unit7新视角研究生英语读说写2第七单元答案.doc

Unit 71. Reading Comprehension1. Americans love cyberspace, because America is a nation that loves to explore new frontiers and admires independence. And cyberspace is a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors, and is a new frontier that gives people an exciting sense of freedom.2. However, as cyberspace embraces people of all kindsdifferent ages, occupations, races, individual tastes, etc., there are worries whether all these people can get along, and whether porn on the Net will harm children.3. Both real estate and cyberspace are comprised of different districts and places serving different purposes and different groups of people. However, now most people dont recognize the difference between these different places, and direct all their attention to those morally bad places suitable only for criminal and porn fans. Therefore, they believe cyberspace is a nasty place that the government should regulate.4. The author holds that governmental regulation by laws wont work, and cyberspace communities need no government control but self-rule. The reasons are : (1) It is unconstitutional for the government to use censorship to counter indecency and other troubling speech; (2) Cyberspace is a voluntary destination where users can choose where to go and what to see. It is easy to avoid those nasty places.5. The three aspects of cyberspace are: (1) private e-mail conversation, which are like conversations over the telephone or voice mail; (2) information and entertainment services where people can download anything, which are like bookstores, malls and movie houses where customers go to buy something;(3) communities, which are like bars or restaurants or bathhouses where groups of people communicate among themselves. E-mail conversations require no regulation, as they are private and consensual. Information and entertainment services dont need regulation either, for customers need to request an item or sigh up for a subscription; stuff is not sent out to people who dont ask for it. Community services need regulationrules and moderatorsto keep out unwanted advertising, irrelevant discussions, and rude participants.6. The author discusses three characteristics of cyberspace communities. (1) The success of cyberspace communities is determined by rules, some of which are determined by the content supplier, and some of which concern prices and membership fees.(2) Cyberspace communities develop when people with like-minded interests band together, so every one of them has its own character. (3) Cyberspace communities of any size and kind may flourish, and people have the freedom to choose the cyberspace community they want to join.7. It is the third characteristics that makes cyberspace different from terrestrial ones. For one thing, in real estate, the tyranny of government forces everyone to live by the rule of the majority, squeezing out minority groups and minority preferences. However, cyberspace allows communities of any size and any kind to flourish. For another, in real estate, communities are forces on people by accidents of geography. Most people are stuck in the country where they are born. In contrast, cyberspace communities are chosen by the users. The rules in cyberspace have a moral rather than legal authority. If users do not like the rules of a given cyberspace community, they can leave it.8. New cyberspace communities in the future will be self-contained, catering to their own members inclinations without inferring with anyone elses. The rules governing these communities will evolve according to the relation between supply and demand in the market. Cyberspace explorers will need to define and identify their communities, and establish and accept their own local governments, without help from any terrestrial government.9. She concludes that society needs to understand that there are no solutions that are flawless and can meet all the different needs of different people, and that government regulation can not create a safe and peaceful world either. In cyberspace, although we wont have a perfect society, at least we can have the right to choose and be responsible for what materials we see.10. The title means cyberspace is a voluntary place which users can choose to visit or not to visit. Through it the author expresses the point of view that individual users instead of the government should be responsible for deciding what they see on the internet.II.Structure of the text1. Introduction (paras. 17)1) Background: American love cyberspace.Reasons: A. Americans love new frontiers and independence. B. Cyberspace is a new frontier that promises freedom. 2) Issue to be discussed: Can different kinds of people in cyberspace all get along? Or will fear of kids surfing for cyberporn provoke a crackdown? 3) Some citizens viewpoint: Government should regulate cyberspace. Reasons: Morally bad places make cyberspace sound like a nasty place, though cyberspace, similar to real estate, consists of different places that are for different purposes and different people. 4) Authors viewpoint : Regulation wont work. Cyberspace communities need no government control but self-rule. Reasons: A. It is unconstitutional for the government to use censorship to counter indecency and other troubling speech. B. Cyberspace is a voluntary destination where users can choose where to go and what to see. It is easy to avoid those nasty places.2. Body (paras. 816)1) Description of cyberspace (paras. 811)Aspects of CyberspaceTerrestrial CounterpartsMain CharacteristicsE-mail conversations Conversations over the telephone or voice mailThey are private and consensual and require no regulationInformation and entertainment services where people can download anything Bookstores, malls and movie houses where customers go to buy somethingStuff is not sent out to people who dont ask for it.Communitiesgroups of people who communicate among themselves Bars, restaurants or bathhouses Most of them impose rules and have a moderator2) Characteristics of cyberspace communities (paras. 1214)A. Rules determine the success of cyberspace communities.B. Cyberspace communities evolve when people with like-minded interests band together. Every community has its own character.C. Cyberspace allows communities of any size and kind to flourish. In cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography.3) Description of future cyberspace communities (paras. 15-16)A. New communities are self-contained, catering to their own members inclinations without interfering with anyone elses. Their governance evolves in a real market style.B. Explorers in cyberspace need to define and identify their communities, put in place and accept their own local government without help from terrestrial government.3.Conclusion (para.17)Our society needs to understand that there are no perfect answers, no all-purpose solutions, no government sanctioned safe havens. But at least we can have individual choice and individual responsibility.V. VocabularyA. 1. metaphor 2. intrusion 3. crackdown 4. lawsuit 5. subscription 6. wither 7jurisdiction 8. nasty 9.band 10. presideB. 1.A 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 B 10 DVI. Close1. discovered 2. caught 3.from 4.it 5. granted 6.read 7. access 8. was 9. who 10. secretly11. no 12. of 13. found 14.passed 15. to16. up 17.violations 18. as 19.concluding 20 wouldVIII. TranslationA. 1. Americans hanker after new frontiers where they can be free of any constraints and be themselves.2. What captures young people imagination is precisely the sense of freedom they get while surfing the Internet.3. Regardless of their race, culture and socioeconomic status, everyone can find a community of like minded people in cyberspace.4. Virtual communities prefer to set and enforce community standards by themselves rather than by the terrestrial government.5. Cyberspace is akin to the terrestrial world, which includes various places ranging from shopping malls, school districts to red-light zones.6. Only cyberspace communities that cater to the needs of their members will prosper.7. With the development of telecommunications technology, the union of the world into a global village is at hand.8. It is prevalent among Internet users to download