上海词汇归类复习.doc

英语词汇归类复习法一、从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关。比如动词：1.宾语不同，意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有：go on doing（继续干同一件事） go on to do（接着去干另一件事）stop doing sth.（停止正在干的事） stop to do sth.（停下来去干某事）regret doing（后悔干了某事） regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）forget/remember doing（忘记记得已做过的事） forget/remember to do（忘记记得要干的事）mean doing（意味着干） mean to do（想干）try doing（尝试做） try to do（设法做）2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时，宾补要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.（宾语）We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补）3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式（要用被动形式），可接动名词（要用主动形式表被动意义），可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如（85高考）This sentence needs_. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如：（89高考）She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如：（92高考）I would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling（87高考）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch6.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：表感观的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear（这些词用形容词作表语）表变化的系动词：become,get,grow, go, turn, 该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay可带名词作表语的系动词：be,become,prove,remain7.含被动意味的动词有些动词，如sell,close,wash,burn,measure,cut,read, write,tear,wear,let（出租）等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连 用时，要用主动形式表被动意义：（97高考）Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考测时极易弄混。如：hang,hanged,hanged（绞死）hang,hung,hung（挂起）light,lit,lit（点燃，作谓语）light,lighted,lighted（过去分词作形容词用时，意谓燃烧着的，作定语）drink,drank,drunk/drunken（喝，饮；过去分词作形容词同时，意谓醉的，drunk多作表语，drunke n多作定语）sink,sank,sunk/sunken（下沉；过去分词sunken作形容词用时，作定语）bear,bore,born（出生）bear,bore,borne（结果；生育）eg. The woman, who was born in 1940,has borne five children. lie（撒谎）, lied, lied, lying; lie（躺，卧，位于），lay, lain, lyingeg.（89高考）Do you know the boy_under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇，过习语关1.常用的搭配活跃的动词: 1. add to增加，增进 add to把加进 add up相加 add up to总计 1) I dont think these facts will _ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been _ the library. 3) The music _ our enjoyment of the film. 4) You must have made a mistake when you _ the bill _. ( addto, add up to, add to, addup )2. break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开 break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片 break out爆发 break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring down使下降，使倒下 1) The shopkeeper brought his price _ to only five dollars. 2) Do you know what brought _ this misunderstanding? 3) The kind old man agreed to bring _ the young orphan.( down, about, up)4. call on号召，拜访（某人） call at拜访、参观（某地） call off取消，不举行5. come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来 come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临/ 快点 come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是 come across偶然碰到 come from来自，源自 1) I come _ an old friend in the bar at the corner last night. 2) Come _ now, or else we shall be late. 3) The word came _ use many years ago. 4)The bill came _ over a thousand dollars. ( on, across, into, to)6. cut down砍倒，削减 cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 cut in插嘴 1) Dont cut _ this tree. It will be very shady in summer. 2) You must cut _ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness. 3) The electricity was cut _ when the lady refused to pay the bill. 4) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut _.（in, off, down, down）7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因） die from死于（意外事故、情形） die away渐渐消逝 die out绝种8. fall behind落后 fall over ones feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加 go over复习，检查 go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go against违反 go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 go away离开 go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 go on(with)继续进行 go with相配，陪同 go without没有，缺少 go out外出，熄灭 go all out全力以赴 go beyond超出 1) Lets continue our journey until the sun goes _. 2) His actions went _ the will of the people, 3) I cant do it, for it goes _ my duty. 4) This tie doesnt go _ my blue shirt. 5) If you think you can solve the problem, go _. 6) Many students went _ playing basketball. (against, in for, beyond, down, ahead, with ) 10. get down下来，记下，使沮丧get down to致力于，专心于 get off脱下,下车get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床 get into (trouble) get to (know) get back取回，收回 1) She spoke so fast that I couldnt get _ what he said. 2) We will find ways to get _ difficulties. 3) After a delicious meal the two men got _ to business. 4) It took me a long time to get _ such an unpleasant experience. (down, down, over, over)11. give away赠送，泄露，出卖 give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布 give off发出（光、热、气体） give up放弃，让（座位） 1) Who will help me to give the books _? 2) His accent at last gave him _. 3) After a long walk, my strength gave _.4) The liquid gave _ a strong smell. (away, off, out, out)12. hand in交上，提交 hand out分发 hand down流传，遗传13. hang about闲逛 hang up挂电话14. hold back阻止，隐瞒 hold up举起，使停顿 hold on别挂电话，等，坚持 1) Im sure he is holding something _. 2) Tell him to hold _ a moment. Ill come soon. 3) The train was held _ as a result of the floods. (on, up, back)15. keep up with跟上 keep off (grass)不接近，离开 keep away from避开，不接近，离远远的 keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守 keep on继续，坚持下来keep from克制，阻止 1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep _ from her. 2) Only pride kept her _ bursting into tears. 3) I can scarcely keep _ asking him what he has done. 4) Always try to keep _ the rules when you play a game. 5) I cant keep _ with everything youre doing. (on, away, to, from, up) 16. knock at/on敲 knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒17. leave for离开前往leave behind遗留,忘记拿走 leave to留给，遗嘱赠于18. look up查找，向上看 look through翻阅，浏览 look onas看作 look into调查 look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找 look out(for)当心 look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回忆，回顾look ab in the face/eyes直视某人 1) Look _! There is a big hole in front. 2) The old man looked _ upon the days of his youth. 3) She was so snobbish（势利）that she looked _ upon all his neighbours. 4) The police promised to look _ the case as soon as possible. 5) He looked _ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing. (back, down, out, into, about/around)19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成 make up for弥补 make into / of / from 制成 make out弄懂，辨认，看出,填写，开列（清单） 1) Can you make this length of cloth _ a suit? 2) He tried hard to make _ forthe damage he had done. 3) He made _ a story, which I found hard to believe. 4) Someone is coming, but I cant make _ who it is. (up, up, into, out)20. pass away去世 pass by经过 pass down(on)to传给21. pay back还钱，报复 pay for付钱，为受到惩罚，因得到报应 pay off还清 1) How much did you pay _ the dictionary? 2) Ill pay him _ for all his crimes(罪行) against me. 3) Some day, youll pay _ what you have done today. 4) Has she paid _ the debt yet? （for, for, back, off）22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，自然习得(language/knowledge)，pick out挑选，辨认，看出 1) I picked the information _ while waiting in the queue. 2) My friend has arranged to pick me _ at 6:00. 3) She picked _ the most expensive pair of shoes. 4) I cant pick John _ in the crowd. (up, up, out, out, )23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出，扑灭 put off推迟put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前 put through 接通电话 put aside放到一边 1) He put _ an excellent suggestion at the meeting. 2) The big fire was finally put _ after 2 days. 3). Please put me _ to Extension（分机）2. 4) He is very proud, and he often put _ airs.（摆架子） 5) I cant put _ with your laziness. (out, through, forward, on, up)25. run after追逐，追捕 run away逃跑run for竞选 run into偶然碰到 run out of用完 1) I ran _ a friend of mine in the exhibition. 2) Our water has run _. Can you fill up some more bottles? 3) Why do you always run _ adventure? 4) He didnt want to run _ president that year. ( into, after, for, out, )26. see off送行 see through看透，识破 27. send for派人去请 send out发出（光亮）等28. set up建立 set off出发，触发，引起 set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述 set about开始着手(doing) set back拨回，使推迟 1) I shall set my watch _ by five minutes. 2) We set _ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang. 3) We set _ at daybreak yesterday and weve been travelling ever since then. 4) I set _ to advise him not to drink. 5) The president set _ a special group of soldiers to guard him. (up, about, back, off, out)29. take off脱掉，起飞 take on呈现 雇佣 take away拿走take in吸收，领会 take up从事，占用（时间空间）take back收回 take over接管 1) I take _ all I said about his dishonesty. 2) I can see that most of you have taken _ everything that the teacher taught. 3) Bill has now taken _ his fathers business. 4) My job takes _ most of my time. (over, back, in, up) take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想当然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以 为自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do轮流做, take office就职30. think of想起 think ofas把看作 think out想出 think about考虑 think over仔细考虑 think well of sb. 对某人看法好32. turn off / on打开 turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转 turn out证明为，结果，制造成品 turn to转向，求助 turn down调低，拒绝 turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大 turn in上缴 turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟 1) The child turned _ its mother for comfort. 2) The English evening party turned _ a great success. 3) The army turned him _ on account of (因为) his poor health. 4) She turned the whole house _ in her search for her missing purse. 5) Where did your purse turn _? I found it in the snow. (down, to, upside down, out, up)2.动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同，但用法不同，有的表示某个动作，而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果，这类动词常见的有：look for（寻找），find（找到）；look（看），see（看见）；listen（听），hear（听到）；try（试 图，不说明是否成功），manage（设法，侧重做到）；advise（劝告，不说明是否劝成），persuade（劝服， 侧重劝成功）3.词序不同、意思就不同 常见的有：before long（不久以后），long before（很久以前）turn in（上交；就寝），in turn（按次序，轮流）hand in（上交），in hand（在手边）from far（来自远方），far from（离得远；远非）much too（非常，修饰形容词或副词），too much（太多，修饰名词，也可作名词）if only（要是），only if（只有）all in（精疲力尽），in all（总共）good for（对有好处），for good（永远）Before long,he moved to London and made London the base for his revolutionary work.It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Aus trians out of their homeland.4.动词后有无介词，意思不同 常见的如：search（对人、物或场所搜查），search for（搜寻人、物或场所）leave（离开某地），leave for（去某地）reach（到达；拿到），reach for（伸手去拿）prepare（准备），prepare for（为作准备）enter（进入），enter for（报名参加）run（经营；跑），run for（竞选）stand（站；忍受），stand for（代表）answer（回答）,answer for（负责）know（了解，知道）,know about（知道关于）pay（付钱、债给某人）,pay for（付钱买某物）The baby reached for the apple but he couldnt reach it.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果，但够不到。The mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。5.词义辨析 a. normal, ordinary, common, usual, regularb. besides, except, except for, except thatc. live, alive, living, lively d. create, invent, discover e. injure, hurt, damage, harmf. energy, power, force, strength g. beat, strike, hit三、归纳易拼错的常用词，过拼写关，辨析易混单词 如：attack & attract, tunnel & channel, clean & clear, college & colleague, impress & expressExercise: 1. I failed to reach my _ for lack of planning.A. wish B. goal C. ambition D. result2. Reading novels is a way which one can _ after a day of hard work.A. relax B. relieve C. remove D. recover3. It has been warm in Shanghai recently, _ yesterday.A. normally B. particularly C. especially D. commonly4. If any lady owns this gold necklace, will she please come forward and _?A. declare B. announce C. claim D. recognize5. The new comer _ me as a man of great ability.A. impressed B. expressed C. supposed D. suggested6. Today the small town is better _ from flood than it was 10 years ago.A. prepared B. equipped C. protected D. prevented7. Do you know how many students will be _ into university next year?A. admitted B. accepted C. received D. attempted8. It is said that the _ of the fire has not been explained.A. reason B. cause C. clue D. conclusion9. The constant noise from upstairs really _ me mad.A. caused B. turned C. put D. drove10. Its clear now. Its _ to rain this evening.A. unlikely B. uncertain C. improbably D. not sure11. How we _ a chance to visit the Palace Museum1A. hope for B. hope C. look forward to have D. expect for12. The watch was sold for 1200 yuan, which was far more than its real _.A. cost B. price C. value D. worth13. Id like to buy the coat, but I dont know if its my _.A. number B. size C. shape D. pattern14. The room was so quite that I could hear the _ of my heart.A. hitting B. knocking C. striking D. beating15. His viewpoint on the matter sounds so strange that I could hardly _ it.A. spare B. agree C. hold D. share16. While he was in the office he _ doing something to doing nothing.A. preferred B. like C. enjoyed D. devoted17. I was wondering how to do it when an idea suddenly _ to me.A. happened B. occurred C. took place D. was thought18. The house was in fairly good condition _ the wall, which has some leaks in it.A. except B. besides C. except for D. except that19. The lights are still on. You should have turned them off. It was all your _.A. trouble B. mistake C. shortcoming D. fault20. Sometimes its hard for a child under ten to _ right from wrong.A. tell B. speak C. say D. know21.This is Jane speaking.-Oh, its you. Your voice sounds quite different _ the phone.A. for B from C. by D. on22. At the singing contest, she felt nervous because she seldom sings in _ before.A. people B. crowd C. public D. audience23. We were very glad to get his reply without _.A. stop B. pause C. break D. delay24. Now that he has found a job, he can be independent _ his parents; _, he often supports some poor children.A. on / besides B. for / in addition to C. at / beside D. of / in addition25. She is not quite well today so she is not in the _ for a dance now.A. spirit B. mind C. thought D. mood26. _ the trees growing tall, we got more shade.A. With B. Until C. Because D. While27. The _ temperature of a human body, no matter in what part of the world he lives, is about 37 centigrade degree. A. commonB. normalC. averageD. regular28. Having been seriously ill for a long time, he has no _ to get up by himself.A. energy B. power C. strength D. force29. We interviewed several candidates but none of them _ us.A. pleasedB. supportedC. qualifiedD. impressed30. Lunch is _ in our school dining-room from 11:00 to 12:30.A. had B. served C. make D. have31. Some of the houses on the hillside are _ to vehicles of any kind. A. inconvenient B. inaccessible C. impossible D. impolite32. Dont sit on the tree or you may fall get _.A. damaged B. healed C. injured D. wounded33. That basketball team _ 30 players.A. composes of B. makes up of C. consists of D. contains34. I couldnt _ what he meant.A. make up B. figure out C. make of D. make on35. Lets _ the engagement to the beautiful singer.A. celebrate him B. congratulate him on C. welcome him D. be happy for him36. Electricity, a kind of _ is very useful in our society.A. power B. energy C. force D. effect37. The rising _ of living is hard on the people.A. price B. pay C. increase D. cost38. Jack used to be poor, but now he has a co