本讲教育信息形容词副词.doc

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：形容词与副词二. 重难点讲解形容词与副词的基本用法（一）多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small beautiful room。常用的顺序为：限定词（those）+ 数量形容词（three）+ 描绘性形容词（beautiful）+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large）+ 新旧（old）+颜色（brown）+国籍+材料（wood）+ 被修饰名词（table）记住规则是必要的，但初学者还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。请仔细体会下面的例子：all these last few days , some beautiful little red flowers , a new green silk cap（二）形容词的作用1. 用作定语，修饰由不定代词one ,no ,any ,some和every构成的复合词，如anything，something时，通常放在修饰的词后。如：I have something interesting to tell you .2. 用作表语，与系动词be，grow , get , become , feel , appear , prove , seem ,look ,keep , smell ,taste，sound ,turn ,remain等连。如：The desk is clean .The weather is getting warmer and warmer .3. 用作宾语补足语。如：The news made every one happy .I think the text very interesting .4. 与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语。如：The rich and the poor live very different lives .（主语）5. 作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：He went to bed ,cold and hungry .Mr .White stared into the distance ,speechless for a moment .（三）副词的作用1. 副词一般在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如：He had worked hard all his life .（修饰动词）He is very diligent .（修饰形容词）You can find books on that subject quite easily .（修饰副词）Luckily she was in when I called .（修饰句子）2. 副词还可作表语。如：One of the trees is downThe train is not in yet .3. 有时副词还可用作定语，一般放在所修饰词的后面，也可放在前面。如：The population here is getting smaller and smaller .On my way home , I saw an old lady .4. 间或副词也构成复合宾语。如：I saw you out with Mr Wang yesterday .Show him up .5. 表示位置的副词常与动词构成短语，表示特定的意思。如：pick out , turn up . 形容词与副词的比较等级（一）比较等级的活用形容词或副词的三种比较等级结构，即同级比较结构、比较级结构和最高级结构，有时可以换用。如用同级比较结构表达最高级含义，用比较级句型表达最高级含义等，用法很灵活。1. 用比较级句型表达最高级含义+ the other + 复数名词比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词+ any of the other + 复数名词如：China is larger than any other country in Asia .（= China is the largest country in Asia .）Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class .（= Tom is the tallest boy in his class .）2. 比较级 + than + anything/anyone else。如：She loves music better than anything else . （= She loves music best .）He works harder than anyone else in his class .（= He works hardest in his class .）3. 同级比较结构或比较级句型中出现否定词no，never，nothing等，用来表达最高级含义。如：I love nothing better than swimming .（= I love swimming best .）I have never seen as old a car as this .（= This is the oldest car I have ever seen .）（二）形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成1. 单音节形容词以及少数以-er，-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”，“est”。如great ,narrow，fast ,clever。2. 以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble，-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“r”，“st”。如large ,able ,simple .3. 以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“er”，“est”。如hot , big , begin。4. 以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改为I，再加“er”，“est”。如easy , heavy , early。5. 一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。如beautiful , careful。6. 少数单音节形容也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如tired , pleased。7. 下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。cruel crueler cruelestmore cruel most crueloften oftener oftenestmore often most oftenstrict stricter strictestmore strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly8. 下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成是不规则的。good , well better bestbad , ill worse worstmany , much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthestold elder eldestolder oldest9. 多音节形容词和副词在变为比较级或最高级时，在前边加more，most，也可加less，least，这两种方式所构成的比较级和最高级意思相反。如：Of the two toys , he chose the more expensive .（在两个玩具中，他选择了较贵的那一个。）Of the two toys , he chose the less expensive .（在两个玩具中，他选择了不太贵的那一个。）（三）比较级和最高级前的修饰语1. 比较级前的修饰语如果表示一方超过另一方的程度和具体数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度或数量的词或短语：even , still , much , far , any（用于否定句或疑问句） ,a lot , a great deal , by far , a little , a bit , three times , two metres等。如：They work even harder than before .The football match was far more interesting than I had expected .2. 最高级前的修饰语最高级前可出现序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really等修饰语。如：This bridge is by far the longest across the river .How much did the second most expensive hat cost？（四）无比较等级的形容词有些形容词本身含义无程度差别，所以没有比较级和最高级。如：impossible , right , wrong , perfect , favorite , mistaken等。这些形容词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite（完全地）修饰。如：You are quite right .（五）常考的含有比较级的句型1.“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越”。如：Its getting colder and colder .2.“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The sooner you finish the job , the better . 形容词与副词的其他用法（一）表语形容词通常只作表语的形容词有：well ,alone ,ashamed ,glad ,sure ,unable ,asleep ,awake , alive ,alike , afraid等。这些形容词一般只能作前置定语，但也可作补语。上述形容词不能作前置定语，但alive , asleep可作后置定语。如：He is the greatest poet alive .（二）倍数表示法表示倍数的结构有以下几种：1. A is three（four, etc.）times/half/one third the size（height , length）of B .如：Their library is twice the size of ours .2. A is three（four, etc.）times/ half/ one third as big（high , long）as B .如：The new bridge is three times as long as the old one .3. A is three（four, etc.）times/ half/ one third bigger（higher , longer）than B .如：Your school is three times bigger than ours .（三）复合形容词的构成1. 形容词词干 + 名词 + edkind-hearted（好心的）2. 形容词词干 + 形容词词干red-hot（炽热的），dark-blue（深蓝的）3. 形容词词干 + 现在分词tried-looking（面带倦容的）ordinary-looking（长相一般的）4. 副词词干 + 现在分词hard-working（勤劳的）quick-firing（速射的）5. 副词词干 + 过去分词hard-won（得来不易的）newly-made（新建的）6. 名词词干 + 形容词词干life-long（终生的）world-famous（世界闻名的）7. 名词词干 + 现在分词peace-loving（爱好和平的）mouth-watering（令人垂涎的）8. 名词词干 + 过去分词snow-covered（白雪覆盖的）hand-made（手工的）9. 数词词干 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed（四层的）three-legged（三条腿的）10. 数词词干 + 名词词干ten-year（十年的） two-man（二人的）（四）两种副词形式的比较有些常用副词，两种形式，意义不同。如：close 接近（指距离） closely仔细地；密切地free 免费 freely自由地；自如地deep深 deeply深刻地hard努力地 hardly几乎不wide宽 widely广泛地high高 highly高度地late晚；迟 lately近来most最 mostly主要地；绝大多数地（五）副词的位置1. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、另一个副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前。如：The experiment was completely successful .enough需放在被修饰成分的后面。如：He doesnt work hard enough .2. 频度副词（always , often , usually , never , seldom , hardly , sometimes等）要放在实义动词的前面，be动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如：We often go to the park .He is always ready to help others .3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。如：I remember that I met him somewhere .Everything went smoothly .4. 同时出现几个副词时的排列顺序：方式副词地点副词时间副词。如：She did her work perfectly yesterday .5. 作定语时，副词应放在被修饰词之后。People here are very friendly to me .（六）应注意的几个问题1. 比较的范围如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia .（比较的范围一致）China is larger than any country in Africa .（比较的范围不一致）2. 比较对象要一致相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较。如：The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world .（人口相比较，出现代词that）China has a larger population than any other country in the world .（国家和国家相比较）3. 注意比较结构中的省略现象由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明了的场合中，比较对象往往省略。如：I had never spent a more worrying day .（后边省略了than that）The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper , but not as good .（后边省略了as the ones in this shop）这种省略现象能给正确判断造成一定障碍，在中考题中出现过几次。4. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly , lovely , lonely , likely , deadly , silly , orderly。【模拟试题】1. The apple tastes _ and sells _ .A. well , well B. good,good C. good, well D. well, good2. Your answer sounds _.A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting3. They all looked_ at the matter and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly,sad4. At the meeting , they kept _ all the time.A. silent B. silently C. silencely D. quietly5. He looked dead but the faint pulse proved that he was still _.A. live B. life C. alive D. lively6. Both answers are good, but I think his sounds _.A. more reasonably B. much reasonable C. more reasonable D. much more reasonably7. Henry said he was feeling _that day.A. much more B. a lot of cold C. a lot good D. a lot better8. There was a _ talk between the two teams last week.A. friend B. friendly C. friendship D. really9. He is _ to know the answer.A. likely B. probable C. maybe D. probably10. There is _ I want to ask you.A. something new B. new something C. the something D. the new something11. Joan pushed the door _ and went in hurriedly.A. opened B. open C. openly D. opening12. Youd better keep your mouth _ and your eyes _.A. shut; open B. shutting ; opening C. shut; opened D. shutting ;opened13. The storm kept me _ all through the night.A. awake B. awoke C. awaked D. awoken14. When she entered the room, she found her baby _.A. sleep B. slept C. asleep D. falls asleep15. They are helping to make country more _.A. beauty B. beautifully C. beautify D. beautiful16. He arrived at last,_.A. was tired and hungry B. had hunger and anger C. tired and hungry D. tiredly and hungrily17. Hurry up , There is _ time left.A. few B. little C. a few D. a little18. He was so strong that he felt_ tired after the long walk.A. a bit B. a little C. not a little D. not a bit19. He used to be quite unsuccessful, and not so confident of himself_.A. too B. also C. either D. neither20. Havent you finished that book_?A. still B. also C. too D. yet21. Bruce is a _ good player, but John is a _ bad one.A. fairly ; rather B. fairly ; fairly C. rather; rather D. rather ; fairly22. Mr Smith is _ respected by his students.A. extreme B. rather C. much D. very23. He isnt a _.delighted boy , I am _ troubled by it.A. very; much B. much; much C. very ; very D. much ; very24. _ it be true? No , it cant _ be true.A. May; possibly B. Can ; possibly C. Can ; perhaps D. May ; perhaps25. Do you have _ time to prepare before taking the exam?A. plenty of B. a lot C. lots D. enough26. The weather is not _ hot.A. then B. such a C. that D. than27. They told me that he had left for the country some days _.A. ago B. after C. long D. before28. I came here _ to ask for your instructions.A. specially B. especially C. particularly D. special29. He is_ interested in English, he often works at it_ into the night.A. deep ; deep B. deeply ; deep C. deep ; deeply D. deeply ; deeply30. How _ the boy is to learn to talk!A. slow B. slowly C. a slow way D. a slow31. John works _ ,but Mike hardly works.A. hard B. hardly C. hardest D. hardlier32. John is _ the cleverest boy in the school.A. far B. by far C. the far D. by far the33. You know _ about it than Tom does.A. even little B. even less C. more little D. more less34. This book is _ for a seven- year-old child to read.A. too much difficult B. too more difficult C. much too difficult D. more too difficult35. Their new assistant is _ than the old one.A. more better B. far better C. very better D. many better36. His explanation is _.A. by farclearer B. clearer by far C. the clearer by far D. the clearer37. She is _ too young to travel alone.A. quite B. far C. exactly D. yet38. Her _ scream made us all feel _.A. exciting , exciting B. exciting , excited C. excited , exciting D. excited , excited39. It is _ question.A. the more difficult B. the most difficult C. a most difficult D. a more difficult40. “The cloth is _ magnificent!” They said.A. the most B. very most C. most D. much more41. A Tale of Two Cities is _ a novel. It helps us to understand the history of that time.A. not more than B. no more than C. less than D. more than42. The sewing-machine is _ cheaper than the one we bought last year.A. more B. less C. no D. very43. There are as many students in our class _.A. as in theirs B. as theirs C. as their class D. as those on their class44. The population of China is much larger than_ of Japan.A. which B. those C. that D. what45. His health is _.A. as poor , if not poorer than, his sisterB. as poor as , if not poorer than , his sistersC. poor as his sisters , if not poorD. as poor , if not poorer than his sisters46. Our hall is _ theirs.A. twice as large as B. twice so large as C. as twice large as D. so twice large as47. Tom isnt the tallest boy in the class , but he is taller than _ students.A. any of the B. some C. any other D. some of the other48. My daughter runs faster than _ in her class.A. any boy B. every one C. any girl D. all the pupils49. Of all the apples in the basket , this one is _.A. red B. redder C. the reddest D. the redest50. Who is Mary? She is _ of the two girls.A. fat B. fatter C. the fattest D. the fatter51. How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard _.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voi