中式英语chinglish.ppt

Chinglish (中式英语）,控制理论与控制工程 贾路明,1,什么是中式英语？,Chinglish，即“中式英语“，也叫“中国式英语”。中式英语指带有中文词汇、语法、表达习惯的英语，是一种具有中国特色的语言。“中式英语”这个词语在英语里面被称为“Chinglish”，意思是汉语及英语组合而成的语言。,1.Four Happy Meatballs 被用为：四喜丸子 2.Undingable 顶不住了 3.Heart flower angry open. 心花怒放 4.Dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken, mouse“s son can make hole! 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞,比较常见的中式英语：,2,3,中式英语产生的原因:,1.文化差异Cultural difference 自由恋爱 free love free choice of marriage partner,2.不同的思维方式Different thought pattern The Chinese Team won the American Teem. 中国队战胜了美国队 The Chinese team beat the American Team. 中国队打败了美国队.,3.不同的习惯Different habitual usage 东北northeast 迟早- sooner or later 中式英语Welcome to use ATM service 正确：Thanks for using this ATM 中式英语Welcome to ride Line 52 Bus 正确： Thank you for riding Bus Line 52.,写作中中式英语的特点:,4,1.缀余 Unnecessary Words,EXAMPLE: 1.他的名字叫约翰。 A: His name is called John. B: His name is John 2.加快经济改革的步伐 A: to accelerate the pace of economic reform B: to accelerate economic reform,3.那时东北的形势仍然是敌强我弱。 A: at that time the situation in northeast China was still one where the enemy was stronger than the peoples forces B: at that time the enemy was still stronger than the peoples forces in northeast China “situation” 这是一个高危的词汇，基本上是一用就错的。 这个词在这里不仅是一点用处都没有，而且导致了后面必须用one where来补缺，而这个one where本身又是一个缀余,EXAMPLE:,EXAMPLE:,4.在将来的30到50年间，我们在经济上将达到经济发达国家的水平。 A: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the economically developed countries B: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the developed countries (通常情况下，“发达国家”已经意味着是经济上发达的国家，因此，没有必要再加上修饰语。),5.许多跨国公司已经在中国开始了各种商业活动。 A: Hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses in China B: Hundreds of transnational firms have started businesses in China various这个词是中式英语的又一典型多余修饰语。 类似的名词词组（“a series of” “all sorts of”, and “ various kinds of”) 在翻译中通常不必译出。在汉语中需要它们来表明复数，然而在英语中，只需以名词的复数形式出现。,EXAMPLE:,6.今年从外国进口的汽车急剧地下降。 A: imports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this year B: imports of automobiles have declined sharply this year 在这里foreign是个缀余，因为import的车不可能是domestic的,EXAMPLE:,2.同样意思的词汇，表述两次 Saying the same thing twice,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,EXAMPLE:,暂时性 temporary in nature 新发明 new invetion 互相合作 mutual cooperation “如果我们不成功，就有失败的危险。” “If we dont succeed,we run the risk of failure.”,重复的效果（Effect of repetition）: 如果所有的都按照字面直译到英语中，效果会被淡化。 太多的强调反而会失去了强调的效果。 “淡化效果”（deadening effect）: 这一问题经常出现在政治文件的英语版本中。所有的任务都是“艰巨的”（“arduous”），所有任务都是“强制”（“imperative”）执行的，不断地催促我们执行任务要“认真地”（“conscientiously”）,努力地（“diligently”），“坚决地”（“resolutely”），积极地（“energetically”，“vigorously”），“坚定不移地”（“unswervingly”），“坚持不懈地”（“persistently”），以及“不懈地”（“unremittingly”）。,在写作中，适量地用一些这类形容词是可以的，但是如果太多的话，这类的形容词和副词每重复一次，它所产生的效果就减弱一些。最后，就会变得毫无意义，让人觉得是在显摆自己的词汇。 We must arrive at the station on time and be punctual. 这种句型是我们相当熟悉的，on time 和 punctual,表达的是完全相同的意思。这样说出来的就有点显摆了。,3.不必要的范畴词,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,1.促进和平统一事业 A: promoting the cause of peaceful reunification B: promoting peaceful reunification 2.中国经济现在还处在落后状态。 A: Chinas economy is still in a state of backwardness. B: Chinas economy is still backward.,EXAMPLE:,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,4.错误的搭配 （Wrong Collocation）,EXAMPLE:,参加考试 A:take part in an examination B:take/sit for an exam 拥挤的交通 A:crowded traffic B:busy/heavy traffic 他们的思想还年轻 A:Their brain is still very young. B:They are still very immature,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,5.修辞不当,EXAMPLE:,A: With the reform and opening to the outside world, TV advertising is developing rapidly like bamboo shoots after spring rain. 事实是外国人比较钟情蘑菇而不是竹子 spring up like mushrooms B:With the reform and opening to the outside world, TV advertising is developing rapidly like mushrooms after spring rain.,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,6.语法错误Syntactic Error,EXAMPLE:,请再给我两小时。 A:Please allow me more two hours. B:Please give me another two hours. 和他结婚以后，她的麻烦就开始了。 A:After marrying him, her trouble began. B:After marrying him, she began to have troubles.,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,7.语义不明Ambiguous Reference,EXAMPLE:,A: The doctor handed the child to the father with a smile on his face.(ambiguous) B: With a smile on his face, the doctor handed the child to the father.( clear),8.语序不当Improper Word Order,A: Its estimated that our army will reach 5,500,000 next year. B: Its estimated that next year our army will reach 5,500,000. 第一种说法当然不能算是病句，但是把一个数字放在一个句子中间显然不如放在最后读的舒服一些,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,EXAMPLE:,4,写作中中式英语的特点:,我们的事业从胜利走向胜利. A：Our cause has won victories one after another. B：We have won one victory after another for our cause. 第一种说法，cause是不会自己won的 宗教不得干预