rivers.D. All rivers carry a little salt into the sea.Key: 1.C 2.D 3.D材料3Since the beginning of the time, man has invented many interesting things.Some of these inventions, like numbers, the alphabet and the radio,have certainly changed history.Since 1946 .one of the most important inventions has been the computer.It has changed all our lives.The first computer was as large as a room,and quite difficult and slow to operate. But since the invention of the silicon “chp”, now computers have become smaller ,easier to use and faster.Some computers are as small as television sets. Simple computers are smaller than a book. And computers are getting smaller all the time.There are several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First ,it can store very, very large amounts of information in its memory chips .Secondly,the computer can operate very quicly-thousands of times faster than a human -and it wil never be tired. Thirdly ,modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios ,cars ,rockets ,airplanes and many kinds of machines. They can do thousands of tasks .Soon, almost everyone ,either at home or at work ,will use some kind of computer.The lives of all of us will be changed by this invention.1. The main idea of the passage is that_.A. numbers , alphabets and radios are important inventionsB. the computer will change our livesC. computers are getting smallerD. modern computer can be built into machines2. The first computer was_.A. as large as a television set, and difficult to repairB. as large as a room and difficult to makeC. very large and not easy to operateD. very large and not easy to test3. The computer has become smaller ,and easier to use since_was invented.A. the silicon chip B. the memory chip C. the electric cellD. the robot4. The silicon chip is_.A.a very small computerB. information stored in the computerC. like a television setD. an important but very small part of a computer5. The computer is very useful_.A. because it can store lots of informationB. because it can be operated quicklyC. because it can be built into other machinesD. for all the reasons aboveKey: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D材料4We are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know the history of the Internet?Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didnt work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way computer network system would keep on working all the time.At first the Internet was only used by the government, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” the Internet more convenient.Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mail is more and more popular among young people.The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life.1. From the passage we know _.A. internet has a very long history.B. internet has a history of about forty yearsC. internet can work without computersD. internet is a kind of computer2. Which statement is Not true?A. In modern internet, one computer breaks down, so will the others.B. New network system can make internet work well.C. Network can work well with software and hardware.D. We can send and receive information through internet.3. At first _ could use internet.A. hospitalsB. universitiesC. banksD. government4. Internet becomes more popular because _.A. computers are cheaperB. its easy and convenient to surf the internetC. people like it betterD. both A and B5. The last sentence tells us that _.A. e-mail is used on computersB. young people like internetC. its easier to get on-line than beforeD. more and more young people send and receive e-mailsKey: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.D材料5Fire can help people in many ways. But can also be very harmful. Fire can heat water warm your houses, give light, and cook food. But fire can burn things too. It can burn trees, houses, animals, or people. Sometimes big fires can burn forests.Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting, old stories about the first time a man or woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope and brought fire down.Today people know how to make a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can become a big fire very fast.Fires kill many people every year. So you must be careful with matches. You should also learn to put out fires. Fires need oxygen. Without oxygen they die. There is oxygen in the air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or in an emergency, with your coat or something else. This keeps the air away from a fire and kills it.Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will burn you. 1. Which is true?A. We are not sure how people started to use fire.B. It is an Australian who started a fire.C. We know how people began to use fire.D. Nobody knows how to make a fire.2. Children mustnt play with matches because _.A. matches burn paperB. it is not interestingC. matches can be dangerousD. they dont know how to make a fire with matches3. If you are going to put out a fire, you _.A. must be careful with matchesB. ought to know it can be harmfulC. have to cover it with water onlyD. should keep air away from it4. We must be careful with fire, or it _.A. can beB. warms our housesC. might burn usD. will help us5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Fire can help people in many ways.B. Fire can be both helpful and harmful.C. Fire can burn things and peopleD. We must be careful with matches.Key: 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B材料6A computer can do a great deal of work. The police use computers. They put into the computers memory all the information about crimes, criminals and traffic. The police can look at this computers information at any time.Scientists today must have computers for their calculations. A man can do an easy calculation in two or three minutes. But a computer can do even thousands of difficult calculations in two or three minutes.In some schools there is a computer classroom. Children can do their maths with computers. For example, the computer write questions on the screens in front of the children, and the children answer them on their keyboards.A computer can do almost everything! But it cannot do anything without man. People must check the programs and test them often on the computer. For example, some years ago the American spacecraft Mariner I, was going to Venus, but there was a mistake in one of the programs and this destroyed the spacecraft in only five minutes. It cost eighteen and a half million dollars!A computer can do everything, it can compose music, draw pictures, play chess, write poetry and it can sometimes find the right boy for the right girl.In the future we are going to use computers for almost every day. Or are computers going to begin to use us? Who is going to use whom? That is the question.点评区1. The police put _ into their computers.A. carsB. criminalsC. informationD. keyboard2. Scientists use computers because _.A. computers can do more and better calculationB. it is easy to press buttonsC. men can do calculations quicklyD. astronauts can not do their work without a computer3. In this article, the writer thought _.A. computer can be going to use man in the futureB. a computer can do everything without manC. people can use computers without any mistakesD. a computer is necessary for almost everyone in the worldKey: 1.C 2.A 3.A材料7 Some people have good memories. They can easily learn a long poem by heart. There are others who can only remember things when they have said aain and again.They famous English writer Charles Dickens said that he could walk down any street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many of the great men of the world have had wonderful memories.A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child. Some children like boys and girls dont live in their own country , and they seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one .In schools it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so little time for it and they are busy with other lessons ,too.A mans mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but of what to feel, hear , smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera , there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends .In the same way ,there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture for ever in our minds. Memory is the diary we all carry about with us.1. Some people are good at_.A. learning long poems B. remembering thingsC. taking photos D. keeping a diary2. Other people can only remember things by_.A. saying again and again B. hearing ,smelling and tastingC. learning a foreign language D. keeping a pitcture3. Charles Dickens _.A. didnt live in his own country B. had a very good cameraC. spoke two foreign languages as easily as EnglishD. had a very good memory4.A good memory helps you_.A. keep a picture for everB. tell others the name of every shop in London. C. learn a languageD. hear, smell and taste5.Rmembering things is rather like _.A. learning poems B. taking photosC. learning English D. feeling ,thingsKey:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B材料8Many young people can use the computer,but few of them know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use the computer.1.Keep your computer in a cool ,dry room .Too muh or too little heat is bad for computers. Damp is also bad for them . Most computers work best at a temperature of 5-10 degrees centigrade.2.Do not let people smoke cigarettes near your computer.Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of coputer and can cause many problems.3.Do not eat or drink when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water on the keyboard can also cause many problems.4.Make sure that the keyboard and screen are the correct height for you. If they are not correct ,you will get backache.5.Make sure the screen is the correct distance from your eyes.If you wear glasses make sure these glasses are correct for using with the computer .Some people use a different pair of glasses when they use a computer.6.Keep your screen clean and do not have it too bright .A dirty screen can hurt your eyes.A very bright creen can also be bad for your eyes. If you can afford one, buy a computer screen.It will be better for you than using the screen of a TV set.7.Never use any softwares that you dont know whether they are clean or not .You must be careful because some softwares can bring viruses into your computer. If your computer has viruses, it cant work or even break down.1.According to this passage most young people can control computers well while paying little attention to the keeping of them.2.Putting the keyboard and screen too high means you dot have to look at your manuscript(手稿) while typing.3.Some people use a different pair of glasses when they use a computer because they want to protect the computer.4.Its better to use a TV set screen instead of a computer one because a TV set is usually larger than a computer one.5.If your computer has viruses , you will fall ill.6.“Clean softwares”mean the softwares without any viruses with them.Key: 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T材料9How to Select a Home ComputerComputers are very versatile. They can do many things: teaching, playing games or helping with a business, so choosing a computer is not an easy simple job. But if you follow these steps, you will find it easier. First, decide on the main reasons why you want a computer. Is this computer very useful for you? Is it the most important reasons to play games or to help with your business or to help with your school work?Second, look carefully at the programs the computer can use. Some people also write their own programs. If you want to write your own, it is important to look at the computer language. Is it easy to