名词性从句全解及真题练习.doc

名词从句全解及真题练习名词性从句（基础篇）1 名词性从句连词：1) 连接词that, if, whether, as if/as though, because2) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which,whoever, whatever, whichever3) 连接副词：when, where, why, how, how many/much/long/soon/often, whenever, wherever二主语从句1. that引导的主语从句，只起连接作用That we must master English words as many as possible is very important.2. wh-引导的主语从句：连接承担句子成分（主、宾、表、定、状）What you are doing is very difficult.3. whether/if引导主语从句： whether引导主从既可放句首，也可放句中。 但if引导的主从只能放句中，前用it作形式主语Whether it is true remains a question. It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan.4. It + 谓语 + 主语从句1) it + be + 形容词 + that/ wh-从句It is certain that your son will do well in his exam.2) it + be + 名词 + that/ wh-从句It remains a question whether it is true.3) it + be + 过去分词 + that/ wh-从句It has not been decided who will perform the operation.4) it + 不及物动词 + that/ wh-从句It happened that I was not there that day.(注意：1) 3) 在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、义务、责任时，从句中的谓语要用“should + V 原形” )5. 主从应该注意的问题：1) 以下情况，真正主语that引导的从句不可和形式主语相替换 It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. （That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ） It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? if引导的主语从句，例如：Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?2) wh-引导的主语从句既可放句首也可放居末，但是what, whatever, whoever等引导的主从不用it作形式主语。例如：Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket.3) 下列两种情况中常用it作形式主语 主语从句是一个疑问句：Has is been decided where we will perform the experiment? 在“It does not matter + how, whether, if.”结构中It does not matter to me whether he is going there or not.4) 由what引导的主语从句以及谓语动词单复数问题主从中what 还可用于强调。what 引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但实际用单数还是复数取决于其含义。What we need is time.What I did was to turn off the radio.3 宾语从句宾从可以作谓语动词的宾语、介词的宾语、还可作非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，现在分词）的宾语。1) 作动词的宾语1 that引导宾从在口语和非正式情况下常省略I believe (that) you are telling the truth.2 在demand/insist/suggest.等表决定、要求、建议等动词之后，that从句常用“（should）+ V原形”The manager suggest that we should call of the plan.3 需要否定前置的情况：在assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think等表示“认为，猜想，估计”的意思时，其后的宾语从句如带否定意义，通常要否定前置。I dont think (that)he will succeed. (I think that he will not succeed.)4 此类动词如主语为第一人称，变为反义疑问句时，要看宾从中的谓语动词。I dont believe she knows it, does she? I dont think he was happy, was he ?5 如果宾从后跟有补语， 常用it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语从句放到补语后。I think it important that young people master two languages.6 在hope, believe, suppose, guess, think, be afraid等动词后面，可用so代替上面个提到的一个从句。如：-Do you believe that we can get a rise in pay?-I hope so.7 宾从都要用陈述语气. 2) 作介词的宾语1 介词后面可以跟whether和wh-引导的从句:She laughed at what we said.2 that通常不能跟在介词后作宾语，但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后做介词的真正宾语。You may depend on it that he will join the club【注意】在in that. / except that. / but that. / besides that.结构视为固定搭配。3 if 和whether在引导宾从时可以互换。但介词后宾从只能用whether。不可用if。It is a question of whether we should go.(不可用if)3) 作非谓语动词的宾语 作不定式的宾语：It is hard to say how long the operation will last. 作动名词宾语：On learning that Mr. Wang was seriously ill, the doctor went to see him at once. 作分词的宾语：Knowing that the patient was very weak, the nurse saw him home.4) 作形容词的宾语某些表感情色彩或表动态的形容词和分词（如：afraid, amazed, annoyed, anxious, aware, certain, confident, conscious, disappointed, doubtful, glad, pleased, sure, surprised等）作表语时， 后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词从句。如：She was afraid that she would lose face. Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year.5) 宾从时态一致问题：1 主句为现在时态，从句时态可根据实际情况需要而定。I know he lived in a city four years ago.2 主句用过去范畴内的时态，从句中一定要用过去范畴的时态。He said he had seen the film.3 宾从若叙述真理，不受主句时态影响，沿用一般现在时。My father told me that the sun rises in the east.6) 宾从的连接：1 宾从时陈述句时，用that引导2 宾从是一般疑问句时，用whether、if连接。（句尾标点符号取决于主句）He asks me if /whether you are a student. Do you know if he is a student?3 宾从时特殊疑问句时，连接词=原来的疑问词。但一定要变成陈述语气。4 表语从句常用的关联词同主语从句。此外还可用as if/ if来引导。1) that不能省略。2) wh-引导的表语从句时，无疑问意义，而是分别表示具体的地点，时间，原因和方式。This is what I want. Their difficultly is where they can raise enough money.3) as if, as though, because, as, just as也可引导表从It looks as if we will be late.4) 引导表从可用whether，不用if（注意与as if区别）。5 同位语从句主句中有些名词词义比较抽象，如belief, conclusion, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, possibility, though等，它们往往需要用从句来具体说明这一名词的实际内容或对该名词作进一步解释。这些从句叫做同位语从句。I had no idea that you were here.1) 引导同位从一般用that，不可省略。2) 可以用连接代词、连接副词如：who, why, how, whether等引导。The question who should do the job requires consideration.3) 常后跟同位从的名词还有：answer, excuse, fear, hope, suggestion, understanding, opinion, news.名词性从句 （提高篇）1 whether和if以下几种情况中, 只能用whether:1. 强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。如：Let me know whether you can come or not.2. 宾语从句前置时。如：Whether this is true, I cant say.3. 引导表语、同位语从句时。如：The question is whether he can do it. （表语从句）The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. （同位语从句）4. 在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如：Whether to go or stay is still a question.5. 在discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时。如：We discussed whether we should go there by plane.【注意】：whether可引导让步状语从句，是不管；无论 之意：I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.2 that在名从中是否省略1. 宾从中的that在口语中常省略。但在下列情况中要保留。1） 非常规语序中：a.主句和宾从被插入的状语或插入语分割开：状语前置分割:she said last night that she did some reading.插入语分割:I dont doubt, in any case, that we will win.b.宾语从句提前时: That Bob was frightened, I cant believe.2） 句子冗长时：a. 多个宾从:当引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第二个或第二个一回事那个的宾语从句中的that不可省略。She said Lesson2 was important and that she should learn it well.(若省略that，后一个从句则可能与上句she said并列)b.从句套从句：宾语从句中含有主从复合句，that要保留。She promised me that if I worked hard from then on , they would buy me a computer.3） 固定用法中：a. 简短答句时: What do you assume from his attitude? That he was frightened.b.使用形式宾语it代替that所引导的宾从时：I found it quite a surprise that everybody in that city has a car.2. 引导主语从句的that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语时，that可以省略。试比较下面两句：That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. It is known to all the earth moves around the sun.3. 引导表语从句的that一般不省略。The reason why he studied well is that he is always hardworking.4. 引导同位语从句的that（尤其是说明主语的同位语）不可省略。The news that our team had won excited everyone.3 双重疑问句（复杂疑问句）（注意与I think /I believe，they say/we expect插入语区分）“疑问词+do you think+从句主语+谓语+其余部分”常用来征询对某一个问题的看法、认识、推测、判断、希望等，常用的动词的是：think, believe, suppose, imagine, say, hope等。这种双重问句的主句属于特殊疑问句型，宾语由宾语从句充当，但宾从没有引导词。主句的特殊疑问词在逻辑上应该是宾语从句的一部分。如: Why do you think he is upset? Who do you guess let out the dog?注意：这种双重疑问句的回答不用Yes或No，而是当特殊疑问句来回答。如: Whom do you think he will go for walk with?He will go with Marry. What do you think he is ?I think he is a teacher./ A teacher.4 名词性从句与what1. what结构的使用用what引导的名词性从句在使用和理解上有两种情况。1） what用作疑问词性质的连接代词，相当于“什么、什么样的”It is not yet pretty well understood what made the rainforest disappear year by year. 2) what当关系代词性质的连接代词用，相当于the thing(s) that/ which 或all that。意为“所的，所的事情”等，具体用法如下：what的含义例句“所的东西或事情”l Theyve done what they can to help her. l He saves what he earns.l What Mary is is the secretary.“所的人或的样子” He is no longer what he was. He is what is generally called a traitor. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?“所的数量或数目”n Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. n The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.“所的时间” After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.“所的地方”u This is what they call Salt Lake City.u In 1492 Columbus reached what is now called America. 【注意】：这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误：You can have everything what you like.有时what可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词,表示“all that.(所有的都)”：I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。What后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不用单数可数名词：误:I gave him what book I had. （books）What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：I spent what time I had with her.我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。I spent what little time I had with her.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。3） whatever引导的从句在使用时也有两种情况。引导名词性从句，相当于“anything that.”I shall accept whatever you buy for me.引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter that.”Whatever you do, you must try your best to do it well.2. what引导的一种独特的名词性从句1） 结构：what引导的插入语+名词。2） 作用：用于表示a)对某事物的看法/态度b).不肯定/无把握及不确定的人/物。c)对后面的名词的解释或强调3） 常见表达形式为：What one call或what is called What sb know as、what is known as、what is regarded asWhat seem 或appear (to sb )(to be) What sb think What seem/look like What might be/ have been What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.In the gloom he saw what could have been a fox running.注意：what引导的插入语后面的名从起解释的作用。省略它，主句仍然完整。从意义上看，可将它视为定语，即：句子作前置定语，修饰后面的名词。3. what, whatever, who, whoever等引导的名从的异同whatever=anything that(无论什么)whoever=anyone that（无论谁）whenever=any time = no matter when（无论何时）wherever=any place = no matter where（无论何地）以上四个都是泛指。而what, who, when, when则是特指。Who spoke at the meeting is unknown.(The person who spoke at the meeting is known.)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.(Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.)注意：wh-ever不用形式主语it替代。（见基础篇讲义）分开写的who ever 或what ever用于疑问句中表惊奇、愤怒等强烈感情。Who ever (=on earth) told you that?whoever的宾格也用whoever，一般不用whomever。4. that与what引导的从句的异同相同点：都用来引导名词性从句。不同点有二：1） 引导名词性从句时，that不作句子成分，也无意义，只起连接句子的作用。what则可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语，且保持原疑问词的意义或表示“所的事情”“所的东西”等。After years of hard work , she was made what she was.(what引导的从句作宾语补足语，此时不用that )2）glad/sorry/afraid/happy/angry 等形容词后可直接跟that引导的从句，原与形容词搭配的介词省略不用。what从句如果放在这些形容词后，形容词后介词要保留，不可省略。He was very angry that some of the students was absent.I am very pleased with what they had said.五感叹句形式的名词性从句主从、表从、宾从有时候是以感叹句形式出现在句中。You never thought what a wonderful time we had at the party.You cant imagine what difficulty/how difficult I had finding this shop.What an interesting role she played in the film attracted the audiences interest. 六含有it的一种独特的名词性从句有些动词也有it做形式宾语的情况。如take, have, owe(认为),see to（留心，照顾）, depend on等。You may depend on it that they will help you.你可以放心他们会帮助你的。Would you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water?你负责保证村民们有干净的饮水，好吗？Rumour has it that we will have a new manager soon.据说我们不久就会有一位新经理。I put it to you that you are the only person who has a motive for the crime.我让你明白你是唯一具有犯罪动机的人。I take it that you wont be coming to Sophies party.我想你不会去参加索菲亚家的聚会。Are we to take it that you refuse to cooperate?我们是否可以认为你拒绝合作。5 辨别that引导的从句类型辨别that引导的是定语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或强调结构，可用“成分法”、“试加法”、“试减法”、“还原法”。1） 成分法定语从句分析that从句的句子成分，如that在从句从当主语或宾语，则此从句为定语从句。You must do everything that I do.2） 试加法同位语从句在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使该名次和从句构成一个新的句子。如果句子通顺，合乎逻辑，那么该从句就是同位语从句。We heard the news that our team had won.3） 还原法主语从句把that引导的从句调到句首，去掉句首的it，检查整个复合句是否通顺、合乎逻辑且新句子的意思不变。如果句子意思不变，则该从句为主语从句。Its a rule that he gets yo t six oclock every morning.4） 试减法强调结构去掉句中的“It be.that.”框架，如果句子剩下的部分（可调整成分的位置）意思通顺，合乎逻辑，则该句是强调句式。It was the goats eyes that he had seen yesterday.试判断下列各句中的that从句类型：Its clear that he has finished his homework.(主从)It is you that are wrong.(强调结构)The fact that he had not said anything surprised us.(同从) A play is a machine that can fly.(定从)历年高考真题：（附答案）1. _ you have done might do harm to other people. (87) A. That B. What C. Which D. This2. They have no idea at all _. ( 87 ) A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he had gone3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (88)A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. (88) A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed5. These photographs will show you _. (89) A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? (90) A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put7. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (91) A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. (92)A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. (92) A. which B. that C. if D. for10. _ you dont like him is none of my business. (92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether11. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (93)A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter12. He asked _ for the violin. (93) A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid13. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. (94) A. how B. when C. that D. if14. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. (95) A. There B. This C. That D. It15. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. (95) A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who16. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. (96) A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what17. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (96) A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where18. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. (97) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever19. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. (98) A. What B. That C. How D. Where20. It was a matter of _ would take the position. (98) A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever21. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (99) A. why B. when C. what D. where22. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (99) A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever23. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (00) A. that B. which C. whichever D. whatever24. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (00) A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that25. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (01) A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. (01) A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the money exactly _ he wants. ( 2002上海 ) A. what B. which C. when D. that28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. ( 2003上海 ) A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving29. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003 北京春季) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) A. that B. as C. why D. when31. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. (04 湖南) A. which B. why C. what D. how32. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 ) A. what B. which C. that D. where33. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04广东 ) A. that B. how C. such D. so34. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike. (04) A. why B. whether C. when D. how35. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (04上海)A. where B. what C. that D. how36. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (04上海) A. when B. where C. what D. that37. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04上海春季) A. as B. which C. what D. that38. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether39. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. （05 北京） A. why B. what C. who D. that40. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. （05 浙江） A. who B. that C. as D. which41. The way he did it was different _ we were used to. (05 江西) A