新目标英语七年级上期末语法复习.doc

一 代词 (pron.) 第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数第三人称 单数(三单）第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词我你 / 你们他她它我们他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我 的你的/ 你们的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir二. 名词的格：(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ；如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s : childrens shoese) 并列名词中，如果把 s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加s Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China三、名词的数A. 单数名词-前有a/an、the或物主代词，如：a book、the book、his book1)规则变化1、一般情况，可数加s：bags 2、以s、sh、x、ch结尾，加es：boxes 3、以 f、fe、结尾，把f、fe改为v加es：shelfshelves 4、以辅音+y结尾，把y改为i,加es：babybabies 5、以o结尾，复数加es：tomatoes、patotoes或加s：pianos、photos2)不规则变化1、单复数词形：sheep、Chinese、Japanese 2、复数名词：clothes、people、police 3、特殊变化：manmen，womanwomen childchildren， footfeet toothteeth，woman-women .前面可用many（许多）、a lot of/lots of（许多）、some（一些）、a few （一 点）how many +可数复数B.不可数1、没有复数形式 2、前不加a/an、数字、many、a few，后不加s 3、前可以加some、any、a lot of/much、a little 4、表数量,用量词加of词组：a cup of ice cream，two cups of ice cream 5、学过的有：broccoli、food、dessert、orange、ice cream、salad、chicken、fruit、soccer、 tennis、ping-pong、breakfast、lunch、dinner、work、homework、time、Chinese、English四冠词1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an ： a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour/an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / （2）定冠词：the ： the egg the piano2. 用法:定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.（4）在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.（5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况：（1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等。如：This is my baseball.（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.（6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mrs Li.（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus五.时态复习一、一般现在时1、Be 动词的一般现在时动词要根据句中主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is , aream跟在I后面, is 跟单数主语，are跟复数主语及单数You后面。如：I am a teacher.My brother is at school.Lucy and Lily are in Class One, Grade Two.You are a good boy.2、 实义动词的一般现在时一个动作经常反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数(he, she , it, Tom等)作主语，谓语动词要加 或 ，这种动词形式简称为单三动，记住：单三人称单三动，其它人称用原型。如：They get up at six oclock. He goes to school at seven- thirty .附：动词第三人称单数的构成规则 1）一般情况下加s getgets like-likes 2）以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es: watch-watches go-goes do-does 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，加es carry-carries特殊： have-has ,be-is二、情态动词can 情态动词(can, may, must )后动词用原形。如：I can play the guitar.He can play the violin.三、几个动词的用法：1、let后用动词原形 Lets play soccer.2、like及介词后动词用ing形式， 如：be good at swimming, help kids with singing, like playing basketball, What about playing tennis?3、want加 to 再加原形 want to go to a movie,want to be an actor4、help +人+动词原形 help+sb.+with sth /doing sth.六.句型复习 句型结构1、肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+ 主语+can+动词原形+ 行为动词原形 主语+ +其他 行为动词三单形式2、否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+ 主语+cant+动词原形+ 主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形+3、一般问句1be(am/is/are)+主语+？ Yes,+主语+ be No,+主语+be not. 2Can+主语+动词原形+？ Yes,主语+can No,主语+cant 3Do/Does+主语+动词原形+？ Yes,主语+do/does No,主语+dont/doesnt4、特殊疑问句：1 疑问词+be+主语+？ 主语+be+2 疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+？主语+can+动词原形3 疑问句+do(does)+主语+动词原形+？4疑问句：who/how/how old/how much/where/when/why/what/what/what kind ofwhat time/what subjecttell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 try to do sth.试图做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.帮某人做某事 be busy with sth.忙于某事 spend money/time on(doing) sth.花费金钱/时间去做某事 hope to do sth./hope(that)希望 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 take sb. some time/money to do sth.做某事花费某人时间/金钱 sb. pay(s) money for sth.某人在某物上花费金钱 sth. cost(s) sb. some money某人在某物上花费金钱 like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事 see/hear sb. do/doing sth.看见/听到某人干过/在干某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 get sth. for sb.为某人弄到某物 would like to do sth 想要做某事 enjoy doing sth 享受做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 make sb do sth 使得某人做某事 let sb do st