translation英语课文翻译手稿.doc

Presenting a speech （做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言language 状语顺序的调整。翻译方式中的语序调整；翻译过程中用词的变化。we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。 事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。Contrary to popular belief, language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。语序的调整。Good speakers have respect for language and know how it worksWork 本身具有noun & verb 双重词性，也具有多重含义。这就涉及到我们在翻译时如何根据上下文选择最准确的含义。. Words are the tools of a speakers craft. They have special uses, just like对比 comparison?or simile?英语中的修辞手法 the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you 泛指的代称，因此在翻译成中文的时候可以省略。在翻译技巧上成为减词法。下一段也会有这样的情况。在本文中这种泛称很常见。should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. 语序的调整。主语是using language 翻译时根据中文的习惯调整为演讲者Asas：和一样Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning.正反反表达法。反正 If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate.用定语从句来修饰words有强调的意思，所以翻译时加了一个一定。词性的转换adj _adv.演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你因为后面自己要译出来，所以这里的你最后不要省略在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by By by.by 排比修辞parallelismchoosing concrete words in preference toIn preference to:优先于Prefer sth to sthIn priority to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter.用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇翻译时要符合中文表达习惯 英语多长句 中文多短句；还有要减少口误。Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life这个句子本身也十分生动形象，翻译时也可以很灵活。“鲜活”！. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. 同位语 如何翻译 barrier!You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between 减词。避免重复翻译。things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”.生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，分句翻译可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和 as 这些连接词。Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial adj.最初的； 开始的； 首字母的n.首字母； 语音学声母； 特大的大写字母vt.用姓名的首字母签名constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, 状语语序的调整usually in parallel structure.我们还可以充分利用语言的节奏感使演讲更加生动活泼。具体有以下四种方式排比，反复，押头韵和对偶。排比是指把一组或一系列相关的字词句以相似结构排列起来。反复是指在连续几个从句或句子的开头或结尾处使用相同的词和词组。押头韵则是通过重复相邻之间单词首个辅音实现的。对偶通常是用平行的结构将相反的想法并列在一起。Using language appropriately means adapting to the particular occasion, audience, and topic at hand. It also means developing your own language style instead of trying to copy someone elses. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is much more likely to succeed.用语恰当意味着遣词造句要与特定的场合，观众以及谈论的话题相适应。这也意味着你得建立自己的语言风格，不能简单抄袭他人。如果使用的语言与各方面都很契合，那么演讲就更有可能取得成功。Good speeches are not composed of hot air Empty,meaningless talk 空话连篇and unfounded assertions. They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speakers point of view.In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the Make a difference: 紧要 Eg;It really makes a big difference.difference between a good speech and a poor one.The three basic types of supporting materials are examples,statistics and testimony.好的演讲不能是空话连篇，也不能是一些毫无根据的论断；而是需要有力的论据来支持演讲者的观点。事实上，能否有技巧地使用论据会造成演讲效果的天壤之别。论据有以下三种基本形式：例子，统计资料，引用。In the course of a speech you may use brief examplesspecific instances referred to in passingand sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression. Extended examplesoften called illustrations, narrations, or anecdotesare longer and more detailed.Hypothetical examples describe imagery situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience. All three kinds of examples help to clarify ideas, to reinforce ideas, or to personalize ideasRepetition?. To be more effective, thoughAdv 表转折, they should be vivid and richly textured.在演讲时可以简单举例即附带地提及几个具体的例子有时也需要接二连三举例来加深印象。延伸举例也叫解释、叙述或轶事更长更详尽。假设举例描述的是想象的情景，能够很好地把想法传达给观众。这三种不同的例子都有助于演讲者清晰地表达观点，强调观点并使之打上演讲者的烙印。当然，要想演讲效果更好，演讲本身必须生动且结构丰富！Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to The statistics are meaningful to them only when they are used sparingly and explained.即so在这里所表述的一种逻辑关系Sparingly:economically 节约地 here it is to say that dont use too many statistics.your audience. Above all, you should understand your statistics and use them fairly. Numbers can easily be manipulated and distorted操作误报、扭曲. Make sure that your figures are representative of what they claim to measure翻译时的词意的引申 容易造成歧义：1、该领域内所具有代表意义的数据，强调了代表意义2、 强调的是该领域的 不能张冠李戴大家可以做一种比较 哪一种翻译更好！,that you use statistical measures correctly, and that you take statistics only from reliable sources.统计资料非常有助于演讲者传递信息，因为当演讲者适量地运用这些资料并加以解释时，听众就能更好地理解其中的意义只要你适量引用这些数据资料并加以解释，让听众理解这些资料的意义。最重要的是，演讲者必须理解这些统计资料并恰当使用。数字很容易被篡改、误报，因此必须确保自己所使用的数据不是张冠李戴的；必须确保自己使用的统计措施是正确的；必须确保翻译与原文在结构上保持一致，词性语序做相关调整。自己的统计资料来源是可靠的。Testimony Testimony 本身的意思是证言 证据等。 但显然在这里，指的是引用别人的观点看法，在中文中这种引用很少被称为证言，因此个人认为可以做调整 译为引用可能更合适。is especially helpful for student speakers, because they are seldom recognized as expects on their speech topics. Citing the views of people（ who are experts） is a good way to make your ideas more credible. When you include testimony in a speech, you can either quote someone verbatim or paraphrase their words. As with statistics, there are guidelines for using testimony.Be sure to quote or paraphrase accurately and to cite qualified unbiased sources. If the source is not generally known to your audience, be certain to establish his or her credentials.引用他人观点看法对学生演讲者来说尤其有用，因为学生很少会被视有没有必要引申翻译成学生不权威？个人观点 没必要。为他们演讲相关主题方面的专家。引用专家的观点可以让你的想法更可信。引用的时候，既可以逐字摘抄也可以自己总结一下。和统计资料一样，引用也有原则可循引用摘抄准确，来源合格无偏见。如果观众对引用来源不太熟悉，一定要（想办法加词）取得他们的信任。The impact of a speech is strongly affected by how the speech is delivered. You cannot make a speech without having something to say. But having something to say is not enough.You must also know how to say it.Good delivery does not call attention to itself.It conveys the speakers ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience.状语的翻译处理 译成单独的分句演讲的效果如何很大程度上取决于演讲是怎么做的。无话可说做不好演讲，但要做好演讲，仅仅有话可说也是远远不够的，还要知道如何说话才行。好的演讲不是要唤起观众对演讲本身的注意，而是要向观众清晰有趣地传递演讲者的想法，同时还要有观众聚精会神地聆听。There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim美 vbetmadj.& adv.（完全）照字面的（地），逐字的（地）n.逐字翻译 from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with PowerPoint, an