冠词与介词的用法讲解及练习.doc

冠词与介词的用法讲解一、冠词分类及其用法1.冠词的分类 不定冠词：a 和an冠词 定冠词: the 零冠词: 不使用冠词2. 不定冠词的用法（1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 A useful book an用在以元音音素开头的单词前An egg(2) 基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类 e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌(3) 泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物 e.g. I can see a kite. 我能看见一只风筝 A boy is in Grade 1. (4) 表示“数量”，“有一”“每一”的意思 e.g. We have six classes a day. 我们一天上六节课(5)表示 “同一”,相当于the same e.g The two boys are of _an_ age. Cotton of _a_ kind was stored together.(6)用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”. e.g That is _a_ green tea. They were caught in _a_ heavy rain. a pleasure / a success/ a failure(7)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个. e.g _A_ Mr. Li is asking to see you at the school gate. (8)否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/ an. a/ an+比较级 e.g. - What do you think of the film? - Oh, Ive never seen a worse one.3.定冠词的用法（1） 基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别 e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里（2） 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝） Open the door, please.请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门） （3） 在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时e.g. :I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝:Where is the kite?这个风筝在里？（4） 用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人” e.g. the Blacks 布来克一家（5） 用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前 e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth（6） 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only, very, same 前 e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二楼 Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动 (7)用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前 The Palace Museum (故宫) The Summer Palace （颐和园） (8)在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江/the Hudson River 哈得孙河/the West Lake 西湖 (9)用在表示乐器的名词之前 e.g. play the violin play the piano (10)用在一些习惯用语中 e.g. in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country 4.零冠词的用法（1）名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时。 e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen（2） 复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。 e.g. They are teachers. 他们是老师。（3） 在专有名词前 e.g. China England（4） 在星期、月份、带day的节日前 e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens Day /womans day 请区别：in the spring of 1945 (特指,加the ) （5） 三餐前不加冠词，但特指须加,有时也可以加a 表示一顿。 e.g. have supper What do you usually have for lunch? We had a really good dinner.(特指)（6） 在一些固定搭配中 e.g. at night, go to school ,at table ,by bike,at work,go to bed at school,at home, watch TV,play football/ basketball (7)表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、同位语或补足语时，常见名词有president, chairman, mayor, head, boss, secretary, leader, monitor等。 e.g. He was made monitor yesterday.(8) 表示交通工具的名词与by连用.当bike，car，taxi，bus，train，foot，ship等与介词by连用，表示一种交通手段是，不用the。 e.g.Did you come back by plane or by train? 注意：还有by water，by land，by sea，by air，on foot，On horse back 等。但take a bus，on the bike， in a boat等需加冠词。(9) 两个名词同指一个人或事物时,后面的名词前不用冠词. e.g The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.(10) 表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词 * in purple紫色 * in red * in English /Chinese *in Britain二、介词的用法1.时间介词in/ at/ on（1）介词in表示较长时间如：世纪、年代 、年份、月份、季节、上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法。e.g. in 1999 /in Winter/in the morning (2)介词at表示某一时间点如：钟点、年龄、中午/夜晚/子夜、就餐时间或其它的习惯用法。 e.g.at 2:30/at the age of 25/at midday/At dinner time (3)介词on表示某一天或者特定的时间如：星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的节日、有修饰上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法。2.地点介词in /on /at In 表示地点、场所、位置等在里面；在内部；在上：例句: in the room on 在表面上，在之上：例句: a glass on the desk at 表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间在(某地)，在里；在上； 在旁，接近，靠近(某处)：例句: at home 在家 at the office 在办公室 over 在的正上方,垂直上方，不接触表面 above 在上方，不强调是否垂直练习：1.Look! There is a bridge _the river. A. on B. over C. above2.Can you see the egg _ the plate? A. on B. at C. over3.We live _ a small bookstore. A. on B. over C. above5.The sun rose _the horizon(地平线). A. on B. above C. over 注意: on 接触平面 over 在平面的正上方 above 在上方 under 在正下方(是on, over的反义词) below 在下方,不强调垂直，是above的反义词6. The temperature will fall_ zero at night. A. below B. above C. over7.They were playing chess _ the tree. A. on B. above C. Under 注意：in front of 是在物体外部的前面 in the front of 是在物体内部的前面 e.g. There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前有个花园。 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 教室前有张桌子。3.运动介词through 从内部穿过 across 横穿 up 向上 down 向下over 越过 round 环绕 ,在周围 4. 方位介词 in/on/to.如果前者在后者的范围之内，则用in e.g. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国范围之内，所以用in. 如果前者不在后者范围之内，但是两者相邻/接壤，则用on e.g. Jiangxi lies on the east of Hunan. 江西并不在湖南范围之内，但是两省相邻，所以用on. 如果前者不在后者范围之内，而且也不相邻，则用to e.g. Jiangxi lies to the west of Shanghai. 江西不在上海范围之内，而且两地也不相邻，所以用to练习：1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2.Mongolia is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. To1、 单项选择题 1After _supper, he stayed at _ home and played _ violin(小提琴).Athe, /, theB/, /, the C/, the, /Da, the, the2Today is _Sunday. It is _ first day of _week.A/, a, the B/, the, a Cthe, a, / Da, /, the3The boys and girls often play _volleyball in _ afternoon.A/, an Bthe, an C/, the Da, the4_Changjiang River is _ longest in _ China, and one of _ longest rivers in _ world.AThe, the, /, /, the B/, the, /, the, / CThe, the, /, the, the D/, a, /, the, the5There is _orange tree behind _ house.Aan, theBa, a Cthe, the Dan, /6_Summer Palace is one of _ most beautiful parks in the world.AThe, / B/, the CThe, a DThe, the7I only stayed there for _, and then went to London.Aa hour and a half Ba hour and half Can hour and a half Dan hour and an half8_Greens go to England once _ year.AThe, a BThe, the CThe, / D/, a9Dont give up, you may try for _third time.AaBthe Can D/10The boy is _American. He comes from _ United States of _America.Aan, an, anBan, the, an C/, a, / Dan, the, /11_Greens are going to the park this Saturday.Why dont we go for _ walk?A/, a BA, a CThe, a DAn, /12We usually have a trip in _spring. But in _spring of 2002, we didnt.Athe, the B/, / C/, theDThe, /13_sun cant be seen at _ night.AA, a BA, / Cthe, aDThe, /14A friend of mine was in _ hospital. We went to _ hospital to see him.A/, /Bthe, the C/, the D/, a15Theres _“u”and _“s”in the word“US”.Aa, a Ba, an Can, an Dan, a16He is in _. We must help him.Athe dangerBdanger CtroublesDthe troubles17_elephant is much stronger than _ horse.AThe, theBA, an CAn, a DAn, /18You should learn English _step by _ step.A/, / Bthe, t