孙中秋-托福阅读推断题难题解析.docx

小马过河国际教育 孙中秋-托福阅读推断题难题解析对于推断题，相信大家都不陌生。几乎在每篇托福阅读文章中都会出现，有的文章甚至会出现2-3道，而且从托福考试的趋势来看，问题问得越来越绕了，而且干扰选项也越来越具迷惑性，逻辑方向的考察也会有增无减。今天给大家分享一种推断题的形式，它不像之前考查的比较容易出推断题的地方，比如说如果文章提到结果，很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较，很可能问你比较的基础;或者是对一些时间地点中比较就可以得出答案。这种题型考查的主要是对于次要信息的推理。Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stabilityjust the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a childs tricycle.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?They become less stable as they mature.They support many species when they reach climax.They are found in temperate zones.They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.首先我们看到这道题的时候，我们用redwood forests 定位，发现文章中在说一个红树林的例子，首先想到就是找它前面的观点句，At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community.至少在温带地区，最大的物种多样性经常出现在中演替时期，而不是顶级群落。在我们对这句话进行推理的时候，我们会优先想到和文章主旨密切相关的多样性和稳定的关系的推断。但是当我们看到A选项和我们文中例子相悖，B选项说的点似乎和文章并没有直接关系之后。C却是对red forests 地点的一个推断，很容易被我们忽视，然而呢，这个选项恰恰是正确的。原文先说了一个在温带地区的principle,而后举了red forests 这个例子，当然可以推断出红树林是出现在温带地区了。所以在做这样题的时候，不要用自己的死脑筋去推断，当和你自己想的不一样的时候就认为题出的有问题。当一条路走不通的时候，可以在选项中获得灵感，看看原文中次要信息是否也能够推断出东西来。我们再举一个例子：Paragraph 6: Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediationdoes not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposescan be faster to implementis equally friendly to the environmentis less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time同样做这道题的时候，首先我们应该找 “phytoremediation”和 “standard practices”定位文中它们相比较的内容。而找到这句话我们进行分析之后发现它主要是对 “植物修复法”和 “传统方法”进行了一个价格的比较，植物修复法比较便宜(at a cost much lower)，然而我们对选项进行对比发现四个选项中根本都没有对价钱的描述。但是我们发现B，D选项都提到了速度问题