语法专题讲解及专项练习-情态动词.doc

高考英语语法专题讲解-情态动词 情态动词：can, could, may, might,must,ought to, shall, will,would, need ,dare1. 表示推测的情态动词1.1基本原则：1.1.2 对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done / been。1.1.3表示肯定推测的情态动词,按可能性由大到小依次为:must should / ought tomaymightcould。1.1.4否定推测，按语气由强到弱依次为： cant / couldnt（根本不可能）may not might not/could not(可能不)。 1.2 具体用法：1.2.1 must be表示推测，意为“一定是” 只用于肯定句中must have done意为“一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了” 并且有前文铺垫e.g. Listen! There must be some children in the room. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.1.2.2 should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生” e.g. It is nearly 7 oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. You shouldnt be texting in the class now. We are having a lesson.(should not 含有责备之意)1.2.3 can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，意为“有时候会”，并不牵涉是否真的会发生；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。 e.g. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometime. 1.2.4 may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。 e.g. Although this may sound like a simple task, great care is needed.2. 表达虚拟语气的情态动词 2.1 适用情况：对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，形式：情态动词+have done 2.2 具体用法： 2.2.1 should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。 e.g. You should have gone over your lesson yesterday. (In fact, you didnt go over your lesson yesterday.)2.2.2 could have done本来能够做某事但未做。 e.g. If you followed my advice, you could have finished it. 比较一下这一句： The road isnt wet. It couldnt/ cant have rained last night. (对过去的猜测)2.2.3 neednt have done: 本没有必要做某事但却做了。neednt do: 没有必要去做某事 (时间上应该是现在或将来)。 e.g. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You neednt have done it. I could manage it myself. You neednt do it. Ill do it later.2.2.4 would (not) have done:本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。 e.g. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he would have scored a goal.2.2.5 might have done:本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生的事。 e.g. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better.3.表达“情感、态度、语气”的情态动词 3.1 must: 表示主观的义务和必要,意为“必须”。用于：肯定句：You must finish it now. Yes, you must/have to.疑问句：Must I finish it now? No, you neednt/ dont. 条件句或疑问句: 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要” e.g. May I smoke here ?If you must, choose a seat in the smoking section. John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?3.2 mustnt: 表示禁止 e.g. When I was young, I was told that I mustnt play with matches3.3 should3.3.1表示责任和义务。e.g. According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.3.3.2在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示与将来事实相反的假设,意为“万一”。 e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.3.3.3表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外，译为“竟然”。e.g. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 3.4 shall3.4.1用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。 e.g Shall I carry it for you?3.4.2用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。e.g Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.You shant have my computer if you dont take care of it .3.4.3用于宣布法律、规定的要求。e.g.What does the sign over there read? “No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” 3.5 can3.5.1表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。e.g. How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?3.5.2表示请求或许可。e.g. Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. Can I go out and play with Tom for a while?No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. 3.5.3表达一般的或永久的能力。区别：be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。e.g. If it were not for the fact that she cant sing, I would invite her to the party. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 3.6 would3.6.1 will与would3.6.1.1表示意愿: will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。 e.g Go where you will. If you will allow me, I will see you home. (will可用于条件句中表意愿)He wouldnt help me yesterday. I wouldnt go. （would用于表现在的意愿时语气较委婉）3.6.1.2表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would的语气更委婉。 e.g. Wont you take off your coat? Would Sunday night suit you? 3.6.1.3. 表示习惯和倾向性:will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。e.g. Oil will float on water. This window wont open. When he was a child, he would often go skiing. Thats just like himhe would lose his keys! 他就是这样，老丢钥匙! (这里would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事)3.6.1.4. 表示推测：will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。e.g. Ask him. He will know. 他可能知道吧。You wouldnt know how much she loves him.你可能不知道Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。You will have heard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。I thought you would have finished it by now. (后接完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测)3.6.1.5. 表示执意或决心：will表示现在的执意和决心，would表示过去的执意和决心。e.g. “Tell me the secret.” “I wont.” 我才不会！He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。3.6.1.6. 其他用法will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。e.g. You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。Thats just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。3.6.2 would与虚拟条件句:有时用would，可视为是省略了包含有相关条件的虚拟语气。e.g. I might see her personally. It would be better. =It would be better if I saw her personally. 我可能亲自去看她，那样更好些。Shed be stupid not to accept.=She would be stupid if the didnt accept. 她不接受那才笨呢。3.6.3 would 与used to 表达过去的习惯性的动作或状态e.g. When he was there, he would / uesd to go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. 3.7 dare 与need 3.7.1 dare作为情态动词仅用于：否定句：He dare not go himself.一般疑问句: Dare you walk through the forest at night?条件状语从句: If the enemy dare enter the village, well fight against them.含有表示怀疑词的名词从句：I wonder how the dare say such things.3.7.2 need作为情态动词仅用于： 否定句：You neednt return your book now.一般疑问句：Need he go there yesterday? 表对过去的责备：need have/ havent done3.7.3 两者皆可作为实义动词。Answer:1.c 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.b 11.a 12.c 13.b 15.d 16.c 17.a 18.d 19.d20.c 21.b 22.b 23.c 24.c 25.d 26.a 27.a 28.a 29.a 30.b6【情态动词专项训练】1. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (NMET2007 江苏)A. should B. could C. must D. might2. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (NMET2007全国I)A. will B. would C. should D. must 4. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! （NMET2008浙江） A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt6. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. (NMET2008全国II) A. will B. can C. must D. may8. I cant find my purse anywhere. You _ have lost it while shopping. (NMET2008重庆) A. may B. can C. should D. would9.Im sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. （NMET2008江苏） A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutC. mustnt have shouted11. He _ fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 12.一What does the sign over there read?一“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area” 2007 四川卷）Awill Bmay CShall D. must13. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.（2008山东） A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed15. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. (全国卷)A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been16. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. (NMET2007上海春) A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt17. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell it for you? (NMET2006北京) A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might18. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. (NMET2008北京) A. might B. should C. could D. would 19.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.(NMET2007安徽) A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be 20. How _ they expect to learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching TV? A. can B. should C. might D. could21. Can you believe that he _ marry his young daughter to such an old man only because he is rich. A. would B. should C. must D. can22. May I use your car, Mom? Well, if you _.A. can B. must C. need D. should23. Seriously hurt as he was, he _ tell the pol